• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.703-718
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• 2014

This study sought to investigate learning progressions for astronomical systems which synthesized the motion and structure of Earth, Earth-Moon system, solar system, and the universe. For this purpose we developed ordered multiple-choice items, applied them to elementary and middle school students, and provided validity evidence based on the consequence of assessment for interpretation of learning progressions. The study was conducted according to construct modeling approach. The results showed that the OMCs were appropriate for investigating learning progressions on astronomical systems, i.e., based on item fit analysis, students' responses to items were consistent with the measurement of Rasch model. Wright map analysis also represented that the assessment items were very effective in examining students' hypothetical pathways of development of understanding astronomical systems. At the lower anchor of the learning progression, while students perceived the change of location and direction of celestial bodies with only two-dimensional earth-based view, they failed to connect the locations of celestial bodies with Earth-Moon system model, and they could recognized simple patterns of planets in the solar system and milky way. At the intermediate levels, students interpreted celestial motion using the model of Earth rotation and revolution, Earth-Moon system, and solar system with space-based view, and they could also relate the elements of astronomical structures with the models. At the upper anchor, students showed the perspective change between space-based view and earth-based view, and applied it to celestial motion of astronomical systems, and they understood the correlation among sub-elements of astronomical systems and applied it to the system model.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.543-551
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• 2011

Critical thinking is recognized as core competency for dental hygiene practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between critical thinking disposition and grade, types of educational programs and satisfaction with interpersonal relationship, major, clinical practice. Total 909 students in associate and baccalaureate dental hygiene educational program completed self-reported questionnaire on critical thinking disposition inventory developed by Yoon(2004). The mean score for critical thinking disposition was 3.38~3.39 on a 5 point scale. There was no difference in critical thinking disposition scores between students of associate and baccalaureate programs. There was no difference in critical thinking disposition scores between grade of students. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between critical thinking disposition and satisfaction with interpersonal relationship and major. Multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA) revealed that all subscales for three groups according to satisfaction with interpersonal relationship were significantly different(Pillai's trace=0.075, F(14,1782)=4.979, p<0.001) and all subscales for three groups according to satisfaction with major were significantly different(Pillai's trace=0.035, F(14,1728)=2.257, p=0.005).

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2002

This study was proposed as an exploratory study for understanding the biological bases and structures of three personality models: Eysenck's PEN model, Gray's BIS/BAS model, and Costa & McCrae's Five Factor Model, which was chosen as the major descriptive model regardless of its biological bases. Besides, Eysenck's impulsivity scale, IVE, was added to demonstrate the relationship of P and impulsivity. Concerning personality, most previous reports have explored the relationships between P300 and the introversion-extraversion of Eysenck's theory because of its putative biological bases. In the present study, forty-eight undergraduate took four personality batteries (ERQ-R, NEO-Pl-R, BIS/BAS, and IVE). Two types of oddball tasks including different stimulus duration were used to induce ERPs (50ms for task 1, 300ms for task 2). Distributional topographies of correlation coefficients with personality traits and ERP components were drawn, and considered for the consistent interpretation of the personality model structures. Even though all equivalences for extraversion of personality batteries showed similarities for their intra-correlation, their correlations with P3 amplitudes were dissociate. Eysenck's E might not be the proper psychometric measure for elucidating its biological bases. The present study supported the negative relationship of P3 amplitude and extraversion, which is the consensus of previous studies. Neuroticism and Psychoticism showed correlations with the earlier sensory processing components such as N1 and P2. This result might explain the reason why most of studies have failed to find biological connections relating them. Interaction between gender and personality traits should be considered for the interpretation of correlations. Two types of auditory stimulus duration had different sensitivity to personality traits.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.8
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• pp.233-267
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• 2001

The management environment in Korea today is undergoing rapid changes; in particular, domestic corporations and businesses are confronting formidable adversity with IMF crisis and WTO. Though cost cutback, higher quality, rapid production, and diversification of products were accepted as important requirements for competitiveness in the past, they have been replaced by brand power. Consumption patterns have changed their focus from function to image orientation. This is why managers in corporations have invested enormous amounts of resources into producing powerful brands, which can attract consumers' attention greatly enough to improve the image of their products. Brands are regarded as a vital vehicle for marketing strategies and thus as a legal asset. Brands with remarkable and favorable image can secure a loyal consumer groups stable revenues. M & A, currently active between corporations, makes brand equity all the more important. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of internal marketing and increased brand diversification on brand equity by combining them as influential factors with marketing mix factor. For this purpose, literature review was make on previous fragmented studies of influential factors on brand equity build-up. Based on the findings of this study, some operational implications were suggested for marketing managers. The findings and implications of the present study are as follows; First, efficient communication among organization members was found to have a significant effect on product quality. Second, job satisfaction and efficient communication among members was shown to significantly influence price policies. Thirdly, efficient communication among organization workers proved to have a significant effect on distribution strategies. Forth, efficient communication among members was demonstrated to significantly influence advertisement and other public-relations activities. Fifth, opacity of market environment appeared to have a significant effect on product quality, prior market entrance as perceived by organization members turned to be of negative influence on product quality. Sixth, opacity of market environment was found to have a significant effect on price policies. Seventh, opacity of market environment was shown to be of significant effect on distribution strategies. Eighth, grater opacity of market environment proved to improve advertisement and other public-relations activities. Ninth, price policies, distribution strategies, advertisement and public-relations activities were found to have a significant effect on brand equity value. To sum up these findings, in order for corporations and businesses to cope with consumers' needs that are increasingly segmented, internal marketing strategies and brand diversification should be implemented so as to generate greater synergy effect. It is also important to stress that differentiated, higher competitiveness should be secured for Korean corporations and businesses to survive in the drastically changing, globalized market environment. In this regard, continuous and long-term management strategies for brand equity build-up should be ensured and is essential in the present unlimited competition. The last but not least important point to notice is that to increase brand equity value, intensive investment and constant emphasis should be made on internal marketing management on intra-organizational members before strengthening external marketing.