• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.667-673
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were 1) to analyze the preference of leadership style among ${\lceil}$Transformational leadership$\rfloor$ and ${\lceil}$Service leadership$\rfloor$, 2) to examine the differences of the job satisfaction between the high level of service leadership group and low level of the service leadership group and 3) to testify the hypothesis that the service leadership and its 4 elements (belief, attitude, ability, insight) affect the job satisfaction. The questionnaires were developed to measure the service leadership, the preference of leadership style (transfer-mational leadership and service leadership) and Job satisfaction. The surveys were distributed to 120 managers and employees in the family restaurant in Korea, and 104 questionnaires were responded (response rate: $86.7\%$). The SPSS 12.0 package program was used to conduct the descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, t-test and multiple regression analysis. The result of leadership style preference showed the followers preferred the service leadership $(75.0\%)$ to the transformational leadership $(25.0\%)$. Comparing the job satisfaction of high level of service leadership group and that of low level of service leadership group, the job satisfaction of high level of service leadership group was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of low level of service leadership group (high level of service leadership group: 4.03, low service leadership group: 3.27, measured on a 5-point likert scale). All three factors of job satisfaction (human factor, service system and company image) in high level of leadership group were significantly (p<0.001) higher than those of lower level of service leadership group. The result of multiple regression analysis presented that the service leadership and it's 4 elements (concept, mind, skill, insight) have significant (p=0.000) effects on the job satisfaction. As a conclusion, we examined theoretical framework of service leadership model and testified the applicability in the field of family restaurants. But the service leadership was the new conceptual theory, so there should be the more empirical studies on managers and employees in the service industry.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 1979

Red pepper paste were prepared by using various raw materials such as rice, glutinous rice, polished barley, polished wheat and corn powder, and their chemical compositions including reducing sugar, amino-N and ethanol were analyzed during the period of aging in order to elucidate effects of these starchy materials on the compositions and qualities of the products. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Koji of these materials were manufactured respectively by inoculating a strain of Asporyzae and their activities of protease and saccharifying amylase were determined. Wheat koji was found to have the highest level of protease activity among the koji, while glutinous rice koji had the strongest amylase activity. 2) Contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and sodium chloride in the red pepper pastes were not changed significantly, however total sugar content was decreased during the period of aging. 3) After 60 days of aging, the highest amount (160mg%) amino nitrogen was detected in the red pepper paste of polished wheat, but higher levels of reducing sugar and ethanol contents were detected in that of glutinous rice. 4) Amino acids in the products were analyzed after 60 days of aging: a) Total 17 amino acids were detected. b) Free amino acid ratio to total amino acid content was approximately 35 percent in average. c) Free glutamic acid was higher than any other free amino acid In the amount and free ratio, but free methionine was lower. d) Lysine content was relatively high, while histidine and glycine were detected in trace. 5) Sensory tests including color, odor and taste on the products resulted in the highest mark for the red pepper paste of glutinous rice but in the lowest mark for that of corn powder.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2009

The DNA sequencer is known to be more sensitive for the quality of template DNA, method of purification followed by sequencing reaction, and gel concentration. Therefore, we investigated optimal conditions for template preparation, purification, sequencing reaction, gel concentration, and injection medium. For plasmid prepara- tion, using chloroform instead of phenol improved the average read length from 532 bp to 684 bp. The addition of 2.5% DMSO sequencing PCR reaction resulted in 200 bp longer sequences. Purification using 50 mM EDTA and 0.6 M Sodium acetate(pH 8.0) presented 20 bp longer sequences than that using 50 mM EDTA(pH 8.0) and 0.6 M sodium acetate(pH 5.2). The injection for sequencing analysis using ABI formamide presented 90 bp longer sequences than that of using formamide deionized by resin. Moreover, there were 150 bp more readable sequences in 3.6% PAGE gel than in 4%. Consequently, it was concluded that an average of 700 bp per reaction with 85% accuracy can be obtained by the following optimal conditions: template preparation using chloroform, 2.5% DMSO, 50 mM EDTA and 0.6 M sodium acetate(pH 8.0), ABI formamide and 3.6% gel concentration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.434-438
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• 2005

In the previous study, we isolated a myulchikinase (MK), which has fibrinolytic activity and cytotoxicity to the tumor cell line, from myl- chi-jeot-gal. In this study, the effect of NaCl concentration, metallic ions, pH, temperature, and plasminogen on the activity of MK was analysed. The MK activity was maintained at least $80\%$ activity up to $30\%$ NaCl, which indicates that the enzyme may be halotolerant. The optimal pH and temperature were 8 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity of MK was completely inhibited with 0.5 mM $Hg^{2+}$ and inhibited to $50^{\circ}C$ with 1 mM $Cu^{2+}\;and\;Zn^{2+}$. The MK showed strong activity in plasminogen- rich fibrin plate but not in plasminogen-free fibrin plate. The result indicates that the MK may be a plasminogen activator type fibrinolytic enzyme.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.285-296
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• 2018

Among many hacking attempts carried out in the past few years, the cyber-attacks that could have caused a national-level disaster were the attacks against nuclear facilities including nuclear power plants. The most typical one was the Stuxnet attack against Iranian nuclear facility and the cyber threat targeting one of the facilities operated by Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd (Republic of Korea; ROK). Although the latter was just a threat, it made many Korean people anxious while the former showed that the operation of nuclear plant can be actually stopped by direct cyber-attacks. After these incidents, the possibility of cyber-attacks against industrial control systems has become a reality and the security for these systems has been tightened based on the idea that the operations by network-isolated systems are no longer safe from the cyber terrorism. The ROK government has established a realistic control systems defense concept and in the US, the relevant authorities have set up several security frameworks to prepare for the threats. This paper presented various cyber security attack cases and their scenarios against control systems, along with the analysis of countermeasures for them. Though this task, we attempt to identify the items that need to be considered when designing a domestic security framework to improve security and secure stability.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.743-750
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to develop a supplementary therapeutic agent capable of promoting vascular circulation. The effects of Acai berry ethanolic extracts (ABEE) on activity of angiotensin converting enzyme from rabbit lung, production of nitro oxide in both murine macrophage cells and vascular endothelial cells as well as antioxidant effects were investigated in this study. First of all, it was observed the direct effects of ABEE on reducing power and antioxidant effect lipid peroxidation. In addition, ABEE showed a protective effect on DNA oxidation induced by hydroxyl radical. Furthermore, ABEE at 0.01% exerted approximately 50% inhibition on activity of angiotensin converting enzyme. ABEE increased the production of nitric oxide in endothelial cells, but decreased the induction of nitric oxide stimulated by lipopolysaccharide in microphage. The expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 and -3 were enhanced by ABEE treatment, however, the expression level of SOD-1 remained constant. Moreover, the expression level of nitric oxide synthases-1 (NOS-1), a constitutive enzyme, was increased by ABEE, but that of NOS-2, a inducible enzyme, was constant. It was also found that the level of Nrf-2, a transcription factor of SOD, was increased by ABEE. Therefore, these results demonstrate that ABEE could promote blood circulation via above actions, suggesting that may be helpful for health of blood vessel.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.487-495
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to investigate the actual state of the national project to promote the management of Forest Management Cooperatives(FMC). To fulfil the objective, we have reviewed recent statistics, regulations, and publications related with FMC and interviewed officials and professionals engaged in FMC-related organizations. Also cognition of members on the actual state of the management of FMC's was studied by a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was designed to get understandings of the general cognition of FMC's members associated with forest management and FMC's management activities. According to the results of the survey, more than 50% of members are not interested in forest management and most of them are not satisfied with the activity of FMC. In this paper, the results of analyses for the survey are discussed in detail. On the other hand, statistics indicate that the basic policy for FMC contributes to rapid growth in the number of local FMC's. However, the increase of FMC's has negative effect on management conditions of existing FMC's because of reduced budget allocation from the government. In addition, we concluded that some parts of current regulations for FMC are unfavorable in promoting the spontaneous management activities of local FMC's.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.37 no.6 s.169
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• pp.585-601
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• 2004

A general study of domestic black sandstone and black shale quarries has not been made. For this reason it is difficult to know how the matter really stands. The objectives of this study are to achieve systematical and scientific study of the distribution, occurrences and rock quality of black sandstone and black shale resources exploited in existing quarries in the Boryeong area. The black sandstone bed survey was made from 54 mine claims on 4 sheets. In the area, 140 black sandstone and 22 black shale quarries were ascertained in 37 mine claims. The general development information data from that existing quarries were collected and synthesized. Among these black sandstone quarries for gravestones, monuments and black shale quarries for inkstone are in operation. Most of the black sandstone quarries were closed throughout the Gaewhari, Suburi, Seongjuri district in the investigated area even though these quarries had played a prominent part in the production of black sandstone. In view of commercial dimension stones, raw materials from black sandstone are classified as corestone and fresh rock body according to the characteristics of their occurrences and shape. Black sandstone beds are characteristically well-jointed and are particularly subdivided into cubic or quadrangular blocks in 3 joint sets. The colors of these black sandstones show medium dark $gray\~grayish$ black judging from the Rock Color Chart. The black sandstone beds which are intercalated in the Amisan, Jogeri, Baegunsa, Seongjuri Formations of the Daedong Supergroup are about $1\~10\;m$ in thickness.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.657-664
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to screen a therapeutic agent with a cognitive function. The inhibitory effect of $Curcuma$ $longa$ hot water extract (CLWE) on the angiotension-converting enzyme and acetylcholinesterase derived from rabbit lungs and neural cells (PC12), as well as its antioxidant effect, was investigated in this study. Thus, for the first time, the direct scavenging effect of CLWE on DPPH radicals, superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, lipid peroxidation, reducing power, and the protective effect of DNA oxidation related to oxidative stress was evaluated in vitro. In addition, it was observed that CLWE especially exhibited a scavenging effect on reducing power and superoxide anions in this study. CLWE showed a protective effect on DNA oxidation produced by hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, CLWE inhibited the activity of angiotensin-converting enzymes above 0.25%. Additionally, the extract inhibited oxidative stress and inducible nitric oxide in neuronal cells. Therefore, these results demonstrated that CLWE has antioxidant activity and neuronal cell protective effects, suggesting that it may have great potential as a natural source for human health.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.29
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• pp.443-464
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• 1998

21세기를 맞이하여 대학도서관은 정보기술의 도입, 업무내용의 변화, 이용자의 요구변화등 급격하게 변화하는 새로운 환경에 직면해 있다. 본 연구는 한국의 대학도서관 조직구조의 현황에 대한 분석과 함께 다양한 조직이론들과 정보환경의 변화에 기초해서 도서관조직을 활성화시키기위한 개념적인 조직모델을 제시하고자 한다. 한국의 대학도서관은 거의 10년동안 법적인 제약과 조직내외의 환경적인 한계 등으로 인해 전산화시스템의 도입, 도서관부관장의 임명, 그리고 도서관과 컴퓨터 센터와의 통합시도와 같은 약간의 변화외에는 거의 변화가 없었다. 전형적인 한국의 대학도서관은 수서, 기술서비스, 열람과 참고봉사 부문으로 조직되었다. 여기서 수서 기능을 기술서비스의 부문으로 간주한다면, 본 연구의 대상인 대학도서관 114개관 중 95개관(82.5%)이 전통적인 도서관조직의 형태인 기술서비스와 공공서비스 부문으로 조직된 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 전통적인 도서관조직의 문제점들을 급복할 수 있는 21세기의 개념적인 대학도서관 조직모델로서, 네가지 부문 - 서비스 부문, 서비스지원 부문, 기술지원 부문, 그리고 통합·조정부문-을 대학도서관의 개념적인 기본 구성요소로써 제안하였다. 그러나 모든 도서관의 서비스나 업무과정에 대해 적합한 잉상적인 조직구조는 없으며, 조직의 재조직과정은 도서관의 형태와 목적, 업무과정에 따라 매우 다양하다. 따라서 도서관의 재조직화는 환경의 변화에 따라 끊임없는 과정이 될 것이며, 도서관조직의 성공은 이러한 변화에 적응할 수 있는 개인과 조직의 역량에 달려있다고 하겠다.대한 순서에 있어서 차이가 있다. 4) 도서관에 대한 태도에 있어서 두 집단은 상이한 입장을 보이고 있다. 학자들의 과반수는 중요 정보원으로서 자신의 개인장서를 활용하며, 도서관의 장서 및 그 조직방법에 대해서도 별로 만족하지를 못하고 있다. 반면에, 실무가들은 도서관에 대하여 비교적 만족하며 따라서 도서관에 대한 이용도도 높다. 5) 두 집단 모두 보조인을 적극적으로 활용하지 않으며 사서의 도움을 받는 경우도 극소수에 불과하다. 이러한 조사결과를 기초로 하여 볼 때 법률전문직을 둘러싼 정보환경을 개선하기 위하여는, 인쇄된 일차적 정보자료의 검색방법등을 개선하고, 나아가서는 법령과 판례정보를 위한 효율적인 시스템을 구축하며, 뿐만 아니라 이용자의 요구에 충분히 대처할 수 잇는 도서관으로 변화되는 것이다. 이와 함께 가장 중요한 것은 법과대학과 사법연수원에서 법학 연구방법에 관한 강좌를 개설하여 각종 법률정보원의 활용 내지 도서관 이용방법에 관하여 교육하는 것이다.글을 연구하고, 그 결과에 의존하여서 우리의 실제의 생활에 사용하는 $\boxDr$한국어사전$\boxUl$등을 만드는 과정에서, 어떤 의미에서 실험되었다고 말할 수가 있는 언어과학의 연구의 결과에 의존하여서 수행되는 철학적인 작업이다. 여기에서는 하나의 철학적인 연구의 시작으로 받아들여지는 이 의미분석의 문제를 반성하여 본다. 것이 필요하다고 사료된다.크기에 의존하며, 또한 이러한 영향은 $(Ti_{1-x}AI_{x})N$ 피막에 존재하는 AI의 함량이 높고, 초기에