• Nuclear industry
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• 제15권2호통권144호
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• pp.63-70
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• 1995

핵개발 포기동기는 핵개발 동기의 소멸, 즉 안보위협이 제거되었을 경우와 핵개발 자체에 소요되는 비용과 핵개발 의혹을 받게 되면서부터 받는 국제적인 제재에 따른 경제적 희생이 국민경제에 과중한 부담이 될 경우이다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.425-433
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• 1996

Pepper plants were water-logged at 0, 5, 10 and 15 cm at transplanting and flowering stages under the condition of greenhouse. Treatment of water-logging times were 6, 12, 24, 48 and 120 hours. The results obtained are summarized as follows. At the transplanting stage, plant height, number of leaves, shoot and root fresh weight decreased by water-logging at 0cm for 24 hours and at 5cm or more for 6 hours. Number of fallen leaf was negligible by 12 hours water-logging at 0cm, however, its increased by more increased the water-logging depth and time. Diffusion resistance and chlorophyll content of leaf, and root activity decreased at more than 24 hours of water-logging regardless of the water-logging depth treatments. Photosynthesis and respiration rate diminished by increased the water-logging depth at 120 hours water-logging treatment. Plant diseases, mainly anthracnose(Colletotrichum) occurred in proportion to increase the depth and time of water-logging. It was not possible to control the diseases by fungicides. At the treatment of foliar spray of urea for recovery to water-logging damage, the efficiency was not found on plant height, but the number of leaves. Number of fruit and weight of fruit per plant showed no difference from no water-logging to 24 hours water-logging at 0cm, but its decreased that more than 24 hours water-logging at 0cm and more than 6 hours water-logging at 5cm or more. The averaged weight of a fruit on survival plants increased by more hours and deeper water-logging. There was positive correlation between all the investigated characteristics of growth and yield. There was, however, negative correlation between the characteristics and diffusion resistance of leaf stomata. The correlation between number of fallen leaf and averaged weight of a fruit was not significant. At flowering stage, number of fruit and weight of fruit per plant showed a similar tendency to no water-logging and by 12 hours water-logging at 0cm and 5cm, but significantly decreased at more than 24 hours water-logging from 0 to 5cm, and more than 6 hours water-logging at 10cm or more. The averaged weight of a fruit on survival plants increased by more hours and deeper water-logging except for 120 hours water-logging at all water depths.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2013

Relationships among climate changes, early frost, and fruit growth were studied during the final month to harvest of late-maturing 'Fuyu' persimmon (Diospyros kaki) to assess the changes in fruit characteristics during this critical period. The heavy frost on Nov. 16 defoliated more than 70% of the leaves, but with little damage on the fruits. However, all the leaves were defoliated by the heavy frost on Nov. 20, and all the fruits were cold-damaged by $-3.3^{\circ}C$ on Nov. 21. Fruit weight increased by 8-25 g per week from Oct. 25 (142 days after full bloom) to Nov. 15, reaching to 250 g, but it decreased by 3-4 g per week after the frost. Hunter a value of fruit skin gradually increased until the last harvest on Nov. 29 with a temporary halt in early Nov. when temperature was high, whereas fruit firmness rapidly decreased after the frost on Nov. 21. Fruit soluble solids were $15.7-16.1^{\circ}Brix$ for the final month. When some branches were covered with non-woven fabrics to avoid direct contact with frost, the fruits on the branches were not visually damaged by the low temperature although 40-60% of their leaves were defoliated on Nov. 16. However, low temperature on Nov. 20 and 21 defoliated all the leaves, causing cold damage on the fruits. There was a highly significant correlation between the fruit diameter and its weight ($R^2$ = 0.73-0.91). So, the regression equations could be used to estimate weight from diameter of the fruits sampled from the branches with the non-woven fabrics. The calculated fruit weight reached to a maximum of 240 g on Nov. 15. Daily increases in fruit weight were 1.1-2.5 g from Oct. 25 to 31, 1.9-3.5 g from Oct. 31 to Nov. 7, and 1.4-1.6 g from Nov. 7 to 12. However, fruit weight decreased by 0.3-1 g per day after the cold damage on Nov. 21. The results indicate that the most appropriate harvest time could be dependent on relationship of fruit growth to climate.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2004

Two red pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars, 'Geumtap' and 'Bugang', were cultivated at main producing areas in Korea and harvested four times in 1998 and 1999. Length, weight, dry matter ratio and color of red peppers were measured at each harvest. The relations between external characteristics with regional climatic elements such as total accumulated air temperature, total amount of precipitation and duration of sunshine during the fruit growing periods were compared. Length and fruit weight decreased by delayed harvest. These characteristics were shown significant difference according to cultivars, but not to growing year. Dry matter ratio had a tendency to increase at the 3rd and 4th harvest. The red color as measured a${\times}$L values of pepper powder, increased with being later in harvesting, but the trend was uncertain. In fruit growth, fruit length showed a positive correlation with total accumulated air temperature in later growth period of fruits(from 1st to 20th day before harvesting), and fruit weight had relationships with accumulated air temperature and total amount of precipitation in later growth period of fruit. There was no relation between dry matter ratio and climate elements. The red color was shown high correlations with total amount of precipitation and duration of sunshine. There was highest coefficient of determination($r^2$) in all external characteristics.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to find out the optimum number of fruiting per a flower cluster on 5 domestic strawberry cultivars (Fragaria${\times}$ananassa Duch.), 'Daewang', 'Ssanta', 'Okmae', 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang'. Therefore, three ways of fruit thinning, 4~5 fruiting, 7~9 fruiting and all fruiting per a flower cluster were compared. After fruit thinning, the first fruit weights were increased from the second flower cluster on 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang', but from the third one on 'Daewang' and 'Ssanta'. There was no difference in first fruit weight by the flower thinning ways on 'Okmae'. The mean fruit weights of all the cultivars were increased and sugar contents also were increased, but acidities were decreased. The peduncle lengths were shortened by fruit thinning, but there was no difference in number of leaf, petiole length and crown diameter. Marketable yields by 4~5 fruiting per a flower cluster than all the fruit setting were higher 4.3% and 6.6% respectively on 'Daewang' and 'Maehyang'. In contrast, the yields were higher 3.1%, 3.5% and 9.1% in 7~9 fruiting per a flower cluster than all fruiting on 'Ssanta', 'Okmae' and 'Seolhyang' respectively. As the result, we could improve the fruit quality and could increase marketable yield by fruit thinning with matching flowering characteristics of those strawberry cultivars.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.383-386
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• 2000

To clarify the effects of application time of $GA_{4+7}$ paste (GA paste) on tree and fruit growth, fruit quality, and maturity of 'Kamcheonbae' and 'Whangkuembae' pears, GA paste of 25 mg each was applied directly to fruit stalk 25, 35, and 45 days after full bloom (DAFB). Later application of GA paste tended to increase the fruit weight of 'Kamcheonbae' pear. GA paste applied 45 DAFB increased the titratable acidity of the two cultivars. Fruit firmness of 'Kamcheonbae' was not affected by the GA paste treatment, while that of 'Whangkuembae' was increased by more than 20%. Fruit maturity of the two cultivars was hastened for 4 days by the GA paste treatment at any application time. Sharp increase in the fruit weight of the GA paste-treated 'Kamcheonbae' was noted from early July while that of control exhibited slow increase from early September. The initial growth pattern of 'Whangkeumbae' was similar to that of 'Kamcheonbae', but the growth slowed down from early September, regardless of the treatments.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2002

The efficient timer-controlled irrigation and the favorable fruiting position were investigated far highly quality melon fruits from Feb.18 to July Si 1999. The nutrient solution was supplied either at every hour from 6：00 to 18：00 (T-1) or at 6：00, 8：00, 10：00, 11：00, 12：00, 12：30, 13：00, 13：30, 14：00, 14：30, IS：00,16：00, and 17：00 (T-2). A fruit was set at the first node of the fruit bearing branch from the 10, 12, or 13th node of the main stem. Pot weight was maintained at almost n constant level, regardless of the daily integrated solar radiation in T-2. Soluble solids content (SSC) and fresh weight of fruit were not significantly different among the irrigation treatments at each harvesting time. At the first harvest, SSC and fresh weight of fruit were not significantly different between the fruiting positions within the irrigation treatment. At the second harvest, SSC was higher in T-2 than T-1. The SSC was low in the fruit of the loth node in T-1, while it was not significantly different between fruiting positions in T-2. Fruit fresh weight was the highest at the 12 and 13th nodes in T-1, and the 13th node in T-2. Fresh and dry weights of leaf except petiole, regardless of harvesting time, increased as the node position was higher, The higher the fruiting position was, the lower the leaf weight was. Therefore, it is recommended to irrigate more frequently during the mid-noon. Fruits can be harvested earlier at the lower nodes in the spring crop production.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제4권
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• pp.12-17
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• 1986

Six genetic populations, viz, $P_1$, $P_2$, $F_1$, $F_2$, $B_1$, and $B_2$ of three crosses involving five varieties ($342{\times}$Kimjanggochu, Masan${\times}$Hungarian was, and Masan${\times}$Jeju) were used for estimating heterosis, heterobeltiosis, inbreeding depression, genetic components, heritability and correlations for fresh and dry anatomical components of red pepper. The results obtained were summarized as follows. Heterosis was positive in most characters of three crosses and heterobeltiosis was negative except in cross $342{\times}$Kimjanggochu. Inbreeding depression was positive, showing decrease of weight in $F_2$ generation. Duplicate and complimentary type of epistasis were concerned with the expression of characters, and broad and narrow sense heritabilities of fruit weight and pericarp weight were fairly high and stem weight, placenta weight and seed weight were low. Correlations among the anatomical components were positively significant in fresh and dry weights.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 한국안전학회 1998년도 추계 학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.15-20
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• 1998

우리나라의 많은 콘크리트 구조물이 장기간의 과중한 사용과 열악한 환경의 영향으로 취약해진 것으로 나타나고 있어서 유지와 보수가 제대로 이루어지지 않을 경우 안전사고로 연결될 수도 있다. 따라서 경제적이고 효과적인 콘크리트 구조물 안전진단법의 개발과 감시 시스템의 구축이 절실히 필요하게 되었다. (중략)

• 건강소식
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.34-35
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• 2008

스트레스는 현대를 사는 모든 이들의 화두이다. 특히 매일 시계추처럼 판에 박힌 생활을 하는 직장인들은 과중한 업무와 대인관계, 가정생활에 이르기까지 끝도 없이 스트레스에 시달리고 있다. 그렇다고 직장인들이 스트레스를 효과적으로 관리하고 있는가 하면 그것도 아니다. 오히려 잦은 술과 담배로 피곤에 지쳐 더 큰 스트레스에 시달리고 있는 것이 현실이다. 식습관부터 변화시켜 스트레스를 이겨내자. 당신에게 중요한 것은 일이 아니라 당신의 건강이다.