• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.453-465
• /
• 2000

Background : Lung carcinogenesis is a multistage process involving alterations in multiple genes and diverse pathway. Mutational activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and subsequent increased genetic instability are the major genetic events. The p53 gene and FHIT gene as tumor suppressor genes contribute to the pathogenesis of lung cancer, evidenced by mutation, microsatellite instability(MI) and loss of heterozygosity(LOH). Methods : We analysed genetic mutations of p53 and FHIT gene in 29 surgical specimens of nonsmall cell lung cancer using PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism, DNA sequencing and RT-PCR. MI and LOH were analyzed in loci of D3S1285, D9S171, and TP53. Results : In 2 cases, point mutation of p53 gene was observed on exon 5. MI of 3 times and LOH of 14 times were observed in at least one locus. In terms of the location of microsatellite, D3S1285 as a marker of FH1T was observed in 5 cases out of 26 specimens; D9S171 as a marker of p16 in 5 out of 17; and TP53 as a marker of p53 in 7 out of 27. In view of histologic type, squamous cell carcinoma presented higher frequency of microsatellite alteration, compared to others. Mutation of FHIT gene was observed in 11 cases and 6 cases of those were point mutation as a silent substitution on exon 8. FHIT mRNA expression exhibited deletion on exon 6 to 9 in 4 cases among 15 specimens, presenting beta-actin normally. Conclusion : Our results show comparable frequency of genetic alteration in nonsmall cell lung cancer to previous studies of Western countries. Microsatellite analysis might have a role as a tumor marker especially in squamous cell carcinoma. Understanding molecular abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis could potentially lead to prevention, earlier diagnosis and the development of novel investigational approaches to the treatment of lung cancer.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.13 no.12
• /
• pp.149-167
• /
• 2013

This study focuses how storytelling in advertising has introduced and determinated mobile telecommunication technology as a digital technology in the process of its rapid acceptance into our society. The objective of the study is to confirm the role of advertising in introducing technology into a society and the relation between advertising and technology by chasing the digital discourse produced by advertising while digital technology permeates through our society. This study uses content analysis for basic research and discourse analysis for exploring the change of digital discourse in the corporate ads of mobile telecommunication companies since 15 years. As a result, 1) 'digital' and 'analogue' discourses were found to be competing and contesting with each other across the years. Digital discourse mainly connected to a new mode of thinking and lifestyle appeared predominant in the early period, but eventually gave way to its alternative, analogue dialogue. The analogue discourse was brought with such values as humanity, slowness and happiness, which has been by and large undermined by the new, fancy digital technologies and their world, 2) whereas some mixed forms of these two discourses were also found. 3) In the meantime, digital-based mobile communication technologies were identified with people who think outside of box and have an innovative attitude toward their life in the ads. Through this signification process, the ads contribute to permeation of mobile communication technology into our daily life.

• 한국사회정책
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.141-172
• /
• 2016

This study examines the employment conditions and labour experience of elementary after-school care teachers in South Korea. Based on the empirical data collected through in-depth interviews with after-school care teachers in Gwangju Metropolitan City, the study considers multifaceted problems faced by after-school care teachers in their workplace. The after-school care class is part of educational policies initiated and rapidly expanded by the Ministry of Education, resulting in the substantial increase of non-regular school workers. The irregularization of after-school care teachers illustrates that the common problems faced by female non-regular workers, such as social discrimination, exclusion and inequality, are also transplanted into the typical public sector. In the case of Gwangju Metropolitan City, during the past two years there have been evident increases both in under 15-hour short time contract care teachers and outsourcing of care classes. Temporary part-time contract care teachers suffer relentless job insecurity and experience poor working conditions, exclusion and discrimination within the workplace and labour alienation. In order to minimize the organized resistance of care teachers, school authorities implicitly individualize and isolate care teachers through hierarchization, the division of labour and the spatial division of classes between indefinite and temporary contract teachers.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• v.34
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2022

Objectives: The purpose is to evaluate dosimetric performance and delivery efficiency of VMAT with Halcyon LINAC for double target spine SBRT Materials and Methods: 12 patients with spine oligometastases were retrospectively studied. Single-isocenter spine SBRT plans was established using Halcyon® with Dual Layer MLC and Truebeam® with High Definition MLC. All patients' plans were created in Eclipse TPS through the identical conditions and optimization. C.I, H.I, G.I (Gradient Index), maximal and volumetric doses to spinal cord and low dose area were evaluated for comparison of both plans. Also, total MU and BOT(Beam On Time) were evaluated. Results: Halcyon plans was no Statistical differences in C.I and H.I. However, the average of G.I was 4.64 for Halcyon, which decreased to 5.5% compared to Truebeam (P<0.001). Halcyon plans demonstrated statistically significant reduced G.I. The average of 50% and 25% isodose volume was 487.56 cc (-3.82%, P<0.001), 1859.45 cc (-4.75%, P<0.001) in Halcyon, respectively. Significantly reduced low dose spill were observed in Halcyon plans. In the evaluation of the spinal cord, the average of Dmean and V10 of Halcyon plans in the sample group with an overlap volume of less than 1 cc was 6.802 Gy (-3.504%, P=0.067), 5.766±1.683 cc (-8.199%, P=0.002), respectively. Halcyon plans demonstrated statistically significant reduced D_mean and V10. For delivery efficiency, MU and BOT(maximum dose rate for each machine), on average, increased in Halcyon plans. However, the average of BOT(800MU/min for each machine) was 648.33 sec for Halcyon (-1.74%, P<0.001). Conclusion: Halcyon plan for double-target spine SBRT demonstrated advantages in the low dose area with a steep dose gradient, while having dosimetrically equivalent target dose distribution and spinal cord protective effect. As a result, Halcyon LINAC produced a dosimetrically improved plan for double-target spine SBRT.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
• /
• no.48
• /
• pp.210-252
• /
• 2016

Community creates, receives and preserves the records, which made the community members and the entire society remember their history. As for community archives, archival appraisal is very political activity because appraisal of community records means whose memory remain alive in history. This study aims to analyze archival appraisal theories from the perspective of community and community archives, and suggest appraisal model for community archives. This study begins with examining the meaning of community archives and appraisal related issues including; i) community identity and independence of archives, ii) struggle of memory and multiple narratives, iii) uniqueness of each community and its archives, and iv) community archives as memory process and social inclusion. At the next stage, it deals with the archival theories from Schellenberg's archival values theory to macro-appraisal, to investigate possible application of theories for community records appraisal. It finds that the societal approach of macro-appraisal have advantage to appraise the community records. This study finally suggests the appraisal model for community archives by modifying the macro-appraisal components as well as by complying the principles of community archives. The model consists of the purpose and object of appraisal, principle and basis of valuation, and cooperation model between mainstream repository and community.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
• /
• 2009.12a
• /
• pp.299-299
• /
• 2009

유기농업에서 유기자원을 이용하여 적정량의 양분을 공급하기 위해서는 먼저 유기자원의 무기화특성을 고려하여야 한다. 토성, 기온, 재배형태 등 다양한 요인을 고려하면서 무기화모델을 이용하여 유기농업에서 많이 사용되고 있는 유기질비료와 작물잔사 등을 대상으로 잠재 무기화가능 질소량(PMN, Potentially mineralizabe nitrogen)을 추정하였다. 실험은 실내에서 항온 배양하여 유기자원별 질소 무기화 양상을 분석함으로서 대상 유기자원의 PMN 및 무기화 속도를 도출하였다. 실험재료는 팜박, 피마자박, 팽화왕겨, 토마토, 수박, 감자, 마늘 등 7종을 대상으로 $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 하였으며, 최대수분보유량의 60% 수준으로 하여 사양토 및 식양토 조건에서 실험하였다. 유기자원은 토양 100g에 질소 30kg/10a 해당량을 시용하여 112일까지 항온하였다. 토성별 무기화량은 식양토 보다 사양토에서 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 또한 항온온도가 높을수록 무기화량이 증가하였다. 유기자원별로는 피마자박에서 높았고, 팽화왕겨는 낮은 경향이었다. 유기자원이 처리된 것에서 토양 자체의 무기화량을 뺀 순무기화량은 피마자박, 토마토잔사, 감자잔사가 항온초기부터 무기화가 진행되었으며, 수박잔사, 마늘잔사는 항온 초기에 음의 값을 가지는 유기화 과정을 거친 후 항온 60일에서 80일 사이에서 무기화가 진행되었고 팽화왕겨의 경우 항온 11일까지 유기화가 계속되었다. PMN 및 무기화속도를 추정하기 위하여 반응속도식을 이용하였으며, 모델의 적합도를 높이기 위하여 이중지수모형을 이용하여 매개변수를 결정하고 무기화경향을 예측한 결과 PMN은 피마자박>마늘잔사=팜박>수박잔사=토마토잔사>감자잔사의 순이었다. 또한 유기자원의 무기화량과 C/N율과는 부의 상관관계($r^2$=0.8653)를 나타내었다. 요소의 PMN(135.6mg/kg)에 대한 유기자원별 PMN의 상대적 비율은 피마자박이 100%, 팜박과 마늘잔사가 81%, 토마토, 수박 및 감자잔사가 28~65% 수준이었다.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.29
• /
• pp.115-137
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to look into impacts of career barriers and college major satisfactions on career preparation behaviors of Security major college students. The subjects of this study were collected among 200 security major students attending universities in Choungnam and Junnam Provinces, and 170 out of 200 were analyzed. Based on collected data, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and one-way ANOVA were conducted using SPSS 18.0. According to the result, career barriers showed negative correlations on career preparation behaviors, and self-concept clarity deficiency showed significant impact on it. College major satisfactions showed positive correlations, and major satisfaction showed significant impact on it. Also result shows college junior and senior students experience less career barriers compare to freshman and sophomore students, and college junior and senior students were more satisfied on the college major satisfactions as well. The study has found important implications of impacts of career barriers and college major satisfaction on career preparation behaviors. In long term, the finding of the study seem to provide useful insights for security major students and Human Resource Personnel to execute the process of career preparations and related counseling effectively.

• Women's Studies Review
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.93-116
• /
• 2014

This thesis discussed the status of women workers as wage laborers and home laborers and the valid of a documentary movie for representing women laborers through a documentary movie, Weabak that revolved around Home-ever occupation strike leaded E-Land labor union at 30th June, 2007. Jobs for women labors got covered by the flow of flexibility with the policy of labor flexibility in South Korea during 1990s. The reasons that justify this trend are their position in the households, and their roles in working places are not very important because there are not required difficult skills. The mass dismissal which caused the E-Land strike also shared these ideologies. In Weabak, since women laborers were always expected to care for their family, they were need strikes in their home as well as their working place. However, a household is a basement for them to get the identity as a women laborer. It has two ambivalent meanings, as a protected area and disorder for them to pursue their life at the same time. Identity of Women laborers, domestic laborers as well as wage laborers, are very difficult to identify as a general noun, a laborer. Weabak is an important example to show us the possibility of a documentary as searching new realism for representing women laborers' story using their own perspective.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.1731-1736
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 체가름 시험을 통해 얻은 대표입경으로 조도계수를 산정하고 그 산정된 조도계수의 효용을 검정하고자 하였다. 체가름 분석을 통해 입도곡선을 작성하고 대표입경을 구함으로서 기 수립된 공식에 의한 조도계수를 산정하였다. 산정된 조도계수는 HEC-HMS의 하도추적 방법 중에 하나인 Muskingum-Cunge 8 point 방법과 HEC-RAS의 부정류 해석을 이용한 방법으로 얻은 조도계수를 비교하였다. HEC-HMS의 경우 대상유역인 오산천 유역에 대해 선행연구과정으로 저수지 방류량을 고려한 강우-유출 모형의 매개변수 추정에 관한 연구가 이뤄졌다(2006, 이아름). 선행연구에서는 계산된 유량과 실측 유량을 비교하여 Clark 단위도 방법의 매개변수를 추정하여 그 중 빈도가 큰 유출사상의 경우에 Sabol 식에 의한 모의 결과가 첨두유량의 재현성이 우수하게 나타남을 확인했다. 따라서 HEC-HMS 모형은 Clark 단위도 방법의 매개변수는 Sabol의 식에 의해 모형을 구성하고 2001년, 2002년, 2004년, 2005년의 사상에 대해 강우량, 기흥 저수지와 이동저수지의 실제 방류량을 이용해 유출량을 산정하였다. 이중 오산천 유역에 대해 선행연구에서 사용된 Muskingum의 하도추적 방법은 Muskingum-Cunge 8 point 방법으로 변경하여 대상유역에서의 조도계수를 산정하였다. HEC-RAS 모형의 부정류 해석은 2002년과 2005년의 사상으로서 상류단 경계조건으로 기흥 저수지의 방류량을 유량수문곡선으로 이용하였고, 하류단 경계조건으로는 회화수위관측소의 수위수문곡선을 이용했다. 대표입경을 이용해 얻은 조도계수를 HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS를 통해 검정한 결과 실측된 유량과 수위를 비교적 잘 재현해 내는 것으로 나타났으나, 조도계수의 보정을 통한 재현 유량과 수위를 비교했을 때, 대표입경을 통해 얻은 조도계수가 보정 조도계수보다 다소 작은 것으로 해석되었다.하고자 한다.해결책을 얻어내는 상호보완적인 결과를 추구한다. 그가 디자인하는 작품은 전형적인 이미지를 내포하지 않는다. 즉 그의 작품은 기존의 가치와 이념적인 것은 배제하고, 창의적인 개념을 도출하였다.형모서리는 건물 특화 성격이 강하므로 불가피할 경우 소형 액센트 광고 위치를 미리 벽면으로 할애하는 것이 경관 및 입면계획에 유리한 것으로 분석되었다. 불확실도 해석모형 등의 새로운 기능을 추가하여 제시하였다. 모든 입출력자료는 프로젝트 단위별로 운영되어 data의 관리가 손쉽도록 하였으며 결과를 DB에 저장하여 다른 모형에서도 적용할 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고 HyGIS-HMS 및 HyGIS-RAS 모형에서 강우-유출-하도 수리해석-범람해석 등이 일괄되게 하나의 시스템 내에서 구현될 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서 HyGIS와 통합된 수리, 수문모형은 국내 하천 및 유역에 적합한 시스템으로서 향후 HydroInformatics 구현을 염두에 둔 특화된 국내 수자원 분야 소프트웨어의 개발에 기본 토대를 제공할 것으로 판단된다.았다. 또한 저자들의 임상병리학적 연구결과가 다른 문헌에서 보고된 소아 신증후군의 연구결과와 큰 차이를 보이지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 자극에 차이가 있지 않나 추측되며 이에 관한 추후 연구가 요망된다. 총대장통과시간의 단축은 결장 분절 모두에서 줄어들어 나타났으나 좌측결장 통과시간의 감소 및 이로 인한 이 부위의 통과시간 비율의 저하가 가장 주요하였다. 이러한 결과는 차가운 생수 섭취가 주로 결장 근위부를 자극하는 효과를 발휘하는 것이 아닌가 해석된다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 통해 생다시마를 주원료로 개발된 생다시마차와 생다시마 음료가 만성 기능성 변비 증세를 개선하는 효능이 잠재적으로 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 생약제재의 변비약 수준으로 변비 개선 효능을 증대하기 위해서는 재료 배합비의 개선이나 대장 운동기능을 향상시키는 유효성분의 보강 등이 필요하다는 점도 알 수 있었다.더불어

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.31 no.4 s.54
• /
• pp.343-347
• /
• 2005

As aging occurs, ow skin gets more wrinkles, becomes drier and loses its elasticity. Validating the evaluation of skin elasticity is especially important, because it is not as visible as other signs of aging such as wrinkles. Here, we identified the correlation between age and the Parameters given by Cutometer, and (we present) the parameters of that reflect the decreases in skin elasticity along with ages (Ur/Uf, Ua/Uf, Ur/Ue, Ua, $r=0.687{\sim}0.725$). Also we developed an evaluation method to quantify the difference of skin by viewing or touching. A five-grade standard of Moire topographic photo scale on face was prepared using sensory evaluation of 20 to 61 year - old women. Based on this photo standard, scoring was performed using (a) 5-grade system by three specialists to obtain the consensus score. Significant negative correlations between age and results of Cutometer $(r=-0.687{\sim}-0.725)$, Moire topography scores (r=-938) were found. Finally we have shown the significance of the correlation between the result of Cutometer and the score of Moire topography (r=0.711). Our studies using Moire topography on face have confirmed that instrumental measurements reflect the decrease in shin elasticity, which is perceived visually.