• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2014

This study was carried out to understand the physiological characteristics of early-matured 'Hanareum' (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) pears through anatomical structure and fruit characteristics and also the changes according to gibberellin (GA) treatment. The pericarp at full bloom consists of outer epidermis, hypodermis, parenchyma cell, and inner epidermis from the exterior and five types of vascular bundle tissues. Cork cell layer was formed at 70 days after full bloom (DAFB) in non-treated fruits and formed at 60 DAFB in GA treated fruits. Cell division period was from full bloom (FB) to 40 DAFB and then fruit enlargement was accomplished by the cell growth. Comparison of the fruit enlargement and fruit structure development by GA treatment or non-treatment showed that cell division of 'Hanaerum' fruits did not affect the GA treatment but fruit enlargement was affected cell growth. Fruit stalk of GA treatment fruits was larger than non-treated fruits from 40 DAFB which correspond to the period of the stop of cell division and 'Hanareum' was regarded GA treatment expedite of vascular bundle tissue growth and relatively increased nutrient transport to fruit. In addition to, average fruit quality between the non-treatment and GA treatment showed that fruit weight was higher in fruits treated by GA but firmness was lower and probably was effected fruit storing in 'Hanareum' pear.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.298-304
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• 1996

The fruit wall anatomy of Ocotea was investigated on the basis of 14 species within the genus to contribute to a better understanding of specific relationships and homogeneity of genus. The species have a similar mature fruit wall structure, but diUerences among the species are found with respect to whether or not sdc.nchyma cells are present in the mesocarp. if present, whether or not they are present in particular positions and forms. Comparisons with species studied suggested that at least a few groups of species can be distinguished in Ocotea. They arc divided into five groups on the basis of anatomical structures. i.e., group 1) O. atrriensis, O. cujumari, O. helicterifolia, O. rubra and O. schomburgkiana; group 2) O. aeiphylla, O. javitensis, and O. sp. [Werff et ai. 12676]; group 3) O. tonduzii: group 4) O. foetens, O. quixos, and O. veraguensis; and group 5) O. floribunda and O. nitida. These various variations in Ocntea were also discussed to invite its respective systematic revisions. By the comparisons with species, on the other hand, it suggested that the specialized species are evolved from non-specialized species.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.373-377
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• 2000

This study was carried out to verify the effect of fruit thinning on fruit development, and the results were as follows. The number of cells between fruit epidermis and periphery vascular bundle during 35 to 184 days after full bloom (DAFB) were constant with 14~17 cells, regardless of thinning at pink bud stage, fruitlet stage or non-thinning. However, the distance between epidermis and vascular bundle was longest in the fruit thinned at pink stage followed by fruits thinned at fruitlet stage and control. Therefore, it was seemed that the fruit size increment during 35 to 184 DAFB was due to the increment of cell size. Thinning time affected fruit size and the earlier the thinning times were the bigger the fruits were. However, there were no direct relationships between thinning time and the starch or tannin particle development in the cells of the fruit.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.368-372
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• 2000

The fruit structure of 'Fuji' apples from full bloom to maturing was observed from 1997 to 1998. Cell division period of the fruit was found to be 4 to 5 weeks after full bloom. Vascular bundles in the inner part of the fruit skin which were not described in the books illustrating apple fruit structure was observed, as they were tentatively named as outer vascular bundles (OVB), and another vascular bundles were also observed newly in periphery of locules, as they were tentatively named as inner vascular bundles (IVB). In the observation of the inner epidermis (IE) in the inner part of the locules on 2 days prior to full bloom, the guard cells were observed and these were disappeared in the observation made 2 days later, i.e. on full bloom. The formation of fruit skin was observed at the microscope 65 days after full bloom and the number of cell which organized the fruit skin did not change from this time to maturation period. Tannin which is mainly in the fruit skin changing from continuously during fruit growth, specially the tannin of epidermis disappeared completely 100 days after full bloom stage, and then constituted again. Starch was not almost found out in cell division period of fruit from full bloom stage after this time it constituted much at flesh part and decreased at maturation period. Epidermis was developed by uniform cells of a layer the cell of epidermis constituted irregularity after pigmentation stage, the organization of fruit was not close because the very big intercellular space constituted at hypodermis and flesh structure.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.339-343
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• 2021

This study was conducted to compare the shoot development and fruit characteristics on fruit bearing branch (FBB) according to the fruiting level (FLs: FL-Low, -Middle, -High) of peach 'Cheonhong'. The number of shoots per FBB according to the FLs were most distributed in 1-2 (42%) of FL-Low, 1 (47%) of FL-Middle and 1 (42%) of FL-High. And fruit weight and soulable solide content were 210-270g (50%) and 10-12Brix (44%), 180-240g (60%) and 10-12Brix (59%), 180-240g (60%) and 11-13Brix (48%), respectively. In addition, only FL-High showed a linear regression correlation between fruit weight and number of shoots. And a linear regression equation of y=0.0126x+8.1857 (R²=0.1964, P≤0.01) is shown between the souble solid content (y) and the fruit weight (x).

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.184-184
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• 2017

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.572-576
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• 1997

Effect of anoxia treatment on alcohol fermentation in the placenta of oriental melons (Cucumis melo) at different developmental stages was studied. Results showed that fruits at the rapid growth stage (stage III) contained the lowest amount of acetaldehyde and ethanol as compared with fruits at other developmental stages. During anoxia treatment, a steady increase in ethanol content was observed in the placenta of oriental melons, regardless of their developmental stages, while the increment of acetaldehyde content was relatively small. Alcohol dehydrogenase in growing and maturing stage fruits showed increased activity with the maximum value at one day after the onset of anoxia treatment and then decreased gradually. An increase in the activity of pyruvate decarboxylase was also observed during anoxia.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.234-240
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• 2008

Anthocyanin synthesis in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv Maehyang) begins approximately 26 days postflowering and continued throughout fruit ripening. A set of cDNA clones encoding the anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes were isolated from strawberry. A pair of primers were designed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) through the comparison of the nucleotide sequences of homologous genes from diverse plants. Reverse transcriptase-PCRs were performed using cDNA synthesized from ripe fruit total RNA and the primers corresponding to each gene. Eight genes of the anthocyanin pathway were cloned and confirmed by sequencing to code for phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-cummarate CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidine synthase (ANS), UDP-glucose:flavonoid-3-O-glucosyl-transferase (UFGT). Northern analyses showed that the corresponding genes were differentially expressed during the fruit development process. All genes except PAL were predominantly expressed in fruit. Expression of PAL, DFR and ANS was detected 10 days postflowering at the early stage of fruit development, declined for a while and sharply increased 22 days postflowering then showed a peak 34 days postflowering. The other genes, however, were not expressed up to 22 or 30 days postflowering when the initial fruit ripening events occur at the time of initiation of anthocyanin accumulation. The onset of anthocyanin synthesis in ripening strawberry coincides with a coordinated induction of the anthocyanin pathway genes, suggesting the involvement of regulatory genes. We propose that at least two different regulatory mechanisms playa role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin during color development of strawberry.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to identify the chronological growth characteristics of Gaeryangmeoru grapes, by observation of the developmental process of the axillary bud, fruit quality, and anatomical structure of the pericarp. No necrosis of axillary buds was observed, irrespective of node position of the shoot, from shoot occurrence to leaf fall. Berry weight, cluster weight, soluble solid content and titratable acidity were analyzed to be 1.2 g, 128.8 g, $16.9^{\circ}Brix$, and 1.57%, respectively, at maturity. The sugar was composed of fructose and glucose, with a ratio of 1:1 (fructose: glucose) at maturity. Malic acid was predominant among the organic acids, and conformed to the changes of chronological titratable acidity. Sugar and organic acid content changed dramatically starting a week before veraison. The degraded ovules were observed before and after fertilization, and the pericarp was composed of one epidermis, and seven to ten hypodermis layers at maturity.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.378-382
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• 2000

For the production of second crop in 'Campbell Early' grape, the primary shoots were pruned at 3rd, 6th or 9th nodes from the shoot bases on 13 days, 23 days and 33 days after full bloom date on 7th June. Secondary shoots were sprouted 7~8 days after the pruning, and it took 19~25 days for the flowering on the secondary shoots. The flower cluster number on secondary shoots were 2.8 for 13 days after full bloom, and 3.2 for 23 days and 33 days after full bloom, meaning little effect by pruning time. The 3rd node pruning produced 2~2.4 flower clusters with flower cluster length of 9.3~10.4 cm, while the 6th or 9th node pruning produced 3.1~3.8 flower clusters with flower cluster length of 12~14.9 cm, showing superior flower cluster length for the 6th or 9th node pruning. The secondary shoots developed from the buds pruned 13 days after full bloom with pruning bud positions of 6th nodes demonstrated superior fruits with higher soluble solids and lower acidity than the rest of the pruning times and positions.