• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1214-1218
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• 2005

지금까지 국내에서의 수질개선을 위한 노력은 점오염원에 대한 저감만을 중심으로 진행되어 왔기 때문에, 보다 획기적인 수질개선을 위해서는 비점오염에 대한 연구와 관리가 진행되어야 한다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 도시지역, 농촌지역, 임야지역의 토지이용특성이 다른 3유역을 대상으로 현장연구를 실시하여 비점오염물질의 발생특성 및 유역별 비교를 실시하였다. 측정은 도시지역의 가장 큰 오염원인 CSOs(Combined Sewer Overflows)에 대하여 측정을 실시하였고, 농촌지역 및 임야지역의 경우 각 유역의 출구 지점에서 측정을 실시하였다. 강우특성이 다른 15개의 강우사상을 대상으로 유량 및 SS, TCOD, TN, TP의 항목에 대하여 한 강우사상당 $15\~20$회의 측정을 실시하였다. 각각의 강우사상에 대하여 EMCs(Event Mean Concentrations)를 산출하여 도시지역, 농촌지역, 임야지역의 각 유역에 대한 확률별 EMCs를 산정한 결과 3개 유역의 EMCs는 도시지역>농촌지역>임야지역 순으로 나타났다. $EMC_{TCOD}$는 도시지역과 농촌임야지역간에 가장 큰 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, $EMC_{TN}$에서 가장 작은 차이가 나타났다. 각 유역별 EMCs의 로그-정규 확률그래프의 분산계수를 비교한 결과 농촌임야지역은 도시지역에 비하여 오염물질의 농도 변화가 강우특성에 따라 보다 큰 변화를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 연구유역에서 $EMC_{TN}$의 발생확률 $50\% 값이 도시지역은 17.0mg/L, 농촌임야지역은 4.5mg/L로 나타났으며, 이는 유사한 유역특성을 나타내는 타 지역에서의 연구자료를 분석 값과 매우 유사한 크기를 가지는 것으로 나타났다.를 분석하였다. 실험을 수행하여 보다 정밀한 공식으로 개선할 수 있었다.$10,924m^3/s$ 및 $10,075m^3/s$로서 실험 I의 $2,757m^3/s$에 비해 통수능이 많이 개선되었음을 알 수 있다.함을 알 수 있다. 상수관로 설계 기준에서는 관로내 수압을 $1.5\~4.0kg/cm^2$으로 나타내고 있는데 $6kg/cm^2$보다 과수압을 나타내는 경우가 $100\%$로 밸브를 개방하였을 때보다 $60\%,\;80\%$ 개방하였을 때가 더 빈번히 발생하고 있으므로 대상지역의 밸브 개폐는 $100\%$ 개방하는 것이 선계기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 밸브 개폐에 따른 수압 변화를 모의한 결과 밸브 개폐도를 적절히 유지하여 필요수량의 확보 및 누수방지대책에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.8R(mm)(r^2=0.84)$로 지수적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유거수량은 토성별로 양토를 1.0으로 기준할 때 사양토가 0.86으로 가장 작았고, 식양토 1.09, 식토 1.15로 평가되어 침투수에 비해 토성별 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이는 토성이 세립질일 수록 유거수의 저항이 작기 때문으로 생각된다. 경사에 따라서는 경사도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며 $10\% 경사일 때를 기준으로 $Ro(mm)=Ro_{10}{\times}0.797{\times}e^{-0.021s(\%)}$로 나타났다.천성 승모판 폐쇄 부전등을 초래하는 심각한 선천성 심질환이다. 그러나 진단 즉시 직접 좌관상동맥-대동맥 이식술로 수술적 교정을 해줌으로써 좋은 성적을 기대할 수 있음을 보여주었다.특히 교사들이 중요하게 인식하는 해

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2001

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the organic and natural farming techniques, the actual conditions of the techniques were surveyed and some crops were cultivated in situ. The contents of available $P_2O_5$, exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$ and organic matter of the organic and natural farming soil as well as soil pH were higher than those of the non-organic and non-natural farming soil, and especially the content of organic matter amounting 54.0 g/kg was dominant. Income of the farmers cultivating the different crops with the organic and natural farming was high in order of red pepper in vinyl house > cucumber in vinyl house > fruit(pear) > lettuce in vinyl house > rice. The agricultural materials used in organic and natural farming were ranged from 22 to 25 kinds, representing low pH amounted from 2.9 to 4.5 and low contents of fertilizer ingredients. The expense for purchasing the materials was from three to five times higher than that of soil testing plot. The yields of test crops in the organic and natural farming plots were lower than those of soil testing plot, and the efficiencies of the disease and pest control by the application of the substitutes for pesticide were lower than those by pesticides.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.264-270
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• 2016

This study was conducted to compare of the pesticide residue amounts in fruit trees applied by different sprayers and spray volumes. Apple tree was used as a sample tree, and speed sprayer, power sprayer and knapsack motorized sprayer were tested. For similar sprayer and spray volume, the concentration of fluquinconazole and flusilazole in apple leaves were obtained respectively, for speed sprayer 8.33 and 2.15 mg/kg, for power sprayer 4.56 and 1.10 mg/kg, and for knapsack 4.55 and 1.12 mg/kg. The results showed that the treatment using speed sprayer had highest efficiency. The pesticide residues in apple leaves sprayed by 3 different spray volumes (560, 336 and 230 L/10a) using speed sprayer were 10.76 mg/kg, 8.32 mg/kg, 6.04 mg/kg on fluqinconazle and 3.04 mg/kg, 2.14 mg/kg and 1.47 mg/kg on flusilazole, respectively, indicating that the higher the volume, the higher the residues. The results from this study can be used as scientific basis for evaluating the field trial data for pesticide registration and the spray volume setting for fruit trees in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2017

The previous study showed that die-back of apple trees caused by soil-borne diseases was significantly high in the apple orchards in Chungbuk province. The correlation between dieback ratio and cultivation environment in apple orchards infected by soil-borne diseases was investigated in this study. The dieback ratio of five orchards diseased by violet root rot and five places infected by white root rot showed significantly positive correlation with Ca content and available $P_2O_5$ content in soil, respectively. Whereas, the dieback ratio of fourteen orchards diseased by Phytophthora root rot was not significant. Subgrouping of cultivation environment analysis showed that the slope degree of orchard and the number of fruit setting also affected the dieback ratio caused by violet root rot and Ca content in soil also affected the dieback ratio caused by white root rot. It showed that the slope degree, soil texture, Mg and Ca content affected the dieback ratio caused by Phytophthora root rot. These results can be applied to reduce die-back ratio by the modification cultivation environment for each soil-borne disease.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.57-60
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• 2007

A rhizopus soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer occurred sporadically on grape in orchard in Gyeongsang-nam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services and in Wholesale Market of Agricultural Products in Jinju city. The infected fruits were rapidly water-soaked, softened and eventually rotted, and the symptoms were initiated from wounds or cracks occurred at harvest time. Sporangiophores were $850{\sim}1,800{\mu}m$ in length and $12{\sim}23{\mu}m$ in width. Sporangia were globose or hemispheric and $80{\sim}190{\mu}m$ in size. The color of sporangia was white and cottony at first and gradually to brownish black, bearing abundant spores when it matured. Columella were hemispheric and $70{\sim}95{\mu}m$ in size. Sporangiospores were irregular round or oval, brownish-black streaked and $8{\sim}22{\times}6{\sim}10{\mu}m$ in size. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of the fungus on PDA was 25$^{\circ}C$. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to grape (Vitis vinifera), the causal fungus was identified as Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenberg ex. Fr,) Lind. This is the first report of Rhizopus soft rot by R. stolonifer on grape (V. vinifera) in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2015

Grapholita molesta (GM) has been considered as a major problem to apple and peach orchards. Mating disrupters have been applied to control the pest over the world as an Integrated Pest Management [IPM] tool. Various types of dispensers releasing mating disrupters have been developed with different formulation of wax, polyethylene tube and aerosol. In this study, the dispensers that were composed of ester waxes and polypropylene (PP) film were used as dispenser materials to analyze release pattern of GM pheromone compared with paraffin wax and polyethylene (PE) film. The release pattern in PP film group was consistent with time while PE film group irregular. Based on these results, Japan wax_PP film dispenser (Japan_PP) was manufactured and showed the mating disruption effect of 98% during 5months in peach orchard.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.13 no.4 s.21
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• pp.209-216
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• 1974

Life history and control methods of Aphanostigma iakusuiense Kishida were studied during April to November, 1974, in the Naju pear orchard area, Cholla Namdo. The results are summarized as follows: 1. More than $60\%$ of wintering eggs were found at the height of 1.5 to 2.0m from the soil surface, with approximately $10\%$ at 0.5 to 1.5m and 1.5 to 2.5m respectively. 2. There was little difference in the size of egg masses and hatching ratio $(12.7-13.7\%)$ between the varieties of host trees, Mansamkil and Kooksoo. 3. Hatching was not observed until April 6, but hatches of $12.8\%$ on April 13 and $90.6\%$ on May 4 were found. 4. During the hatching season in early spring, 8 chemicals were applied to test effectiveness of control. C8514, Metasystox, Acar 338, and Parathion were more effective than either Sevin or Malix for control of this insect. 5. Highest populations of pear phylloxera ocurred from August 20 to September 20 at which time levels of eggs and larvae were simillar in abundance. 6. In tests for control of this insect after in paper bags, DDVP, Loxon, C8514, Sevin, and Binapacryl were more effective than either EPN or Otran. 7. Predacious mite, Protolaelape pygmaeus Miller, and several species of lady beetles (Coccinellidae) preying on this insect as natural enemies were collected. The predation ratio of mites varied according to region: that is 0.77 to $18.6\%$ in Bia Orchard; $7.88-48.7\%$ in Noan Orchard and almost none in Youngsanoo Orchard. 8. The varietal difference in fruit damage by this insect was in the order of Choseng Chuck, Kooksoo, followed by Sin Ko, Mansamkil, Keumchon Choo, and Changsimrang.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.367-372
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• 2011

An unknown planthopper was discovered in 2010 in an apple orchard in Sinpoong-myun, Gongju-si and in a blueberry orchard in Deogsan-myun, Yesan-gun. This pest have arrived 4 or 5 years ago and the population density then rapidly increased. It was identified as Ricania sp. by Dr. Murray J. Fletcher. Adult Ricania sp. was found on 26 plants including blueberry, grape, peach, sumac, japanese angelica, jujube, kiwi, Rubus coreanus, apple, apricot, plum and chestnut. Females lay eggs on 1-year-old branches. The mean number of eggs laid on apple and plum were 18.7 and 15.3, respectively. The mean length of egg masses on apple and plum were 12.35 and 11.45 mm, respectively. The distance between eggs laid on apple and plum branchs were 1.3 and 1.5 mm, respectively. The mean number of eggs in the same length of egg mass on apple and plum branchs were 17.1 and 13.3, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.141-141
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• 2012

비점오염물질은 강우 시 유출되기 때문에 일간, 계절 간 유출량 변화가 대단히 크게 나타나며, 기후, 지형, 토지이용, 토양 등과 지역적인 특성과 유역 형상에 따라 변화되므로 비점오염원 유출량에 대한 정량화를 위해서는 강우지속시간동안 정확한 수질과 유량에 대한 측정 자료가 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 비점오염물질에 대해 현장 모니터링 및 현장 실측 관련 기존 연구자료 수집을 통해 중분류 토지피복분류별 원단위를 산정하였다. 또한 특정 유역에 중분류 토지피복 분류별 산정된 원단위를 적용하여 유역기반의 비점오염부하량을 산정 하였다. 대상 유역에 해당하는 하천 말단에서의 실측 자료를 활용하여 유역모형을 구축하고, 강우를 입력 자료로 하여 비점오염 물질별 부하량을 모의 산정하였다. 유역모형으로 HSPF(Hydrologic Simulation Program - Fortran)을 실제 대상유역에 적용하였고, 이에 따른 모의 결과를 실측치와 비교하여 부하량을 산정하였다. 이렇게 모의 산정된 부하량은 실측자료를 기반으로 산정된 원단위의 적용에 따른 부하량과 비교 검토하여 유역에 대한 비점오염원 부하량 산정 시 모형의 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 본 연구에 적용된 대상유역은 동천유역으로 병성천의 주요 지류로서 유역의 상단에 위치하고 있다. 중분류 토지피복 중 공업지역, 교통지역, 과수원재배지, 비닐하우스재배지, 기타재배지에 대해서는 2008년부터 2010년까지 모니터링을 실시하였고, 이외의 중분류 토지피복에 대한 결과는 수계별 현재까지 진행되고 있는 환경기초조사사업 중 '주요 비점오염원 유출 장기 모니터링'사업의 자료를 활용하였다. 동천유역의 비점오염원 발생부하량을 산정한 결과, BOD 부하량은 대지의 경우 391.4 kg/day로서 중분류 군으로 구분한 결과에 비해 높게 산정되었다. T-N, T-P 발생부하량도 토지피복군이 대분류에서 중분류로 변화됨에 따라 부하량의 차이가 발생 하였다. 또한 동천유역에 대해 구축된 HSPF 모형의 적합도를 시기별 4개의 Case로 구분하여 평가해 보았는데 그 결과, 모형 모의치의 실측치에 대한 적합도가 높게 평가 되었다. 현재 특정 지역에 편중되어 조사되고 있는 중분류 토지피복을 조사 기관간의 교차 조사를 통해 지역적 제한성을 낮추고, 중분류에 속하는 세부피복지점을 확대하여 모니터링 지점의 다양성을 확보하여야 할 것으로 판단된다. 이와 동시에 한시적인 조사가 아닌, 장기간에 걸쳐 연구가 진행 될 경우 원단위에 대한 현재의 불확실성 및 제한성을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단되므로, 이러한 기초 자료 확보에 대한 장기적인 투자와 노력이 수반될 시 우리나라에 대표적으로 적용할 수 있는 비점오염원 원단위가 산정될 것으로 생각되며, 이러한 기틀이 마련되어야 비점오염원에 대한 적절한 유역관리방안을 수립할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.649-654
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the quality of wine, produced from 11 different grape varieties. Black Sun, CB, Gaeryangmeoru, MW52, MW55, and Narsha with 0.6-0.8% total acids were good for wine. The total acid content of Wangmeoru wine was too high (1.41%). Black Sun, CB, Gaeryangmeoru, MW52, MW55, MBA, WB, and Wangmeoru showed excellent chromaticity (90dE or higher). Total polyphenols, total anthocyanin and tannin, contents were the highest in Gaeryangmeoru, WB, Wangmeoru, and CB and would be advantageous for wine aging. The results of this study deemed Gaeryangmeoru and CB to be suitable for red wine preparation.