• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.383-390
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• 2004

The most common causes of severe sleepiness beginning or progressively worsening in adults are SLEEP APNEA and RELATED BREATHING DISORDERS DURING SLEEP. Idiopathic hypersomnia is excessive sleeping without obvious cause. Idiopathic hypersomnia diagnosis can be explained as follows: One could be chronically sleepy due to either something wrong with sleep that makes it non-refreshing, or a problem with the brain mechanisms which normally should keep one alert whether caused by primary problems within the brain or its chemistry, or by other factors (such as sedating medications or thyroid problems). A 71-year-old male who had suffered from excessive sleeping was admitted to our department for oriental treatment on 7th of July, 2003. He was diagnosed as an idiopathic hypersomnia for excessive sleeping without obvious cause. Initial treatment modalities with administration of "SoonHwanGi1HoBang(循環器1號方)" were not effective. However, after administration of "YukMiGiHwangTang(六味地黃湯)" desirable effects were seen.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.6-6
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• 2010

제주도는 우리나라의 가장 남쪽에 위하고 있으며 따뜻한 기온과 연중 축제 및 식물원, 박물관 등의 테마파크가 많아 온국민이 가장 선호하는 관광지역이다. 식물을 이용한 지역축제 및 관광명소 만들기는 초기비용이 적게 들어가고 친환경적이며 날이 갈수록 부가가치가 커지는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 제주도에서 행하여지고 있는 축제의 특성을 간단히 알아보고 자원식물을 이용한 제주도에서 연중 가능한 축제 프로그램을 개발하고자 하였으며 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 제주도의 축제는 총 31개이었으며 그중에서 식물을 이용한 축제는 15개로 전체의 48%를 차지하였다. 2. 지역에 따른 구분을 보면 제주시의 전체 축제는 16개이었으며 그중에서 식물을 이용한 축제는 8개로 전체의 50%를 나타냈고 서귀포시는 15개중에서 7개로 절반이 안되는 47%이었다. 3. 자원식물을 이용한 제주도에서의 연중 축제 프로그램 개발에 있어서 50여개를 제안하며 봄의 3월은 동백꽃축제, 수선화축제, 칡캐기축제, 서향축제, 4월은 꽃잔디축제, 개나리축제, 고사리축제, 조팝나무축제, 모란 축제, 개복사꽃축제, 살구꽃축제, 유채꽃축제, 청보리축제, 새우란축제, 왕벚꽃축제, 진달래축제, 5월은 참꽃나무축제, 대나무축제, 해당화축제, 작약축제, 라일락축제 등이 가능하다. 4. 여름의 6월은 한라산철쭉축제, 꽃창포축제, 접시꽃축제, 우리밀축제, 7월은 풍란축제, 홍화축제, 도라지축제, 수련축제, 산수국축제, 배롱나무축제, 8월은 해바라기축제, 무궁화축제, 다알리아축제, 칸나축제, 다육식물축제, 하귤축제, 열대과수축제, 등이 가능하다. 5. 가을의 9월에는 꽃무릇축제, 미로찾기축제, 10월에는 감국축제, 구절초축제, 11월에는 닥나무한지축제, 국화축제, 제주한란축제, 포인세티아축제 등이 가능하다. 6. 겨울의 12월에는 제주자생 구상나무를 이용한 크리스마스트리 경연대회, 1월에는 납매꽃축제, 먼나무축제, 2월에는 매화축제, 풍년화축제 등이 가능하다.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-63
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• 2008

Anthracnose of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was observed in the exhibition orchard of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Korea, 2007. The typical symptoms were initially water-soaked lesions and then rotten on fruits, the infected fruits were dropped but some of them were hunged and mummified. The pathogenic fungus grown on potato dextrose agar showed greyish to dark gray color. Conidia were straight, cylindrical apex obtuse in shape and $10{\sim}20{\times}3{\sim}5\;{\mu}m$ in size. Appressoria were brown in color, clavate or ovate in shape and $6{\sim}18{\times}4{\sim}12\;{\mu}m$ in size. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity test on host plants, the fungus was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc.. This is the first report on the anthracnose of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) caused by C. gloeosporioides in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.67-79
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• 2024

Yuzu (Citrus junos) undergoes traditional processing to create preserved yuzu with a sugar content of 50%. This study aimed to produce low-sugar yuzu syrup using artificial or natural sweeteners instead of sugar. Among artificial sweeteners, maltitol showed minimal browning and lack of deposition at high temperatures. The addition of xanthan gum (0.2%) and carboxymethyl cellulose (0.2%) resolved the issue of layer separation and viscosity decrease of yuzu syrup. Alternatively, grain syrup, a natural sweetener, improved viscosity and homogeneity without the additives. Yuzu syrups were developed using yuzu juice and preserved yuzu, with maltitol (20~40%) or grain syrup (50~70%) as the sweetener. Yuzu syrups containing 35% maltitol (M35) or 55% grain syrup (G55) had less than 5% and 10% free sugar, respectively. These syrups exhibited taste patterns similar to commercial yuzu syrup in analysis using an electronic tongue. Furthermore, M35 and G55 contained yuzu flavonoids at concentrations of 19.82 mg/g and 24.09 mg/g, respectively. Antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging) of M35 and G55 was equivalent to 10.55, 17.59 mg/100 g of Vitamin C and 97.39, 33.92 mg/100 g of Vitamin C, respectively. Consequently, M35 and G55 offer promising alternatives to preserved yuzu, providing low-sugar yuzu syrups enriched with functional ingredients.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 2024

This study analyzed the current status of the convergence departments of universities from 2019 to 2023. The number of installation increased from 430 in 2019 to 649 in 2023. The accumulated number of abolition increased from 177 to 509 at the same period. Many were suddenly installed without enough readiness. The convergence department bubble phenomenon began to extinguish in 2022. The number of the convergence departments in academic division was more in the order of engineering, humanities and social sciences, natural sciences, and arts and sports every year. The proportion of engineering decreased and that of humanities and social sciences increased. The number of sub-division installing convergence departments increased from 65 to 81 during 5 years. Convergence education was in the process of gradually spreading to various fields.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 1991

In order to use of new organic matter source, soil samples collected from paddy, upland and orchard treated with kraft and paper board mill sludge were analysed comparing with non-treated soil in view of some soil properties, soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities. Also, the value of fertilizer was estimated with kraft and paper board mill sludge. 1. Paper mill sludge showed more than 55% of organic matter content, and higher total nitrogen and phosphorus, and CEC. 2. Soils treated with kraft sludge were higher contents than non-treated 2.5-3 for organic matter, 1.5-2 for total-nitrogen, 2 for $NO_3$-N, 1.5 for phosphorus and 1.4 times for CEC. Also, 12-1.9 for bacteria and 3 times for fungi, and 1.4-1.5 of cellulase, 1.5-1.8 of phosphatase and 1.5-1.8 times of urease activities. 3. Organic matter contents, number of fungi, and activities of cellulase and phosphatase in soil treated with paper board sludge were 1.4-22, 2.4, 1.5-1.6 and 1.3-1.4 times higher than non-treated soil, respectively. 4. Paper mill sludge was evaluated as a good organic matter source to increase of soil organic matter, CEC, inorganic components, soil microbes and enzyme activities.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.6 s.175
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• pp.607-622
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• 2005

This study was carried out in order to evaluate where the soil loss was mainly occurred, .and to verify how riverbed sediments in the tributaries of the Seomjin River were related to their source rocks distributed in Sunchang area. The study area including the Seomjin River with 4 tributaries of Kyeongcheon, Okgwacheon, Changjeong-cheon and Ipcheon was divided into 10 watershed. The RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) was estimated for all the grids (10 m cells) in the corresponding watershed. The amount of soil loss per unit area was calculated as follows: dry fold (53,140.94 tons/ha/year), orchard (25,063.38 tons/ha/year), paddy field (6,506.7 tons/ha/year) and Idlest (6,074.36 tons/ha/year). The differences of soil loss per unit area appear to be depends on areas described earlier. Soil erosion hazard zones were generally distributed within dry fields. Several thematic maps such as land use maps, topographical maps and soil maps were used as a data to generate the RUSLE factors. The amount of soil loss, computed by using the RUSLE, showed that soil loss mainly occurred at the regions where possible source rocks were distributed along the stream. Based on the this study on soil loss and soil erosion hazard zone together with chondrite-normalized REE patterns that were previously analyzed in same study area, a closed relationship between riverbed sediments and possible source rocks is formed. Especially in the Okgwacheon that are widely distributed by various rocks, chondrite-normalized REE pattern derived from the riverbed sediments, source rock and soil is expected to have a closed relationship with the distribution of soil loss.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.98-106
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• 2012

The chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic $CO_2$ fixation capacity of leaves from three major crop trees found on Jeju Island, Camellia sinensis L., Camellia japonica L., and Citrus unshiu M., were analyzed. The photosynthetic $CO_2$ fixation rate of C. sinensis was similar to that of C. unshiu, and much higher than that of C. japonica which belongs to the same genus. Stomatal conductance in the three species was high at dawn and low during daytime. The intercellular $CO_2$ concentration of the three species was also high at dawn and decreased at midday. The transpiration rate showed an opposite trend from the intercellular $CO_2$ concentration. The photochemical efficiencies of PSII (Fv/Fm) in C. sinensis were slightly lower at midday compared to the level at dawn and/or dusk. The decline in Fv/Fm of C. sinensis at midday was much smaller than that of C. japonica. These results indicate that C. sinensis is better acclimated to high levels of radiation under natural conditions in late summer, although its PSII reaction center was inhibited by strong radiation. Of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in the species, the RC/CS decreased significantly while the ABS/RC, TRo/RC, ETo/RC, and DIo/RC increased significantly at midday in late summer. However, C. unshiu did not show significant changes in these values depending on the time of day. Among the three species, the daily $CO_2$ fixation rate in C. sinensis ($320.1mmol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$) was the highest, followed by that of C. unshiu ($292.5mmol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$) and C. japonica ($244.8mmol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$). Thus, C. sinensis may be a valuable crop tree in terms of the uptake of $CO_2$ under natural field conditions.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.69-95
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• 1979

The study was conducted to search developmental process of plant protection science from review of forty-three hundreds literatures presented since 1900 in Korea and to forecast future statues of the science to be done. About 80 percent of literatures related to plant protection science such as plant pathology, applied entomology, weed science and agricultural pharmacology were collected from publications of agricultural and forestry reseach organizations attached to Office of Rural Development and Office of Forestry. The rest of literatures were mainly collected from Korean Journal of Plant Protection Society and small number of literatures were also collected from publications of the other journals of crop science and thesis collection of agricultural colleges. In Korea, research organizations of plant protection science are divided into two main groups such as exclusive agricultural research organizations and agricultural colleges. It is pointed out that the former contributions to plant protection science are very great compared to those of the latter since 1900. From periodical consideration of developmental process of the science since 1900, the history or the science are divided into three eras such as introduction and sprout of modern plant protection science during the first forty years, distress of the science during the following twenty years including the Second World War and the Korean War and rapid growth of the science after 1961. In spite of long time distress of the science during the Second World War and the Korean War, the researches on plant protection science in post-war have been done twice as many as pre-war. From consideration of the subject plants in researches of plant protection, it is shown that a great many researches on protection of rice plant have been done and occupy 37 percent of plant protection researches since 1900. And also researches on protection of fruit-trees and cash-crops are not so many as those of rice plant but have been done in noticeable numbers. In fact, researches on protection of fruit-trees and cashcrops were the most important subjects of plant protection researches in pre-war while those of rice plant were the most important subjects after 1930, particulary in post-war. From consideration of contents of plant protection researches, it is said that more fundamental researches than applied ones such as practical control methods of diseases, insect pests and weeds were done in pre-war while more applied researches than fundamental ones were done in post-war, Among applied researches, those of chemical control were the most important subjects. Researches on disease and insect-pest resistance have been done in both pre-war and post-war while researches on forecasting of disease and insect-pest and race of plant pathogens have been done in post-war. And also researches on weed control mainly have been done after 1960. Researches on agricultural chemicals for control of diseases, insect pests and weeds still belong to a new field which must be expected in future, and there is nothing to notice with the exception of practical application of agricultural chemicals introduced from foreign countries. Some of important researches on diseases and insect pests were discussed in relation to developmental process of plant protection science in Korea since 1900. In future, researches on plant protection will be develop to the direction supporting importance of integrated control for plant protection. Therefore, it is pointed out that security of highly educated and trained scientists with enlargement of reseach fields of plant protection science are necessary and role of agricultural colleges for future development of the science must be emphasized.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.228-235
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• 2019

Apple (Malus pumila) is one of the most economically important fruits in Korea. but virus infection has decreased the sustainable production of apples and caused serious problems such as yield loss and poor fruit quality. Virus or viroid infection including apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), apple mosaic virus (ApMV) and apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) have been also reported in Korea. In many cases, as apple gets infected with virus and viroid with no specific symptoms, the damage and symptoms caused by the viruses are not detected. In our research, viruses in the rootstock were eliminated for a virus-free apple dwarfing rootstock of M.9 and M.26. The virus elimination methods were apical meristem culture, thermotherapy ($37^{\circ}C$, 6 weeks) and chemotherapy($Ribavirin^{(R)}$). The detection of apple viruses was accomplished by Enzyme-linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELlSA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT- PCR method was 10 ~ 30% more sensitive than the ELISA method. The efficiency of virus elimination was enhanced in apical meristem culture method. The acquisition rate of virus-free apple dwarfing rootstocks was 30 ~ 40% higher in apical meristem culture. After the meristem culturing of M.9, the infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV and ASGV was 45%, 60% and 50%, respectively. In the apple dwarfing rootstock of M.26, the infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV and ASGV was 40%, 55% and 55%, respectively. Based on this study, the best method for the production of virus-free apple dwarfing rootstocks was the apical meristem culture.