• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.23 no.11
• /
• pp.1381-1387
• /
• 2013

The leaves and roots of Ligularia stenocephala, which are widely used as a food in Korea, were investigated for their antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity in vitro, and their hepatoprotective effect, alcohol detoxicant efficacy, and memory-enhancing property were investigated in vivo. The unique odor of the leaves was analyzed by GC-MS. Lipid peroxidation, superoxide anion formation, and DPPH radicals were inhibited remarkably by the extracts of the leaves and roots. The leaves of this edible plant significantly protected the hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride and further diminished the blood alcohol content in mice. While the roots of this plant exhibited adequate cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines, especially against melanoma, the leaves revealed relatively weak activity. Both the leaves and the roots exerted an excellent ameliorating property on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in the passive avoidance task using an animal model. The hexane fraction of the leaves was analyzed by GC-MS, suggesting that a series of terpenoids may be odorous compounds in this plant.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.106-116
• /
• 2002

The 70% ethanol extract of Alpinia officinarum and its major flavonoid, galangin showed strong antioxidative effect on the lipid peroxidation of ethyl linolate with Fenton's reagent and free radical scavenging effect to DPPH radical generation. However, they did not reveal any pro-oxidant effect on bleomycin-Fe(III) dependent DNA degradation. They also showed the protective effect against $H_2O$$_2$, KO$_2$ or UV-induced cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. They also showed the suppressive effect of DNA damage induced by $H_2O$$_2$ or KO$_2$ with dose-dependent manner in single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE) assay. On the other hand, they have an anticlastogenic effect against adriamycin-induced micronucleated reticulocyte in peripheral blood of mice. These results suggest that the mechanism of inhibition by 70% ethanol extract of Alpinia officinarum and galangin against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced genotoxicity or cytotoxicity is due, at least partly, to their antioxidative and free radical scavenging properties without pro-oxidant effect. All these results indicate that 70% ethanol extract of Alpinia officinarum and galangin may be useful for protection against ROS-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.566-577
• /
• 1993

The study was to compare the effect of dietary fatty acids on fatty acid profile in tissue and the status of tocopherol and lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities at two fat levels. Male Sprague Dawley rats weighing average 350g(17 weeks) were fed either low fat(LF, 4.3% w/w, 10% kcal) or high fat(HF, 20.8%, w/w, 40% kcal)diet for 6 weeks. The fats used were beef tallow as a source of saturated fatty acid, corn oil for n-6 linoleic acid, perilla oil for n-3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid and fish oil for n-3 eiocosapentatenoic acid(EPA) and n-3 docosahexaenoic acid(DHA). Palsma tocopherol was significantly reduced by fish oil compared to beef tallow at body fat level. However, there was no significant effect on the levels of plasma MDA, RBC MDA and tocopherol, and RBC hempolysis by the type and amount of dietary fat. The peroxidizibility index of fatty acid profile in plasma and liver was increased and liver MDA level was significantly increased by fish oil when dietary fat level was increased. The activities of SOD and GSHPx tended to be increased by perilla oil and fish oil at both fat oil significantly reduced the incorpration of c20:4 and increased the incorporation of c20:5 into liver compared to corn oil. The incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into tissue by perilla oil rich in $\alpha$-linolenic acid was significantly higher tan corn oil and its effect was improved with higher amount of perilla oil in diet by high fat diet. Overall, the lipid peroxidation of tissue could be prevented by tocopherol supplementation when dietary fat level was low in diet. However, at high fat diet, tocopherol supplementation might not be enough to prevent the lipid peroxidation in tissue since the potential for lipid peroxidation was tended to be increased with higher incorporation of higher unsaturated n-3 fatty acids into tissue. Therefore, it could not be recommended to consume large amount of fish oil even with excess amount of tocopherol supplemented to the high fat diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.32 no.8
• /
• pp.870-876
• /
• 1999

The relationship between exercise intensity, oxidative stress and antioxidant status has been studied in sixteen trained male athletes aged 20-25years. Subjects performed 30-40minutes of treadmill running at 65% of VO2 max(high intensity exercise). Blood samples were taken before and immediately after two exercise bouts for measurement of blood antioxidants, indices of lipid peroxidation and susceptibility of crythrocyte to peroxidation. Plasma concentrations of cholesterol(7.3%), vitamin C(7.5%) and uric acid(2.1%) were elevated a little after exercise at 65% of VO2 max(13.7%)were significantly high than before exercise(p<0.05). However, these exercise-induced changes could be partly due to significant decreases in plasma volume which occurred after both exercise bouts(p<0.05). Plasma volume decreased 5.85$\pm$2.06% and 11.25$\pm$2.87% with exercise at 65% and 85% of VO2 max, respectively. The erythrocyte susceptibility to peroxidation after exercise at 65% of VO2 max was unchanged compared with the value before exercise, whereas after exercise at 85% of VO2 max, it was significantly higher than after exercise at 65% and 85% of VO2 max as well as before exercise(p<0.05). A significant increase at 85% of VO2 max, it was significantly high than after exercise at 85% of VO2 max (29.10$\pm$4.76ug/g Hb)when compared with the level before exercise (24.61$\pm$3.45ug/g Hb)(p<0.05). The results suggest that exercise-induced changes in plasma levels of lipid peroxide and antioxidant need to be evaluated, taking the shift in plasma volume into consideration. Also, exercise at high intensity corresponding to 85% of VO2 max alters the erythrocyte antioxidant status in relation to exercise-induced of oxidative stress.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.38 no.10
• /
• pp.836-846
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to determine the effect of carotenoid-rich food consumption and smoking on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in human. The subjects consisted of the health 210 middle-aged adults who visited health care center in the Inha University hospital. The blood and urine samples of the subjects were taken to analyze serum lipid profiles, plasma TBARS, total antioxidant status (TAS) and urinary 8-isoprostanes concentration. The anthropometric indices of the subjects were measured. The nutritional intake and the frequency of carotenoid-rich food consumption was determined by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire survey. HDL-cholesterol level of the smoking subjects was significantly lower than that of the non-smoking subjects in men. In the analysis of the carotenoid-rich food consumption, the frequency of pepper and tomato consumption of the non-smoking subjects was significantly higher than that of the smoking subjects in men. In women, the Sequency of pear and peach consumption of the non-smoking subjects was significantly higher than that of the smoking subjects. HDL-cholesterol level of the high carotenoid rich food consumption group was significantly higher than that of medium and low group in women. TAS of the high carotenoid rich food consumption group was significantly higher than that of medium and low group. In conclusion, carotenoid intakes seemed to be effective to reduce lipid peroxidation and increase antioxidant status in the body. The frequency of the carotenoid-rich food consumption seemed to be lower in the smokers than in the non-smokers. However, further researches consisted of large-scaled and randomized clinical trials are required to determine whether carotenoids have any other beneficial effect in human. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10): 836$\sim$846,2005)

• The Journal of Traditional Korean Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2006

To study on antioxidant effects in the liver of 40-week-old mouse, the sample were orally pretreated 5mg/kg/day for 5 days with red ginseng saponin components(total saponin, protopanaxadiol saponin, protopanaxatriol saponin, ginsenoside-Rd, ginsenoside-Re, compound-K) for 5 days. The ability of saponin to protect the mouse liver from oxidative damage was examined by determining the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and the contents of glutathione, the level of malondialdehyde, The only protopanaxadiol among the ginseng saponin fractions was significantly increased the hepatic SOD activity(p<0.01). The red ginseng saponin induced a slight increase of GPx activity, especially ginsenoside Rd, compound K and protopanaxatriol treatments significantly increased its activity. The content of glutathione was significantly increased by total saponin, protopanaxadiol and ginsenoside Rd(p<0.01), but the oxidized glutathione level was lowered in all the red ginseng saponin. Finally, the level of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased by ginsenoside Rd and protopanaxadiol. In conclusion, protopanaxadiol and ginsenoside Rd among the saponin fraction were especially increased in the activity of hepatic antioxidative enzyme and decreased the lipid peroxidation that was expressed in term of MDA formation. This comprehensive antioxidant effects of red ginseng saponin seems to be by a certain action of saponin other than a direct antioxidant action.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.10
• /
• pp.1063-1069
• /
• 2014

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to lead to oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA and cause skin damage. Moreover, ROS promote melanogenesis, which causes melasma, age spots, and freckle. The main compounds of the herbal medicines Poria cocas, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Ulmus macrocarpa were reported to be parchymic acid, glabridin, and flavonoids, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the whitening and antioxidant effects of a mixture of P. cocas, G. uralensis, and U. macrocarpa extracts (PGUE) in B16F1 cells to develop whitening cosmetics. PGUE inhibited DPPH radicals and lipid peroxidation, in addition to high reduction power, compared with Glycyrrhiza uralensis ethylacetate extracts (GUEE). Furthermore, PGUE exhibited a protective effect against DNA oxidation induced by the hydroxyl radicals. In addition to its antioxidant activity, the inhibitory activity of PGUE against tyrosinase, which is associated with melanogenesis, was greater than that of arbutin used as a positive control. Moreover, PGUE exerted an inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis in live melanoma cells and reduced the expression levels of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1). These results indicate that PGUE has skin whitening and antioxidant effects, suggesting that this mixture can be used as the main ingredient in the development of effective whitening cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.347-356
• /
• 1992

In oriental medicine, Artemisia Iwayomogi(Compositae) has been used clinically for jaundice, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis etc. The purposes of present study were to examine pharmacological effects of Artemisia lwayomogi water extract(AIWE) on weights of body, liver, kidney, spleen and adrenal, and on biochemical parameters (activities of AST, ALT and LDH, contents of cholesterol and triacylglycerol, and levels of hepatic lipid peroxide) against hepatic injury by carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) in rats. The results were as follow; 1. Body weights were reduced by $CCl_4$. In AIWE pretreatment groups, reduction of body weights was inhibited at 48 hours. Increased liver weights by $CCl_4$ were reduced in proportion to numbers of treatment of AIWE in AIWE pre- and posttreatment groups. Increased kidney weights by $CCl_4$ were reduced in AIWE pretreatment groups at 72 hours. Increased weights of spleen and adrenal by $CCl_4$ were not affected by AIWE treament. 2. Increased AST activities by $CCl_4$ were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 48 and 72 hours. Increased ALT activities by $CCl_4$ were significantly(p<0.05) decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 48 hours. Increased LDH activities by $CCl_4$ were very significantly (p<0.01, p<0.001) decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 48 and 72 hours, respectively. 3. Increased cholesterol contents by $CCl_4$ were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 24 and 48 hours. Decreased triacylglycerol contents by $CCl_4$ were significantly (p<0.05) increased in AIWE posttreatment at 48 and 72 hours. 4. Increased hepatic lipid peroxide levels by $CCl_4$ were significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01) decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 48 and 72 hours, respectively. In conclusion, AIWE did not affect normal liver function and had property of antioxidant, due to reduced lipid peroxidation by $CCl_4$. AIWE seems to have hepatoprotective effects rather than direct preventive effects to $CCl_4$-induced necrotic degeneration of liver cell, cholestasis and damages in metabolism of lipid.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.16-22
• /
• 2003

Interrelation between the antioxidative activities of 70% ethanol extracts from bran fraction of 23 kinds of colored rice and chuchung as a control were examined. Antioxidative activities were evaluated by assaying reducing power, electron-donation ability to DPPH free radical, scavenging activity of hydroxy radical $({\cdot}OH)$ generated through Fenton reaction and inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation using linoleic acid autoxidation system, respectively. Among 24 varieties of colored rice LK 1-3-6-12-1-1 had the strongest reducing power followed by Elwee, DZ 78, Jumlalocal-1 and SC-45 in decreasing order. The electron-donating ability to DPPH radical was higher in order of HP 883-1-1-1-B-1-1, HP 833-1-3-1-1-1, LK 2-7-12-1-1 and DZ 78. The hydroxy radical scavenging activity was higher in order of DK-1, IR 1544-38-2-2-1-2-2, SC-5 and SC-45 but LK 2-7-12-1-1 had oxidative effect. In the liaoleic acid autoxidation model system, RGS No 336, LK 1B-2-1-1, LK 1B-4-12-1-1, LK 1A-2-12-1-1, LK 2-7-12-1-1 and HP 883-1-1-1-B-1-1 exhibited strong antioxidative activities but Elwee, Jumlalocal-l and SC-45 showed to have oxidative effects. The rice variety of highest pigment content was Elwee and the next were RGS-No 336, IR 1544-38-2-2-1-2-2 and SC-5 with the order of higher content. The reducing power was correlated with the quantity of the pigment in the ethanolic extract of rice bran and SC-5 showed relatively high antioxidative activity in every results of antioxidative activity tests.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.65-69
• /
• 1980

When the Hair-tail was dried in the direct sunlight, the changes of acid value, TBA value, peroxide value and fatty acid composition of its muscle were observed. The results of the observation were as follows: 1) Total content of the lipid in the fresh Hair-tai1 was 9.91%, that of saturated fatty acid was 43.3%, and that of unsaturated fatty acid was 56.7%. The TBA value, the peroxide value and acid value were slowly increased until the 4th week, then were somewhat quickly increased in the 5th week. 2) The analysis of the fatty acid composition of the fresh Hair-tail lipid by meas of G.L.C method showed the order of the content quantities such as $C_{18}\;:\;1(44.3%),$ $C_{16}(29.22%),$ $C_{16}\;:\;1(11.3%),$ $C_{14}(6.6%),$ $C_{18}(5.4%),$ $C_{17}(2%),$ $C_{17}\;:\;1(1.1%),$ $C_{18}(2%),$ were found to be a trace. 3) The content of the unsaturated fatty acid was shown to be decreased while the level of the saturated fatty acid was increased during the sun drying.