• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.214
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• pp.35-37
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• 2007

당뇨병환자에서 발생하는 가장 중요한 급성 합병증인 당뇨병성 케톤산증이나 고삼투성 비케톤성 혼수는 인슐린의 투여를 중단하였거나 감염, 외상 등의 신체적 손상이나 정신적 스트레스에 의하여 인슐린에 대한 길항 호르몬들이 과분비돼 발생한다. 일반적으로 당뇨병성 케톤산증은 인슐린 의존형 당뇨병환자 중 주로 젊은 층에서 자주 나타나며 병의 경과가 빠르게 진행되기 때문에 고삼투압 상태보다는 케톤산혈증이 주요 문제가 된다. 반면에 고삼투압성 비케톤성 혼수는 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병환자 중 주로 노인층에서 호발하며 병의 경과가 서서히 진행하기 때문에 심한 고혈당 상태로 인한 고삼투압 상태가 주요 문제가 된다. 이와같은 당뇨병의 급성 대사성 합병증들은 치료가 지연되거나 적절한 치료가 행해지지 못했을 때는 예후가 극히 불량하며 사망률 또한 높은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이에 급성 대사성 합병증 중 당뇨병성 케톤산증의 병인, 진단 및 치료 등을 알아보기로 한다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2016

In this study, biosugar production by the red-algae Eucheuma cottonii was investigated using dilute sulfuric acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and data analysis by response surface methodology. This approach yielded 25.8 g/l total reducing sugar under the conditions of $160.1^{\circ}C$, 1% (v/v) sulfuric acid, and 13.1 min. The sugar concentration showed a linear inverse correlation with the combined severity factor (CSF) of the reaction conditions. CSF was calculated as $log(t{\cdot}e{xp}[(T_H-T_R)/14.75])-pH$, where t is the coupling reaction time, $T_H$ is the target temperature, and $T_R$ is the reference temperature ($100^{\circ}C$). In addition, levulinic acid production showed a linear positive correlation with CSF. E. cottonii may represent a useful feedstock for sugar production in the field of bioenergy.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.414-422
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• 2022

The objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility of acid-catalyzed hydrothermal fractionation for maximum solubilization of the hemicellulosic portion of two typical agricultural residues. The fractionation conditions converted into combined reaction severity (CS) in the range of 1.2-2.9 was used to establish a simple reaction criteria at glance. The hemicellulosic sugar yield of 56.6% was shown when rice straw was fractionated at the conditions at the conditions; 160 ℃ of temperature 0.75% (w/v) of H₂SO₄, 20 min of reaction time, 1:15 solid/liquid ratio. The hemicellulosic sugar yield of 83.0%, however, was achieved when barley straw was fractionated at the conditions at the conditions; 150 ℃ of temperature 0.75% (w/v) of H₂SO₄, and 15 min of reaction time, 1:10 solid/liquid ratio. For barley straw, acid-catalyzed hydrothermal fractionation could be effectively performed. After the fractionation process, the remaining fractionated solids were 48.5% and 57.5% from raw rice and barley straws, respectively. The XMG contents in the solid residues decreased from 17.3% and 17.6% to 6.0% and 2.6%, which corresponded to 16.7% and 8.5% on the basis of the raw straws, respectively. In another way, only 5.6% of cellulose and 8.5% of XMG were lost due to excessive decomposition during the acid-catalyzed hydrothermal fractionation of barley straw, compared to cellulose and XMG losses of 6.4% and 26.6% in rice straw. Hemicellulosic sugars from the rice straw were considered more over-decomposed due to the somewhat higher reaction severity at the acid-catalyzed hydrothermal fractionation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.423-433
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• 2017

During recent 5 years, it was recorded that 20% of total accident frequency and 30% of total number of death have been occurred due to drowsy driving. Drowsy driving accident is result from the loss of driving ability due to driver's accumulated fatigue. Continuous driving time can be measured as a surrogate variable to quantify the level of fatigue. The main purpose of this research is to investigate statistical correlation between the proportion of continuous driving vehicle (more than 2 hours) and the number of drowsy accidents. To carry this out, continuous driving time was measured using GPS route-guidance trajectory data. Also, accident frequency, traffic volume and segment length were collected to estimate safety performance function (SPF) for Jungbunearuk expressway in Korea. Through various types of estimated SPFs, statistical correlation was analyzed based on estimated statistical indices. This research can provide theoretical background for enforcement to regulate commercial vehicle driver's continuous driving time. In addition, throughout the trajectory data expansion, it is expected that strategy for anti-drowsy driving facilities installation can be established based on the suggested methodology.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.46-54
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• 2009

This study deals with the effects on the accident reduction according to the installation of RLC (red light cameras). The objective is to analyze the effects on the accident reduction using EB (Empirical Bayes) method. In pursuing the above, the study uses the 728 accident data occurred at the 28 intersections which RLC are installed. The main results are as follows. First, the effects of accident reduction were analyzed to be 20.74% by simple before-after study method. Second, the safety performance functions (SPF) were developed by the Poisson and negative binominal regression models, and since the over-dispersion parameter was close to zero, Poisson model was evaluated to be more appropriate than the negative binominal model. Also, the Poisson model was analyzed to be statistically significant because its ${\rho}^2$ value was 0.409. Finally, the results of analysis using an EB method showed that the accidents were reduced by range from 3.89 to 29.23%.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.43-49
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• 2010

This study deals with the traffic accident of the Cheongju arterial link sections. The purpose of the study is to develop the traffic accident model. In pursuing the above, this study gives particular attentions to developing the ZAM(zero-altered model) model using the accident data of arterial roads devided by 322 small link sections. The main results analyzed by ZIP(zero inflated Poisson model) and ZINB(zero inflated negative binomial model) which are the methods of ZAM, are as follows. First, the evaluation of various developed models by the Vuong statistic and t statistic for overdispersion parameter ${\alpha}$ shows that ZINB is analyzed to be optimal among Poisson, NB, ZIP(zero-inflated Poisson) and ZINB regression models. Second, ZINB is evaluated to be statistically significant in view of t, ${\rho}$ and ${\rho}^2$ (0.63) values compared to other models. Finally, the accident factors of ZINB models are developed to be the traffic volume(ADT), number of entry/exit and length of median. The traffic volume(ADT) and the number of entry/exit are evaluated to be the '+' factors and the length of median to be '-' factor of the accident.