• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.71-90
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• 2005

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2010

Objective: To evaluate if there is any correlation between the growth rate of dominant follicles and clinical characteristics or outcome variables in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). Methods: This study was performed in 313 in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) were measured on day 3 of menstrual cycle, and serial ultrasonographic measurement of the diameter of growing follicles was performed. The growth rates of dominant follicles calculated by diameter difference divided by days were correlated with clinical characteristics and outcome variables. Results: There was no significant difference in the growth rate of the dominant follicles between gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and antagonist cycles. No significant correlation was found between the growth rates and evaluated factors such as age, body mass index, LH, FSH, $E_2$, retrieved oocytes and fertilization rate. Conclusion: The Growth rate of dominant follicles seems to show an independent feature of basal characteristics and ovarian response.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2007

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) measured at ovulation triggering day reflect ovarian response in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles. Methods: Forty-nine fertile women who undergoing superovulation and IUI were included. Superovulation was performed using clomiphene citrate (100 mg/d on day 3$\sim$7) in combination with human menopausal gonadotropin (150 IU every other day starting on day 5). Serum samples were obtained on the day of hCG administration and the levels of VEGF-A and estradiol were measured. The numbers of mature follicle $\geq$17 mm in diameter were also counted. Results: Serum VEGF-A levels did not correlate with the numbers of mature follicle count nor serum estradiol levels. Serum estradiol level was positively associated with mature follicle count. Serum VEGF-A levels tended to be lower in women with mature follicle count less than three or women with more than five. Conclusion: Our results indicate that serum VEGF-A levels do not have an association with superovulation outcome in IUI cycles. However, a tendency of lower VEGF-A level in poor and high responder suggests that those with extreme response to superovulation may be related with abnormal angiogenesis. Further studies should be warranted in larger populations.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1991

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1997

본 연구는 rat에서 PMSG도는 FSH 처리에 의한 과배란 유도가 배란율과 수정란의 질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 호르몬 처리하고 교미시킨 후 4일령에 난관과 자궁을 세척하여 정상 8-세포기 난자와 비정상 난자를 조사하였고 각 처리에서 채란된 난자 중에 정상난자를 골라 체외 배양하여 발육율을 비교 평가하였다. 미성숙 rat에서는 평균19.1개의 수정란이 채취되었으며 성숙rat에서는 14.2개가 채취되었고 미성숙 rat에서는 성숙 rat에 비해 더 많은 비율의 비정상적인 난자가 회수되었다. FSH와 LH-RH에 의한 방법이 PMSG와 HCG에 의한 방법보다 유의성 있게 많은 난자를 배란시켰으며, 비정상란의 빈도도 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 호르몬 처리에 의한 두 가지 방법은 자연배란에 의한 방법에 비해 훨씬 높은 비정상난자의 배란을 유도하였다(FSH, 20.1%;PMSG, 41.2%;자연배란 13.4%). 또한 FSH처리에 의해 회수된 난자보다 체외 발육율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 rat에서 PMSG와 FSH를 이용하여 과배란을 유도할 수 있으나 배란된 난자의 비정상율은 자연배란에 비해 훨씬 높았고, 과배란 유도시 호르몬의 종류에 따라 체외 배양율에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.65-66
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• 2002

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2010

Objective: The objective of this retrospective study was to compare the in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes of gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and GnRH antagonist protocols in poor responders. Methods: A total of 172 cycles in subjects with less than 5 oocytes retrieved treated with either GnRH agonist long protocols or antagonist protocols were included. The outcome variables such as numbers of growing follicles and retrieved oocytes, and the fertilization rate were evaluated as the main outcome measures. Results: There was no difference in regard to the numbers of growing follicles and oocytes, and fertilization rate between the two groups. $E_2$ level on Day 7/8, mean gonadotropin dose, and the days of stimulation were shown to be statistically different (p<0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Considering that similar results were observed with less time and gonadotropin dose, GnRH antagonist protocol may be considered as a preferable choice over GnRH agonist protocols in poor responders.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 1997

토끼에서는 수정란 이식과 같은 기본적인 번식공학적 방법의 효율성이 아직 생쥐와 같은 실험동물에 비해 떨어지고 있어 생물공학적인 기술을 응용하는데 큰 어려움이 있다. 특히 유전자 이식에 의한 형질전환 토끼의 생산과 같은 생물공학적인 기술을 실용화하는데 효율이 높은 수정란이식 기술의 개발이 필수적이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 토끼에서 수정란 이식 기술의 첫 단계인 과배란 유도를 효율적으로 이용할 수 있는 방법을 정립하기 위해 반복적인 과배란 유도가 배란율 및 수정란의 질적인 면과 양적인 면에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 연구방법으로는 FSH와 HCG를 사용하여 과배란을 유도하였고 2.5 개월의 반복처리간격으로 3번의 반복적인 과배란 처리를 한 후 반복처리에 따른 배란율과 배란된 난자의 형태학적 상태, 배양에 의한 발생 능력 상태 등을 감소하였으며 배란수의 변이도 커지는 경향을 나타내었다(첫번째, 32.6(+-)2.5; 두번째 28.7(+-)3.7; 세번째 20.99(+-)3.8). 제 2극체의 돌출, 전핵의 형성, cummulus cell의 존재등에 의한 회수된 난자의 형태학적 관찰에 의한 방법으로 난자를 분류한 결과 과배란의 반복수가 증가함에 따라 다양한 모양의 난자가 회수되어 배란이 광범위한 시간대에 일어나고 있음을 나타내었다. 또한 과배란의 반복적인 유도에 의해 난소의 혈포수는 증가하였으나 채란된 난자의 채외배양에 의한 발육율에는 차이가 없었다. 그러므로 과배란의 반복적인 유도는 공란토의 난소반응에는 영향을 미쳤으나 난자의 질에는 영향을 미치지 않았음을 나타낸다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2009

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is one of the most common iatrogenic complications induced by assisted reproductive technology. Hydrothorax develops in about 10 percent of patients with severe OHSS and it is usually associated with marked ascites. On the other hand, severe hydrothorax without marked ascites is uncommon, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. We recently experienced a case of severe unilateral hydrothorax with minimal ascites induced by quintuplet pregnancy following intrauterine insemination with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Severe hydrothorax was resolved after only conservative and symptomatic management without invasive procedure such as thoracentesis or paracentesis. We report this case with brief review of literature.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2010

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes between oral micronized progesterone and dydrogesterone as a luteal phase support in stimulated intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 183 IUI cycles during January 2007 to August 2009. Superovulation was achieved by using gonadotropins combined with or without clomiphene citrate. The luteal phase was supported by oral micronized progesterone 300 mg/day (n=136 cycles) or dydrogesterone 20 mg/day (n=47 cycles) from day of insemination. Results: There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics such as age of female, infertility factors, number of mature follicles ($\geq$16 mm), total motile sperm counts, and endometrial thickness on triggering day between the two groups. The clinical pregnancy rates per cycle were similar between the two groups (21.3% in the micronized progesterone group vs. 19.1% in the dydrogesterone group, p=0.92). The clinical miscarriage rate tended to be 3-fold higher in the micronized progesterone group (34.5% vs. 11.1%, p=0.36). Conclusion: Supplementation of oral dydrogesterone as a luteal support has similar clinical outcomes compared with oral micronized progesterone. Large-scaled randomized study would be required to confirm our findings.