• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2003

Objectives: Many researches have been done to compare psychopathology of functional gastrointestinal disorder and inflammatory bowel disease which involves structural change. Recently, many studies focused on the topic of alexithymia. The results from these studies were questionable for lack of valid measures of alexithymia and valid diagnostic criteria of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Therefore, we tried to overcome these two problems and to assess alexithymia, personality characteristics, and other psychopathology. Methods: The subjects consisted of ulcerative colitis group(N=28) who were diagnosed by colonoscopy and biopsy, irritable bowel syndrome group(N=27) who were diagnosed by Rome II criteria and normal control group(N=22). All patients were diagnosed at outpatient department of Kyungpook National University Hospital. All these groups completed three psychological tests, including MMPI, Rorschach test, and well validated TAS-20K(The Korean Version of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale). Results: Twenty-five percent of the ulcerative colitis group and 22% of the irritable bowel syndrome group scored in the alexithymia range, compared with 0% of the normal group. In Rorschach test, irritable bowel syndrome group showed high levels of weighted Sum C and EA. Most of clinical scales of MMPI were higher in two gastrointestinal groups than the normal control group. And two gastrointestinal groups showed low ego strength level, but there was no statistical significant difference between them. Conclusion: Two gastrointestinal groups showed high rate of alexithymia, other psychopathological profiles, and low ego strength but there was no significant difference between two groups.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.655-659
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• 2007

Purpose : The aim of this study was to document the causes of chronic abdominal pain in children referred to a hospital setting and evaluate the frequency and characteristics of functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) classified by Rome III criteria. Methods : One hundred thirty two patients with chronic abdominal pain were evaluated. Examinations were performed in order to find organic causes in patients when organic disease was suspected. Results : Among the 132 patients, 20 patients (15.2%) had organic diseases and 112 patients (84.8%) were diagnosed as having FGIDs. Functional dyspepsia was the most common cause of FGIDs, followed by irritable bowel syndrome. Overlap of some FGIDs was observed in seven patients (5.3%). Conclusion : FGIDs are the main causes of chronic abdominal pain in children and functional dyspepsia was the most prevalent disorder.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.385-400
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• 2020

Purpose: Previous randomized controlled trials (RCT) found that mind-body therapy can improve the health outcomes of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to identify the combined effects of mind-body therapy on patients' IBS symptoms, quality of life, anxiety, and depression. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using various databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL CENTRAL, DBpia, RISS, and KISS. The primary outcome variables were IBS symptoms and quality of life; the secondary outcome variables were anxiety and depression. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3.0 was used to analyze the extracted data. The effect size was calculated using standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Eleven final RCTs were used for this meta-analysis. Mind-body therapy was found to have a significant effect on the IBS patients' symptoms (SMD, -0.63; 95% CI, -0.77 to -0.48), quality of life (SMD, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.40 to 1.66), anxiety (SMD, -0.28; 95% CI, -0.47 to -0.09), and depression (SMD, -0.31; 95% CI, -0.06 to -0.12). Conclusion: This meta-analysis reveals that mind-body therapy significantly improves IBS patients' symptoms, quality of life, anxiety, and depression. The results suggest that, in the future, appropriate mind-body therapy should be applied to Koreans suffering from IBS. Moreover, the therapy's long-term effects should be assessed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2018

The gut microbiome has been studied extensively over the past decade with most scientific reports focused on the adverse role of the gut microbiome on gastrointestinal diseases. For example, the altered gut microbiome exacerbates the development of immune system-mediated damage in many diseases. The most studied pathologies include irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colitis-associated cancer. On the other hand, intestinal microflora is also beneficial and contributes to the intestinal physiology by the synthesis of vitamins, production of short chain fatty acids and bile acid metabolism, thereby maintaining gut homeostasis. Therefore, the balance between commensal and pathogenic bacteria populations influences mainly the maintenance of intestinal health. Changes in the intestinal microflora have been suspected to be the underlying causes of multiple diseases. Despite the immense amount of published data, the optimal gut microbiome composition is still controversial. This review briefly outlines the connection between the gut microbiome and critical gastrointestinal diseases focusing on three prominent intestinal disorders: irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colitis-associated cancer disorders. Finally, intervention strategies using natural products for the alleviation of these diseases and the maintenance of a health gut microbiome are suggested.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence, subtypes and risk factors of irritable bowel syndrome by ROME-III among Korean university students. Methods: This study was descriptive survey research. The sampls were 796 and variables were measured by structured questionaire. Rome-III criteria was used for diagnosis of IBS. The gathered data were analyzed with %, $x^2$-test, t-test, logistic regression by SPSS win 17.0. Results: The students with IBS were 61 (7.7%) and the most of the subtype was IBS-M (42.6%). Meal (times/day), breakfast, stress, quality of sleep, neuroticism, bodily pain, general health, social function, role emotional restriction, mental health, somatization, obcessive-compulsive state, depression, anxiety, hostility, global severity index, positive symptom distress index, positive symptom were significantly different between IBS group and non-IBS group. The prevalence of IBS was low in the higher score of role emotional in general health state. There were more 2 times students who had score of the obsessive-compulsive in psychological health over the 50 than below the 50 in IBS group. Conclusion: 7.7% of students were diagnosed by Rome-III criteria and the most of the sybtype was IBS-M. The risk factors of IBS were role emotional restriction, obsessive-compulsive state.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2005

Purpose: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is frequently yet little understood disease. Review was performed to promote understanding on the characteristics, pathophysiology, and risk factors of IBS. Content: IBS is characterized by abdominal discomfort associated with pain and altered bowel function; structural and biochemical abnormalities are absent. Generally IBS is more prevalent in women and people with higher educational and social background, but there are some controversies. IBS is diagnosed by the Rome II or Manning criteria after excluding organic gastrointestinal diseases. The pathophysioloy is explained by abnormal control mechanism of central and enteric nervous system. Mucosal immunity, secretions, and neurotransmitter are also associated with the hypersensitivity and motility change of bowel function. Stress is known as a major triggering factor and contributed to symptoms. Other risk factors are genetic elements, childhood experiences, inflammation, anxiety, depression, diet, and sleep disorders.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.282-292
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and factors related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in university students. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted using a self-report structured questionnaire with 420 university students. Data collection was done during May and June, 2017. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a t-test, $x^2$ test, and binary logistic regression analysis with IBM SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Results: The prevalence for IBS was 24% among Korean university students. Family history of IBS (OR=2.98, 95% CI=1.32~6.70), history of stomach and intestinal disease (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.36~3.77), sleep quality (OR=2.01, 95% CI=1.16~3.48), mild anxiety (OR=2.75, 95% CI=1.19~6.33) and more than moderate anxiety (OR=2.02, 95% CI=1.02~4.00) were found to be factors related to IBS. Conclusion: The prevalence of IBS was high among university students, and sleep quality and anxiety significantly influenced prevalence of IBS in these students. Therefore, interventions to decrease symptom of IBS must focus on management of sleep quality and anxiety.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.120-132
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• 2009

Purpose: We diagnosed pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders in Korean children and adolescents using Rome III criteria and investigated the clinical validity of QPGS-Rome III. Methods: Diagnosis based on QPGS was compared with the physician's diagnosis based on Rome III criteria. One hundred and thirty eight children and their parents completed the QPGS. Agreement rates were measured using Kappa method. Results: In physician's diagnoses, the most prevalent disorders were functional dyspepsia (39.1%), irritable bowel syndrome (38.4%), and functional abdominal pain (18.8%). Among QPGS based diagnoses, the most prevalent disorders were irritable bowel syndrome (39.1%), functional dyspepsia (29.7%), and functional abdominal pain (21.7%). The agreement rate was substantial (${\kappa}$=0.72, p=0.00). Diagnostic disagreements probably resulted from different patient responses to bowel movement form and bowel frequency. Conclusion: Functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and functional abdominal pain were the most common disorders by Rome III criteria in the Korean pediatric and adolescent patients. The agreement rate between physician's diagnoses and QPGS based diagnoses supported the validity of the QPGS-Rome III in Korean pediatric and adolescent patients. QPGS seems to be useful in diagnosis of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders by Rome III criteria.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to present the clinical guidelines for Korean medical treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Methods : Reports for Korean medical treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome were collected, analyzed and summarized from the Electronic journal search since 2000. Results : In Korean medicine treatment of irritable bowel syndrome used herbs, acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal acupuncture, and auricular acupuncture. Herb medicines were administered according to the patient's case by a prescription of considering physical condition and symptoms. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapies stimulate the median points of LR(足厥陰肝經), ST(足陽明胃經), LI(手陽明大腸經), SI(手太陽小腸經). The assessment items for Korean medical treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome were abdominal symptoms, defecation, autonomic nervous system changes, stress, Live blood condition and mental health. Conclusions : Through continued research need to develop better treatment strategies for Korean treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2016

Functional dyspepsia is one of the most common bowel disorders as prevalent of 7.7% Korean population. The cardinal manifestations include bothersome postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric burning or pain. These features are chronic and should be presented recurrently with no other compatible organic disease to explain the symptoms. Even though it is not life-shortening, functional dyspepsia usually make the health-related quality of life worse especially if other functional bowel disorder coexist. The coexistence of functional bowel disorders is called as 'overlap syndrome'. Anxiety, somatization and insomnia is more prevalent in overlap syndrome compared with sole functional bowel disorder. Therefore, it is worthwhile that physician interviews and elucidates whether the dyspeptic patient had other kinds of functional bowel disorders, and manages the underlying psychotic pathology. Placebo effect is large in functional dyspepsia, and there is only four kinds of prokinetics that is proven to be superior to placebo. Adverse events relating prolonged administration of prokinetics sometimes fatal or irreversible, physician willing to describe prokinetics should be familiar to the possible adverse effects and the relating risk factors. Pathologic acid reflux is not uncommon in functional dyspepsia, and acid-suppressant is equivalent to the prokientics in most of dyspeptic patients.