• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 1999

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Streptococcus oralis on the formation of artificial plaque and the replication of Streptococcus mutans. S. mutans was incubated alone and in the combination with S. oralis in the beaker with wires. The produced plaque weight and the viable cells of S. mutans were compared between those cultures. Various factors were studied about the effect on the formation of plaque and the replication of S. mutans. Followings are the results. 1. Lower amount of plaque was produced and fewer cells of S. mutans were replicated at the mixed culture of S. mmutans and S. oralis than S. mutans alone. 2. When 10 mM glucose was added, the plaque weight was increased in the culture of S. mutans alone. But in the mixed culture of S. mutans and S. oralis, the plaque weight was not increased when 10 mM of glucose was added. 3. When 10 mM fructose was added, the plaque weight was increased in the culture of S. mutans alone or combined S. mutans and S. oralis. 4. In the mixed culture of S. mutans and S. oralis with different concentration, the more S. oralis exist, the less plaque and the fewer viable cells of S. mutans were observed. 5. The plaque weight and the viable cells of S. mutans were more decreased in the mixed culture of S. mutans and S. oralis than S. mutans alone after 12 hours. 6. When Staphylococcus epidermidis consuming hydrogen peroxide was added to the mixed culture of S. mutans and S. oralis, the plaque weight and the viable cells of S. mutans were increased. These results indicate that S. oralis inhibited the formation of plaque and the replication of S. mutans, and this may result from the formation of hydrogen peroxide S. oralis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.534-539
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the inhibitory action and quality-improvement functions of sweetness inhibitor, Na$\pm$2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy) propanoate (Na-PMP) in pound cakes. Na-PMP was first used to evaluate the intensity of sweetness in different concentrations of sucrose and fructose solutions: Na-PMP (250 and 500 ppm) was added to the model solutions of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10% sucrose and the equi-sweetness levels of fructose with the sucrose solutions. Both concentrations of Na-PMP significantly modified the sweetness intensity for both model solutions. For practical application of Na-PMP, different levels of sucrose (10, 20, and 30%) were added to the basic recipe (a control) of pound cake preparation. Excessive sweetness due to the addition of high levels of sucrose to the basic recipe was modified by the addition of Na-PMP, which resulted in equi-sweetness as the control (p<0.05). Moreover, Na-PMP improved the texture and shelf-life of the pound cake.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.479-482
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• 1991

The medical use of Acer mono MAX. and Betula costata T. sap has had the long history in Korea. So the mineral and sugar contents of these sap gathered in Mt. Jiri area at spring were analyzed to investigate the scientific base of folk remedies by using ion liquid chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The values of chlorine and sulfate in Acer mono MAX. were 11.5 mg/l and 176.7 mg/l, and in Betula costata T. 26.5 mg/l and 162.4 mg/l, respectively. The values of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium in Acer mono MAX. were 67.9 mg/l, 5.6 mg/l, 73.8 mg/l and 4.5 mg/l, and in Betula costata T. were 152.1 mg/l, 9.7 mg/l, 39.2 mg/l and 5.7 mg/l, respectively. The values of copper, zinc and manganese in Acer mono MAX. were 0.057 mg/l, 0.483 mg/l and 5.071 mg/l, and copper, zinc, mangances and iron in Betula costata T. were 0.038 mg/l, 1.584 mg/l, 4.354 mg/l and 2.511 mg/l, respectively. The values of sucrose in Acer mono MAX. were 27.29 mg/l, glucose and fructose in Betula costata T. were 0.97 g/l and 3.05 g/l, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2016

Purpose: Our previous study demonstrated the hypoglycemic effects of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf and the underlying mechanisms. Here we explored the potency of mulberry twigs (TW) and root barks (RB) in postprandial hypoglycemic effects in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The major components of TW and RB were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Alpha-glucosidase inhibition and glucose/fructose uptake inhibition in Caco-2 cells were determined for TW, RB, and their major components, followed by an oral sugar tolerance test (OSTT) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet for 2 weeks and then a single dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg B.W) was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Rats with fasting blood glucose levels above 126 mg/dL were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8/group) for the following treatments by gavage for 4 weeks: vehicle (normal control and diabetic control), 200 mg/kg B.W of TW or RB or 100 mg/kg B.W of oxyresveratrol (OXY). Results: OXY and mulberroside A were identified as the major components of TW and OXY, mongolicin, and kuwanon H for RB. A significant inhibitory activity on ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ was found for TW, RB, and OXY (p = 0.0099). There was a dose-dependent inhibition of TW and RB on the intestinal sugar uptakes in Caco-2 cells, showing a greater impact on fructose compared to glucose. The OSTT showed that TW and RB significantly delayed time to maximal concentration (p = 0.0088) and decreased maximal concentration (p = 0.0043) compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that TW and RB may have a postprandial hypoglycemic effect, particularly in the case of high fructose or sucrose intake. OXY was suggested as a contributor to the hypoglycemic effect of TW and RB. Further studies are needed for the systemic effect of TW and RB in circulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2012

In other to promote the utilization of native Gwangyang Rubus coreanus Miq. as an antioxidant material in functional food, its general composition, free sugars, vitamin C, vitamin E, and anthocyanin content were examined. Free sugars were mainly $2.83{\pm}0.01%$ glucose and $3.49{\pm}0.17%$ fructose. Native Gwangyang Rubus coreanus Miq. included higher vitamin C (0.04 g/100 g) and E (0.04 g/100 g) contents than other Rubus coreanus Miq. Anthocyanin was detected to be 2.41 g/100 g. Two extracts from native Gwangyang Rubus coreanus Miq., hot water extract (RCW) and 80% ethanol extract (RCE), were prepared by reflux, filter, and freeze-dry. The phenolic compound levels of RCW and RCE were 5.99% and 6.20%, respectively. In DPPH- and ABTS-radical scavenging activities, and lipid peroxidation formation inhibitory activity, RCE exhibited relatively high activities when compared to RCW (89.29% vs. 65.04%, 47.65% vs. 30.22%, 23.27% vs. 3.6%, respectively). Based upon these results, it is suggested that RCE from native Gwangyang Rubus coreanus Miq. possesses the antioxidant potentials for radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1477-1486
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• 2016

Lactulose (4-O-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranosyl-D-fructose) is a non-digestible synthetic ketose disaccharide which can used in food and pharmaceutical fields due to its useful functions for encephalopathy, chronic constipation, hyperammonemia, etc. Therefore, the lactulose is regarded as one of the most important disaccharides and have been concentrated much interesting as an attractive functional material in the current industry. From this reason, the research related on the production of lactulose has been carried out various academic and industrial research groups. To produce lactulose, two main methods, chemical production and enzymatic production have been used. Commercially lactulose produced by alkaline isomerization of lactose as chemical production method but it has many disadvantages such as rapid lactulose degradation, purification, and waste management. From these reasons, lactulose produced by enzymatic method which solves these problems has been suggested as a proper method for lactulose production. Two different enzymatic methods have been reported as methods for lactulose production. Lactulose can be obtained through hydrolysis and transfer reaction catalyzed by a ${\beta}$-galactosidase which requires fructose as co-substrate and exhibits a low conversion. Alternatively, lactulose can be produced by direct isomerization of lactose to lactulose catalyzed by cellobiose 2-epimerase which requires lactose as a single substrate and achieves a high lactulose yield. This review summarizes the current state of lactulose production by chemical and biological methods.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.6425-6431
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• 2015

Invertase, that hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose, plays a great role in carbohydrate reallocation between the photosynthetic source tissue and various sink tissues. Invertase also occurs in a variety of isoforms for various functions in plants. Insoluble invertases were extracted only in buffer solutions containing high concentrations of salt. Within these classes, acid invertase has an optimum activity at acidic pH (pH 4-5). Induction of insoluble acid invertase (INAC-INV) in leaf, stem, and root tissues in response to physical wounding has been investigated. To detect the localization of INAC-INV within the plant, immunolocalization has been performed. In this study, the accumulation of INAC-INV was noticeable to reach maximum levels on 72 hr after mechanical injuries. INAC-INV was induced in wounded leaves 3 times more than control leaves. Immunolocalization results showed that INAC-INV accumulated in wall appositions and intercellular spaces. INAC-INV was also localized at sieve cell walls in phloem tissues close to the site of wounding. Taken together, this study suggested that INAC-INV induction upon wounding injuries can play a role on responses to the high energy demand for wound healing process.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.861-870
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• 2019

This study was undertaken to establish optimum medium compositions for cost-effective mannitol production by Leuconostoc mesenteroides SRCM201425 isolated from kimchi. L. mesenteroides SRCM21425 from kimchi was selected for efficient mannitol production based on fructose analysis and identified by its 16S rRNA gene sequence, as well as by carbohydrate fermentation pattern analysis. To enhance mannitol production by L. mesenteroides SRCM201425, the effects of carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources on mannitol production were first determined using Plackett-Burman design (PBD). The effects of 11 variables on mannitol production were investigated of which three variables, fructose, sucrose, and peptone, were selected. In the second step, each concentration of fructose, sucrose, and peptone was optimized using a central composite design (CCD) and response surface analysis. The predicted concentrations of fructose, sucrose, and peptone were 38.68 g/l, 30 g/l, and 39.67 g/l, respectively. The mathematical response model was reliable, with a coefficient of determination of $R^2=0.9185$. Mannitol production increased 20-fold as compared with the MRS medium, corresponding to a mannitol yield 97.46% when compared to MRS supplemented with 100 g/l of fructose in flask system. Furthermore, the production in the optimized medium was cost-effective. The findings of this study can be expected to be useful in biological production for catalytic hydrogenation causing byproduct and additional production costs.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.718-726
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• 2016

Sweet pumpkin paste (SPP) was fermented by Leuconostoc mesenteroides SM at $25^{\circ}C$ for 3 days for enhancing its physicochemical properties. SPPs with 5%, 10%, and 15% solid contents (SC) were fortified with 20% sucrose and 0.5% yeast extract. The unfermented SPP with 15% SC indicated L, a, and b color values of 25.02, 4.66, and 13.35, respectively, and a consistency index of $48.6Pa{\cdot}s^n$. During the 3 days of fermentation, both the a and b color values decreased slightly, whereas the consistency index increased to $188.8Pa{\cdot}s^n$, giving the fermented product a pudding-like consistency. This fermented SPP (15% SC) showed the highest acid production and viable cell counts among samples, indicating pH 3.85, 1.30% acidity and $9.2{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ respectively. The added sucrose was completely utilized after 1 day of fermentation. After 3 days, the insoluble and soluble dextran contents were 8.9% and 4.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the contents of mannitol and fructose were 3.11% and 1.76%, respectively. Regarding the sensory evaluation, this fermented sample also indicated the highest color, taste and texture scores, and was the overall preferred sample. In conclusion, the fermented SPP with 15% SC was carotinoid-rich a wholesome pumpkin-based product that is rich in probiotics and lactic bacteria-produced mannitol and dextran, which gave the product an acceptable viscous pudding-like consistency and good organoleptic properties.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2023

Sucrose (suc) is a disaccharide that consists of glucose (glu) and fructose (fru). It is a carbohydrate source that acts as a nutrient molecule and a molecular signal that regulates gene expression and alters metabolites. This study aimed to evaluate whether suc-specific signaling induces an increase in bioactive compounds by exogenous suc absorption via roots or whether other factors, such as osmotic stress or biotic stress, are involved. To compare the osmotic stress induced by suc treatment, 4-week-old cultured mugwort plants were subjected to Hoagland nutrient solution with 10 mM, 30 mM, and 50 mM of suc or mannitol (man) for 3 days. Shoot fresh weight in suc and man treatments was not significantly different from the control. Both man and suc treatments increased the content of bioactive compounds in mugwort, but they displayed different enhancement patterns compared to the suc treatments. Mugwort extract treated with suc 50 mM effectively protected HepG2 liver cells damaged by ethanol and t-BHP. To compare the biotic stress induced by suc treatment, 3-week-old mugwort plants were subjected to microorganism and/or suc 30 mM with Hoagland nutrient solution. Microorganisms and/or suc 30 mM treatments showed no difference about the shoot fresh weight. However, sugar content in mugwort treated with suc 30 mM and microorganism with suc 30 mM treatment was significantly higher than that of the control. Suc 30 mM and microorganism with suc 30 mM were effective in enhancing bioactive compounds than microorganism treatment. These results suggest that mugwort plants can absorb exogenous suc via roots and the enhancement of bioactive compounds by suc treatment may result not from osmotic stress or biotic stress because of microorganism, but by suc-specific signaling.