• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.15-21
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• 2002

공중화장실물 대상으로 화장실 내의 환경을 쾌적하게 유지하면서 에너지 절약을 꾀할 수 있는 환경친화적인 건축계획 방안에 초점을 맞추고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.240-245
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• 2015

This study aimed to provide the basic data to establish measures for the management of the public toilets and reduction of the offensive odor through the air dilution olfactory method and instrumental analysis about offensive odor dilution rate of public toilets, focusing on the Dong-gu, Daejeon Metropolitan City, Korea. The offensive odor intensities ranged from 10 degree to 669 degrees in the urinal toilets and from 31 to 464 in closet bowl toilets. Meanwhile, toilets that had offensive odor of more than 2.5, of which a civil complaint can be filed, were researched 6 (33%). Offensive odor intensities were different according to the closet bowl toilets of the flush, fermented and conventional methods and the year of their installation, but not according to the area of the toilets. As a result of the instrumental analysis targeting 6 public toilets to identify the offensive odor substance, the maximal concentration of $NH_3$ was 2.04 ppm and the average concentration was 0.67 ppm, but $H_2S$, $CH_3SH$ and $(CH_3)_3N$ were not detected. In the fermented and conventional public toilets were not soaps, air fresheners and wastebaskets. Just 50% of the flush toilets had toilet tissue.

• 아름다운작은공간 미소공
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• v.10
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• pp.30-34
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• 2001

• 아름다운작은공간 미소공
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• v.12
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• pp.24-26
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• 2001

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.1 s.54
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• pp.139-146
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• 2006

This study shows the floor plan types and the space composition of multi-used toilets in public-toilets of Choongchung-Do. The areas of multi-used toilets are various from 4.8m2 to 10.5m2 And there Is usually one multi-used toilet in one public-toilet, but some public-toilets have two multi-used toilets. Multi-used toilets have several equipments such as toilet stool, urinal, washstand, change diaper, chair for baby-care, toilet stool for child, urinal for child, so on. All the multi-used toilets have toilet stool and washstand, but urinal and change diaper were used restrictively, and chair for baby-care, toilet stool for child, urinal for child were used in few cases. There are six types how the multi-used toilets are located in public-toilets, five types of multi-used toilet forms, and five types how the equipments are installed in multi-used toilets. The dotted blocks are installed partially in line type, and partially in spot type. But some cases, there was no installation of dotted block. Auto-sliding door were usually applicated, and some other types of door system were used restrictively. This study offers not only the present conditions, but also the appropriate planning directions of the multi-used toilets.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.1287-1289
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• 2017

공중 화장실 관리자는 화장실 휴지잔량을 지속적으로 확인할 수 없기 때문에 휴지를 다 쓴 경우 곧바로 채워놓지 못하는 경우가 발생한다. 또한 이럴 경우, 사용자는 미처 휴지가 없음을 확인하지 못하고 볼 일을 보게 되면 당황스러운 상황을 겪게 될 수도 있다. 본 논문에서는 공중 화장실 각각의 휴지잔량을 실시간으로 확인할 수 있는 표시기와 전체 화장실의 휴지잔량을 모니터링 할 수 있는 시스템의 개발내용에 대해 기술한다. 이 시스템을 활용함으로써 사용자는 화장실 사용 전에 직관적으로 휴지잔량을 알 수 있게 되며, 관리자는 직접 화장실을 방문하지 않더라고 휴지가 없는 곳의 알림을 통해 바로 채워줄 수 있게 될 것이다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.215-223
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• 2010

The excessive use of fossil fuel since the industrial revolution increased the level of $CO_2$(the main cause of global warming also known as the greenhouse gas) and lead by the first world countries actions toward decreasing the greenhouse gas are taking place world wide. Naturally finding and using new environment friendly energy in design is on the increase. Thus as one solution to these problems the following thesis suggests a public toilet with solar energy technology applied.

• Korean Architects
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• no.6 s.362
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• pp.34-35
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• 1999

• Korean Architects
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• no.6 s.410
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• pp.60-63
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• 2003

• Korean Architects
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• s.487
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• pp.50-51
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• 2009