• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1074-1081
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• 2006

As common pollutants in surface and groundwater, nitrate nitrogen($NO_3-N$) and trichloroethylene(TCE) can be chemically and biologically reduced by zero valent iron(ZVI) and peat soil. In batch microcosm experiments, chemical reduction of TCE and nitrate was supported by hydrogen from ZVI. For biological degradation of TCE and denitrification peat soil was introduced. ZVI reduced TCE, while peat provided TCE sorption site and microbes performing biological degradation. Nitrate reduction was also achieved by hydrogen from ZVI. In addition, indirect evidence of denitrification was observed. More reduction of TCE and nitrate was achieved by ZVI+peat treatment however nitrated reduction was hindered in the presence of TCE in the system due to the competition for hydrogen. TCE reduction mechanism was more dependent on ZVI, while nitrate was peat-dependent. Hydrogen and methane concentration showed that peat had various anaerobic denitryfing and halorespiring bacteria.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.233-235
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• 2001

실크 생지직물에 대해 정련날염호로 무늬를 인날하고 증열 처리함으로써 무의 부분만 정련이 되도록 하는 정련날염 기술을 개발하여 모시 섬유와 같이 뻣뻣하면서 시원한 질감이 나는 정련되지 않은 생직물 부분과 정련에 의해 유연하고 매끄러우면서 광택이 나는 비단 부분이 동시에 한 직물에 공존하면서 입체적인 무의 표현이 가능한 독특하고 새로운 실크 직물을 개발하였다. 또한 산성염료 둥의 합성염료로 염색된 실크 생지직물과 천연염료로 염색된 실크 생지직물에 대해서 정련날염과 동시에 무의 부분의 바탕색을 빼내고 착색을 고착시키는 발염의 특수날염 기술을 개발하여 다양한 색상에 의한 무늬 표현이 가능하게 함으로써 고부가가치 실크직물을 생산할 수 있도록 되었다.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.41
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• pp.247-270
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• 2014

Multiculturalism may be deeply connected with the diversities of cultures and enlightenment discussed in the context that we live together with the specification of cultures derived from any spatial conditions overtly and covertly. People live on their own customs compatible with their space and the time, and they make their boundaries of races, nations, and national memories. In such a way each of them treats each other exclusively and is inclined not to recognize being of the others. Also people are apt to recognize the others unessentially and overlook the others's value and way of life. As a result they might destroy the foundation of symbiotic livings conditions on their own. On the other hand they pretend to search for the cultural diversities of the others and include them under their own universalities, resulting in conflicts. Hence it is required that we should make an efforts to prepare the fields for living together through getting over the problem of the recognition of matters and affairs before us. From the above-told critical mind this thesis seeks the multicultural relativities and more arrives at the relationalities discussed by East-Asiatic philosophers of Chuang Tzu and Ch'oe Han-gi. Especially by gazing at the idea of the interconnectedness which means activities, changeabilities and mobilities, appeared on the idea of Ch'oe Han-Gi's revolving transformation, it is stressed that the communications of the local with each other in the various aspects of, e.g. materials, regions and cultures should be achieved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.239-239
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• 1996

DA-1131은 Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris 및 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 의 시험균주에 대하여 1-4의 MBC/MIC 비를 나타내었으며, 약물첨가에 의한 세균증식억제 과도 매우 우수하였으므로 광범위의 강력한 살균력을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. DA-1131의 PAE는 S. aureus Smith에 대하여는 1.28시간, K. pneumoniae 1에 대하여는 0.65시간, P. aeruginosa 93에 대하여는 1.90시간으로 나타나, MIC 이하의 낮은 농도에서도 세균에 대한 생육저해 효과가 관찰되었으며, 이러한 현상은 E. coli K-12에 DA-1131을 1/4 MIC(0.0125 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$) 농도로 작용시켰을 때 균의 팽화와 신장 및 구형화가 동시에 일어나는 등 균형태변화를 초래하는 효과와 큰 상관성을 나타내었다. 또한, DA-1131은 감염방어효 에 매우 큰 영향을 끼치는 mouse macrophage와 매우 우수한 협력적살균작용을 나타내어 E. coli K-12 생세포는 1/16 MIC 이상의 DA-1131 공존하에서 쉽게 식균소화(phagocytosis) 되었다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.6B
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• pp.695-701
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• 2006

A toluene-degrading bacterial strain was isolated from a mixed culture that was maintained using toluene as a sole carbon and energy source. The isolated bacterium was classified as Pseudomonas sp. TBD4 based on the close relationship to bacteria belonging to this genus. A bottle study to determine biodegradation rates of individual aromatic compounds showed that the biodegradation was faster in the order of toluene, benzene, styrene, and p-xylene. However, when various mixtures were subjected to TDB4, styrene was degraded at the highest rate, indicating that both toluene and p-xylene could stimulate the degradation of other substrates whereas styrene played as an inhibitor. In addition, the mixed culture and TDB4 were inoculated to the bioactive foam reactor (BFR), and the reactor performance and the corresponding change of microbial community were monitored using the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) method. When an inlet concentration of the VOC mixture increased to greater than 250 ppm, the overall removal efficiency dropped significantly. The FISH measurement demonstrated that the ratio of TDB4 to the total bacteria also decreased to less than 20% along with the decline in removal efficiency in the BFR. As a result, the periodic addition of the pre-grown TDB4 might have been beneficial to achieve a stable performance in the BFR operated over an extended period.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.303-311
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• 2000

This study was conducted to find an optimal TNT transformation condition with the addition of different carbon and energy sources in a batch reactor. When TNT and nitrate were present in the medium, the cell growth and TNT transformation was slower because nitrate and TNT was competitively served as electron acceptor. Transformation of TNT was faster when TNT in the medium was nitrogen source and acetate as a carbon source. Cell growth and nitrate transformation was slower when yeast extract was not present in the medium. The proposed intermediates of TNT biotransformation from the earlier studies was not detected in this experiment but the intermediates are tentatively proposed as nitro and amino-free compounds. These results should be helpful for the operation of the munition waste treatment in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.403-428
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• 2016

The aims of this study are to investigate the influence of the newly developed cataloging rule, RDA on the LIS cataloging education and to propose Korean LIS cataloging curriculum in a time of RDA. This study specially intended to examine the coexistence of the AACR and RDA and its implications on the LIS cataloging curricula design in the limited time of the course of study. For this purpose, this study examined the rapidly changing cataloging circumstances and how it affects on the cataloging education in LIS. This study also explored the students' as well as instructors' opinion and demand on cataloging education specially regarding RDA. As a result, this paper designed a cataloging education model including RDA curriculum and it also suggested cataloging syllabus based on the education model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.675-680
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• 2013

This research was done to evaluate the potential for destruction of perchlorate in municipal sewage. Laboratory experiments were conducted in flasks containing 3 liters of raw sewage. Sewage was mixed with defined amount of perchlorate and various additives. Perchlorate reduction in sewage did occur, but was quite variable, ranging from 0 to 72% over 72 hour. Addition of even a small amount of perchlorate acclimated biomass (167 mg/L SS) significantly reduced the lag and resulted in complete perchlorate removal. Perchlorate reduction in sewage-brine mixtures was inhibited when the dissolved oxygen level was greater than 2 mg/L, and when the mixture salinity was relatively high (conductivity = 14 mS with equivalent TDS = 8 g/L). When nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$) was present with perchlorate in the laboratory flask tests of sewage-brine mixtures, nitrate reduction proceeded first. A significant amount of nitrite ($NO_2{^-}$) accumulated in the sewage-brine mixtures, accounting for about 66% of initial nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3$-N).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 1972

In order to utilize sweet potatoes for the material of Takju, brewing experiments with raw sweet potatoes, sweet potato chips powder and its koji were conducted; and various tests were carried out on effect of the treatments of acid, alkali, polyphenol oxidase inhibitor, oxidizing and reducing agents upon the prevention against coloring of sweet potato chips by steaming, and on peeling effect of sweet potatoes by the alkali and heat treatments. The results obtained were as follows. 1) In the case of brewing with raw sweet potatose, each plot showed low acid and ethanol content, and its finished Takju had an undersirable color and odor. The plots which were mashed after peeling showed higher ethanol contents than the plots mashed without peeling. 2) In the case of brewing with sweet potato chips powder, each plot contained considerably more amount of ethanol than the plots brewed with raw sweet potatoes, white it contained less amount of acid. The ethanol contents of the plots using wheat bran koji were $10.5{\sim}11.4$ per cent 4 days after mashing, and were higher than those of the plots using malts powder. Their finished Takju was inferior in quality because of the lack of acid and being darkened gradually in process of time. 3) The kojies which were made of sweet potato chips powder with Neurospora sitophila or Aspergillus oryzae had good appearance, but the Takju mashes brewed with these contained remarkably less amount of ethanol. 4) Effect of the treatments of acid, alkali, polyphenol oxidase inhibitor and organic solvents such as ether and ethanol upon the prevention against coloring of sweet potato chips was not recognized. Alum and burnt alum were effective a little on the decolorization, and among the oxidizing and reducing agents tested, potassium permanganate was most effective. 5) Darkening of sweet potato chips powder in course of heating after mixing with water was not affected by pectin and amino acids, but by tannin. 6) Sweet potatoes were not peeled easily by friction after soaking in the boiling solution of 3 per cent alkali for 6 minutes and peeled in boiling water for 12 minutes. From the viewpoint of the results above mentioned, it seems to be necessary to study further on the isolation of microorganisms which are able to decompose the coloring substances and yeasts which are adequate for the fermentation of sweet potatoes in order to utilize sweet potatoes for Takju brewing, because brewing with raw sweet potatoes, sweet potato chips powder and its koji was unsuccessful, and effect of the various treatments on the decolorization of sweet potatoes was not recognized.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.245-256
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• 2008

The current legislation in South Korea clearly states that the tolerance threshold on the adventitious presence of GMO in environment-friendly agricultural products is 3.0% and no GM seed should be detected in their planting seed batches. To date, in Korea, there is no approved GM crop for commercial cultivation in field. However, several GM crops including rice, Chinese cabbage, potato and wild turf grass are currently under risk assessment for their environmental release. Also Korean government (Rural Development Administration, RDA) announced that 11 institutes including universities have been currently certified to carry out a risk assessment of GM crops. Meanwhile, the cultivated area and certified quantities of environment-friendly crops (organic, pesticide-free and low-pesticide) are sharply increasing every year according to the report of National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service (NAQS). In detail, in 2007, the certified quantities of environment-friendly agricultural products were elevated up to 100-fold for organic, 171-fold for pesticide-free and 2,324-fold for low-pesticide crops when compared with those in 1999. The total certified quantity of environment-friendly cereal crops in 2007 was equivalent to 6.4% of total production of cereal crops. Moreover, 24% of total production of root and tuber crops such as potato and sweet potato were certified for environment-friendly agricultural products. In these circumstances, I strongly suggest that current legislations on GM crop's safety management should be revised to include strategies for the coexistence of GM with non-GM crops, especially environment-friendly crops before GM crop is approved to be cultivated for commercialization. Since all types of crops are grown in an open environment, the adventitious presence of GM crops among non-GM crops is inevitable if appropriate measures for coexistence are not established for species by species such as isolation distance, workable management measures to minimize admixture.