• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.809-838
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• 2013

Innovation is the development of new customers value through solutions that meet new needs, inarticulate needs, or old customer and market needs in value adding new ways. This is accomplished through more effective products, processes, services, technologies, or ideas that are readily available to markets, governments, and society. Innovation differs from invention in that innovation refers to the use of a better and, as a result, novel idea or method, whereas invention refers more directly to the creation of the idea or method itself. Therefore, the utilization of patents is the most important of the three aspects (creation, protection and utilization) in the patent system for getting to actual innovation. In order to increase the patent use, the rates of the applied patents to a real industrial process and the bargain and license of patent rights should be promoted. For promoting technological innovation substantially, there is necessary to escape from dichotomy of weakening or enhancing patent protection in the discussion on the changes of patent system for "Adequate patent guarantees". Furthermore, the legal and institutional improvements to enable the use of patent should be discussed together. Recently, open innovation is a new paradigm that assumes that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as the firms look to advance their technology" or "Innovating with partners by sharing risk and sharing reward." The boundaries between a firm and its environment have become more permeable; innovations can easily transfer inward and outward. The central idea behind open innovation is that in a world of widely distributed knowledge, companies cannot afford to rely entirely on their own research, but should instead buy or license processes or inventions (i.e. patents) from other companies. In addition, internal inventions not being used in a firm's business should be taken outside the company. In the era of open innovation, more flexible patent use strategy is essential. It is important that improvements for the legal system in order that patented technology can be applied for products and processes in a real industrial between outside and inside of the firms.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.25-30
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• 2011

Biogas obtained from the biodegradable organic wastes in an anaerobic digester consists of $CH_4$ and inert gases such as $CO_2$ and $N_2$. Since the composition of biogas varies by anaerobic digester conditions and the origin of wastes, it is necessary to respond to these variations so as to make stable combustion and accomplish high efficiency when it is used as a fuel for power generating SI engines. In this study, efforts have been made to investigate the effect of changes in the calorific values of biogas on the engine performance and exhaust characteristics. The biogas was simulated by supplying of $CH_4$ with $N_2$ dilution of various ratios, and ECM was developed to achieve accurate control of ignition and combustion. The results show that as the $CH_4$ concentration of the biogas decreases, the optimal spark timing is advanced due to the elevated thermal capacity and lowered $O_2$ concentration of the in-cylinder charge. Furthermore, since combustion temperature was reduced by increased inert gas, $NO_x$ emissions decreased, whereas THC emissions increased.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.28-36
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• 2020

To enhance the recycling rate of wasted glass bottles toward recycled aggregates, the study would decide optimal comminution equipment based on the particle size distribution, aspect ratio and equipment energy analysis. The impact, compress and abrasion is type of generated force by comminution. So, hammer crusher, shredder, roll crusher and ball mill have been selected because they have characteristic which is each type of force. As a result of the particle size analysis of each product, only the shredder product satisfied concrete and asphalt aggregate quality standard condition. Also, as a result of aspect ratio analysis using Imaging software program (Image J, National institute of health), most of size fraction is confirmed under 1.6 value. It was confirmed that the product has low dangerousness and satisfying to shpage index. Also, the particle reduction ratio against input energy of shredder product was the most high. Therefore, we can decide that the optimal equipment which applicable for comminuting waste glass bottle in certain particle size under 10mm is shredder. The result of study will make contribution to increasing energy efficiency of comminution processing and competitiveness of product.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.404-411
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• 2004

The microcapsules containing triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a flame retardant, were prepared by phase-inversion emulsification technique using the epoxy resin (Novolac type) with excellent physical properties and network structure. This microencapsulation process was adopted for the protection of TPP evaporation and wetting of polymer composite during the polymer blend processing. The TPP, epoxy resin and mixed surfactants were emulsified to oil in water (O/W) by the phase inversion technology and then conducted on the crosslinking of epoxy resin by in-situ polymerization. The capsule size and size distribution of TPP capsules was controlled by mixed surfactant ratio, concentration and TPP contents, The formation and thermal property of TPP capsules were measured by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The morphology and size of TPP capsules were also investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopies. As the surfactant concentration increased, the TPP capsules were more spherical and mono-dispersed at the same weight ratio of mixed surfactants (F127: SDBS).

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.580-585
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• 2006

UV-thermal dually curable coating materials were prepared by the sol-gel method. Nano-sized colloidal boehmite was treated with various organo silane coupling agents. These materials could be well dispersed in various alcohols and relatively polar organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile. The coating films were prepared by a spin coating method on various substrates, which were characterized by FT-IR, Si/Al CP MAS NMR spectra, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FE-SEM, Taber abraser, haze meter, and pencil hardness tester. The effects of molar ratio and types of silane coupling agents, curing method and ion-shower treatment were investigated. Dually curable coating method offered an optimally good quality film in both hardness and transmittance. The transparency and the hardness of the prepared films were increased with amounts of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate, and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, respectively. The adhesion between coated layer and substrate could be enhanced by ion-shower treatment.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.531-537
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• 2014

A catalytic plasma reactor was employed for the oxidation of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) classified as a volatile organic compound (VOC). Copper oxide (Cu : 0.5% (w/w)) supported on a multichannel porous ceramic consisting of ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ was used as a catalyst, which was directly exposed to the plasma created in it. The effects of discharge voltage and reaction temperature on the concentrations of IPA and its byproducts were examined to understand the behavior of the catalytic plasma reactor. Without thermal insulation, the reactor temperature increased up to $120^{\circ}C$ at an applied voltage of 17 kV (discharge power : 28 W), and the IPA at a flow rate of $1L\;min^{-1}$ ($O_2$ : 10% (v/v); IPA : 1000 ppm) was completely removed. At temperatures below $120^{\circ}C$, however, besides the desirable product $CO_2$, several unwanted byproducts such as acetone, formaldehyde and CO were also formed from IPA. On the other hand, when the reactor was thermally insulated, the plasma discharge increased the temperature up to $265^{\circ}C$ under the same condition and most of IPA was oxidized to $CO_2$. Without loading CuO on the ceramic support, the plasma discharge in the thermally insulated reactor produced nearly equal amounts of $CO_2$ and CO. On comparison, with the catalyst alone (temperature : $265^{\circ}C$), more than 70% of the removed IPA was simply converted into another type of VOC (acetone), indicating that the catalyst assisted by the plasma is more effective in the oxidation of IPA than that of the catalyst-alone process.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 1997

The fiber wall filling(FWF) technology, which is based on Precipitatin of fillers in the micropores of the cell wall structure of never-dried chemical pulp fiber, has been developed to improve filling and loading process in papermaking. In presenting FWF technique here, micropores of pulp fiber are first impregnated with an ionic solution of water soluble salt and consecutively impregnated with the second salt solution. This procedure generates an insoluble precipitate within the micropores of cell wall by chemical interaction of these two ionic salt solutions This is the first attempts to use FWF technology for the quality of waste paper grade which is recycled in papermaking, even though this FWF technology has been impressively improved for never-dried chemical pulp in filling and loading process of papermaking. The precipitated amount of CaCO$_3$ and SrCO$_3$ reached 5-6% and 4-5% of the waste paper weight respectively, which was measured by ash content of the burned waste paper fiber. On the other way the precipitated amounts of those materials impregnated into never-dried chemical pulp fiber have reached 17-18% and 16-18% respectively. The micropore loading technique gives optical and physical properties to the handsheets formed with celt-wall-filled fibers which are better than those handsheet properties resulting from conventional loading. The papers made from the cell-wall-filled pulps are stronger than those with the customary location of filler between the fibers.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.182-187
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of coagulation on filtration performance of membrane in submerged MBR system and influence of continuous aeration to reduce fouling of membrane surface on coagulated floc. For this purpose, aeration tank sludge of MBR system was compared with jar-test sludge. The experimental results were analysed in terms of floc size and SRF (Specific resistance of Filtration). The more alum was added, the more content of floc below $10{\mu}m$ reduced and SRF decreased. But compared with jar-test results, it was found that effect of coagulation on MBR floc was reduced. Operation time of membrane in alum added MBR was longer than that in control MBR. But operation time was not proportional to alum dose. It was thought that the result was reason that floc below $10{\mu}m$ was not reduced sufficiently by shear force of continuous aeration. Moreover it was founded that if alum is added more than proper dose, it brings filtration resistance to increase.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2000

수소화된 비정질 실리콘(a-Si:H)과 미세결정질 실리콘 ($\mu$c-Si:H)은 저온.건식 공정인 PECVD로 값싼 유리 기판을 사용하여 넓은 면적에 증착이 가능하다는 큰 장점으로 인해 광전소자(photovoltaic device)와 박막 트랜지스터(TFTs)등에 폭넓게 응용되어 왔으며 최근에는 nm 크기의 실리콘 결정(nc-Si)에서 가시광선 영역의 발광 현상이 발견됨에 따라 광소자로서의 특성을 제어하기 위해서는 성장 조건과 공정 변수에 따른 구조 변화에 대한 연구가 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 UHV-ECR-PECVD 법을 이용하여 H2로 희석된 SiH4로부터 a-Si:H과 $\mu$c-Si:H를 증착하였다. 그림 1은 SiH4 20sccm/H2 50sccm/25$0^{\circ}C$에서 기판의 DC bias를 변화시키면서 박막을 증착시킬 때 나타나는 박막의 구조 변화를 raman spectrum의 To phonon peak의 위치와 반가폭의 변화로 나타낸 것이다. 비정질 실리콘 박막은 DC bias를 증가시킴에 따라 무질서도가 증가하다가 어떤 critical DC bias에서 최대치를 이룬후 다시 질서도가 증가한다. 이온의 충격력에 의해 박막내에 응력이 축적되면 박막의 에너지 상태가 높아지고 이 축적된 응력이 ordering에 대한 에너지 장벽을 넘을 수 있을 만큼 커지게 되면 응력이 풀리면서 ordering이 가능해지는 것으로 생각된다. 그림 2는 수소 결합 형태의 변화이다. 박막의 무질서도가 증가할 경우 알려진 바와 같이 2000cm-1근처의 peak은 감소하고 2100cm-1 부근이 peak이 증가하는 현상을 보였다. 본 논문에서는 여러 공정 변수, 특히 DC bias에 따르는 박막의 구조 변화와 다른 성장 조건(온도, 유량비)이 critical DC bias나 결정화, 결정성 등에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석결과를 보고하고자 한다.등을 이용하여 광학적 밴드갭, 광흡수 계수, Tauc Plot, 그리고 파장대별 빛의 투과도의 변화를 분석하였으며 각 변수가 변화함에 따라 광학적 밴드갭의 변화를 정량적으로 조사함으로써 분자결합상태와 밴드갭과 광 흡수 계수간의상관관계를 규명하였고, 각 변수에 따른 표면의 조도를 확인하였다. 비정질 Si1-xCx 박막을 증착하여 특성을 분석한 결과 성장된 박막의 성장률은 Carbonfid의 증가에 따라 다른 성장특성을 보였고, Silcne(SiH4) 가스량의 감소와 함께 박막의 성장률이 둔화됨을 볼 수 있다. 또한 Silane 가스량이 적어지는 영역에서는 가스량의 감소에 의해 성장속도가 둔화됨을 볼 수 있다. 또한 Silane 가스량이 적어지는 영역에서는 가스량의 감소에 의해 성장속도가 줄어들어 성장률이 Silane가스량에 의해 지배됨을 볼 수 있다. UV-VIS spectrophotometer에 의한 비정질 SiC 박막의 투과도와 파장과의 관계에 있어 유리를 기판으로 사용했으므로 유리의투과도를 감안했으며, 유리에 대한 상대적인 비율 관계로 투과도를 나타냈었다. 또한 비저질 SiC 박막의 흡수계수는 Ellipsometry에 의해 측정된 Δ과 Ψ값을 이용하여 시뮬레이션한 결과로 비정질 SiC 박막의 두께를 이용하여 구하였다. 또한 Tauc Plot을 통해 박막의 optical band gap을 2.6~3.7eV로 조절할 수 있었다. 20$0^{\circ}C$이상으로 증가시켜도 광투과율은 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았다.부터 전분-지질복합제의 형성 촉진이 시사되었다.이것으로 인하여 호화억제에 의한 노화 방지효과가 기대되었지만 실제로 빵의 노화는 현저히 진행되었다. 이것은 quinua 대체량 증가에 따른 반죽의 안정성이 저하되어 버린 것으로 생각되어진다. 더욱이 lipase를 첨가하면 반죽이 분화하는 경향이 보여졌지만 첨가량 75ppm에 있어서 상당히 비용적의 증대가 보였다. 이것은 lipase의 가수분해에 의해

• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2022

The development of the electrical, electronic, and telecommunication industries has increased the share of electricity in total energy consumption. With the enforcement of the Act on the Promotion of the Development, Use, and Diffusion of New and Renewable Energy in 2021, the mandatory supply ratio of new and renewable energy is expected to expand, and the amount of waste cables generated in the stage of replacing and discarding cables used in the industry is also expected to increase. The purpose of this study was to quantify the environmental burden of waste cable recycling through the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The results showed that the higher the amount of glue contained in the waste cable, the greater was the amount of fine dust and greenhouse gases generated. In addition, by assigning weights to 10 environmental burden items, it was confirmed that the marine aquatic eco-toxicity potential (MAETP) and human toxicity potential (HTP) had the greatest environmental burden. The main causes were identified as heptane and ethanol, which were the glue contained in the waste cable and the cleaning solutions used to remove them. Therefore, it is necessary to refrain from using glue in the cable production process and reduce the environmental burden by reducing the use of waste cable cleaning solutions used in the recycling process or using alternative materials.