• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2023

Bikes have recently emerged as an alternative to carbon neutrality. To understand the demand for public bikes, we endeavored to estimate travel frequency of public bike by considering the intermediate stops. Using the GPS trajectory data of 'Ttareungyi', a public bike service in Seoul, we identified a stay point and estimated travel frequency reflecting population, land use, and physical characteristics. Application of map matching and a stay point detection algorithm revealed that stay point appeared in about 12.1% of the total trips. Compared to a trip without stay point, the trip with stay point has a longer average travel distance and travel time and a higher occurrence rate during off-peak hours. According to visualization analysis, the stay points are mainly found in parks, leisure facilities, and business facilities. To consider the stay point, the unit of analysis was set as a hexagonal grid rather than the existing rental station base. Travel frequency considering the stay point were analyzed using the Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) model. Results of our analysis revealed that the travel frequency were higher in bike infrastructure where the safety of bike users was secured, such as 'Bikepath' and 'Bike and pedestrian path'. Also, public bikes play a role as first & last mile means of access to public transportation. The measure of travel frequency was also observed to increase in life and employment centers. Considering the results of this analysis, securing safety facilities and space for users should be given priority when planning any additional expansion of bike infrastructure. Moreover, there is a necessity to establish a plan to supply bike infrastructure facilities linked to public transportation, especially the subway.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.41-50
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• 2012

Most of the developed countries and Korea have continued to invest much money in developing low-carbon vehicles such as electric car, methanol car and hydrogen car to replace the conventional fossil fuel vehicles. Government and local governments of each country, however, grope to construct roads for bicycle and public bicycle rental systems because bicycle is the only ultimate and feasible non-pollution transportation. Most of the current bicycle monitoring systems have achieved automation of rental process in bicycle stations, but they can not monitor bicycles in use. This paper develops GPS-CDMA modem combined terminals and implements a LBS-based bicycle monitoring system using them for public bicycle rental system. The monitoring system collects location information from GPS-CDMA modem combined terminals attached on bicycles and presents the moving tracks of bicycles on a GIS map for easy return and redistribution of bicycles. Also, the system helps to prevent from theft and vandalism of bicycles and to recommend the nearest bicycle station.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.253-267
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• 2016

The world's major cities operate public rental bicycle systems to complement the existing problems of public transport in the city. Disclosing the rental history data in Daejeon has opened new analytical possibilities. In this paper, we proposed a method to analyze the data using the visualization. We found a positional feature of the station according to the bicycle usage. In addition, we examined the bicycle usage patterns according to the time/day/month. On the other hand, the usage patterns between each of the bicycle stations were identified through a path analysis. The specific objectives were identified through each stop destination ratio analysis. Based on these data, we suggest a direction of Daejeon public bicycle rental system development.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.394-408
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• 2016

This study aims to study the impact of weather conditions and locational characteristics of bike stations on the usage of public bike sharing system for efficient deployment and operation of public bike systems. Linear regression analysis is used to estimate the usage of public bikes of Goyang city. The statistical analysis shows that the usage rate increases with average temperature and decreases under high wind (over 7m/s) or high temperature (over $29^{\circ}$) condition. The usage rate of public bike sharing system can be differentiated by locational characteristics of bike station such as residential area, commercial area, park, school, and metro station. The usage rate increases in park and commercial areas from 10 AM to 3 PM, while it increases in school areas from 3 PM to 5 PM. Public bikes are highly used near the metro station from 5 PM to 8 PM. The stations in parks are highly used in late night, and the usage rate in CBD area increases after the midnight.

• Review of Korean Society for Internet Information
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2018

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2011

This is a study on operation system's application method for leading-in public bike operation system through researching on case study at home and abroad, and situation research in Naju city. In the 1st research, studied about the main problems showed at application cases of public bike system at domestic and overseas, such as using time, danger for be stolen and damaged. 2nd research focuses on necessarily of leading-in operation system to be used easily by city residents and travelers of Naju City which is the scheduled city for leading-in public bike system. 3rd research is on the basis of the result showed in 1st and 2nd research, supplied some problems' solving method for France Veblib System, such as lending and rental process using mobile, system operation process, communication process. Also, supplied the application method for problems showed at 1st and 2nd research and civil service proposal. The leading-in method study on public bike operation system was done through above research, also case study at home and abroad, situation study, and rental program module development, and this operation system is worked as an model operation system in Naju City. The future study of leading-in operation system will be more effective by means of summing up test running result.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.147-165
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• 2020

The sharing economy service is now spreading in various fields such as accommodation, cars and bicycles. In particular, bicycle-sharing service have become very popular around the world, and since September 2015, Seoul has been providing a bicycle-sharing service called 'Ttareungi'. However, the number of bicycles is unbalanced among rental stations continuously according to the user's bicycle use. In order to solve these problems, we employed social network analysis using Ttareungi data in Seoul, Korea. We analyzed degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and k-core. As a result, the degree centrality was found to be closely linked with bus or subway transfer center. Closeness centrality was found to be in an unbalanced departure and arrival frequency or poor public transport proximity. Betweenness centrality means where the frequency of departure and arrival occurs frequently. Finally, the k-core analysis showed that Mapo-gu was the most important group by time zone. Therefore, the results of this study may contribute to the planning of relocation and additional installation of bike rental station in Seoul.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2019.01a
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• pp.433-434
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• 2019

이 논문은 공공 빅 데이터를 활용하여 '서울자전거 따릉이'를 기반으로 자전거 교통 데이터베이스 시스템을 제작하고, 제작한 데이터베이스 시스템을 활용하는 예시를 보여주고 있습니다. 데이터베이스 시스템의 제작 과정을 통하여 데이터베이스 설계, 데이터 수집, 제작 및 가공 과정, 데이터베이스 시스템의 유용한 활용 예시를 확인할 수 있습니다. 버스, 택시와 같이 따릉이와 연계할 수 있는 다양한 대중교통 데이터를 추가로 활용한다면 더욱 정확하게 따릉이의 발전방향과 혼잡한 교통 환경 개선을 제시할 수 있는 유용한 정보를 도출할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.43-55
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• 2012

Bicycle is an environment-friendly transport mode contributing to a more sustainable transportation systems. To innovatively increase the use of bicycle as a significant transport mode, bicycle-friendly roadway environment should be provided. This study proposes a method to evaluate cycling environment based on the analysis of data collected from an specially equipped probe bicycle. The inertial measurement unit(IMU) consisting of a gyro sensor, accelerometer, and a global positioning systems(GPS) receiver was installed on the probe bicycle. Cycling stability index(CSI) and bicycle speed data were used as inputs of the proposed evaluation framework adopting the Fault Tree Analysis, which is a well-known technique for the risk analysis. The outcomes of this study will serve as an intelligent assesment tool for cycling environment.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.107-120
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• 2023

The public bicycle of Seoul, Ttareungyi, was launched at October 2015 to reduce traffic and carbon emissions in downtown Seoul and now, 2023 Oct, the cumulative number of user is upto 4 million and the number of bike is about 43,000 with about 2700 stations. However, super growth of Ttareungyi has caused the several problems, especially demand/supply mismatch, and thus the Seoul citizen has been complained about out of stock. In this point, this study conducted a real time demand forecasting model to prevent stock out bike at stations. To develop the model, the research team gathered the rental·return transaction data of 20,000 bikes in whole 1600 stations for 2019 year and then analyzed bike usage, user behavior, bike stations, and so on. The forecasting model using machine learning is developed to predict the amount of rental/return on each bike station every hour through daily learning with the recent 90 days data with the weather information. The model is validated with MAE and RMSE of bike stations, and tested as a prototype service on the Seoul Bike Management System(Mobile App) for the relocation team of Seoul City.