• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.3
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• pp.311-320
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• 2003

The Optimal filter yielding optimal texture feature separation is a most effective technique for extracting the texture objects from multiple textures images. But, most optimal filter design approaches are restricted to the issue of supervised problems. No full-unsupervised method is based on the recognition of texture objects in image. We propose a novel approach that uses unsupervised learning schemes for efficient texture image analysis, and the band-pass feature of Gabor-filter is used for the optimal filter design. In our approach, the self-organizing neural network for multiple texture image identification is based on block-based clustering. The optimal frequency of Gabor-filter is turned to the optimal frequency of the distinct texture in frequency domain by analyzing the spatial frequency. In order to show the performance of the designed filters, after we have attempted to build a various texture images. The texture objects extraction is achieved by using the designed Gabor-filter. Our experimental results show that the performance of the system is very successful.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.117-128
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• 2005

The French Belle Epoque is a period where the literary and artistic movement was very activated. The birth of the cubism reflects this atmosphere of the times and the change of paradigm in all fields. The Bergsonism is often designated as one of the important backgrounds of cubism. The problem consists in knowing if Bergsonian ideas gave real influence on the cubist movement and up to what point. Our analysis will show that it is not homogenous and very variable according to painters. In the case of Picasso and Braques it seems be a simple inspiration of Zeitgeist. But the influence upon Metzinger and Gleizes is explicit. The text of 1912, Du cubism, prove their attachment to his thought. The key concept of cubist theory, influenced by Bergsonian philosophy, is the concept of simultaneity. Cubist simultaneity is in one hand a reflection of an artist's psychological experience and the other hand a synthesis of multiple views for grasping the object in itself by the way of conceptual representation. The temporal simultaneity could be identified with the notion of memory, which is a temporal continuity connecting the past to dynamic present. The spatial simultaneity is a juxtaposition of multiple views obtained by the movement around the object. But the dose reading of Bergson's text shows that there is a divergence between the notion of cubist simultaneity and his ideas. The biased interpretation is often, as well as the strict understanding, like the history shows us well, a great source of inspiration and creativity. The cubist mouvement is not far from this case.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.936-946
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• 2009

A graph cuts method has recently attracted a lot of attentions for image segmentation, as it can globally minimize energy functions composed of data term that reflects how each pixel fits into prior information for each class and smoothness term that penalizes discontinuities between neighboring pixels. In previous approaches to graph cuts-based automatic image segmentation, GMM(Gaussian mixture models) is generally used, and means and covariance matrixes calculated by EM algorithm were used as prior information for each cluster. However, it is practicable only for clusters with a hyper-spherical or hyper-ellipsoidal shape, as the cluster was represented based on the covariance matrix centered on the mean. For arbitrary-shaped clusters, this paper proposes graph cuts-based image segmentation using mean shift analysis. As a prior information to estimate the data term, we use the set of mean trajectories toward each mode from initial means randomly selected in $L^*u^*{\upsilon}^*$ color space. Since the mean shift procedure requires many computational times, we transform features in continuous feature space into 3D discrete grid, and use 3D kernel based on the first moment in the grid, which are needed to move the means to modes. In the experiments, we investigate the problems of mean shift-based and normalized cuts-based image segmentation methods that are recently popular methods, and the proposed method showed better performance than previous two methods and graph cuts-based automatic image segmentation using GMM on Berkeley segmentation dataset.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.438-442
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• 2005

Batch experiments were performed to investigate the effects of volumetric mixing ratio(v/v) of two substrates, food wastes(FW) and waste activated sludge(WAS). In batch experiments, optimum mixing ratio for hydrogen production was found at $10{\sim}20$ v/v % addition of WAS. CSTR(Continuous Stirred tank reactor) was operated to investigate the hydrogen productivity and the microbial community under various HRTs and volumetric mixing ratio(v/v) of two substrates. The maximum yield of specific hydrogen production, 140 mL/g VSS, was found at HRT of 2 day and the volumetric mixing ratio of 20:80(WAS:FW). The spatial distribution of hydrogen producing bacteria was observed in anaerobic fermentative reactor using fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) method.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 2015

There is no willow riparian vegetation in Jeju Island, Korea. Instead, a genetically-isolated population of Adina rubella is found in some parts of the riparian system. We describe its syntaxonomy and synecology. A total of 27 phytosociological relev$\acute{e}$s were collected, 11 relev$\acute{e}$s from 91 sites and 16 relev$\acute{e}$s from the previously published relevant materials. Data were analyzed by traditional Braun-Blanquet method and multivariate PCoA (Principal coordinates analysis). New syntaxa are distinguished, Adinion rubellae all. nov. and its type association Tripogono-Adinetum rubellae ass. nov. with two subassociations, typicum and rhododendretosum poukhanensae. Adino-Rhododendretum poukhanensae Itow et al. 1993 was discarded owing to mismatch of syntaxonomy and syngeography of Adina and Rhododendron phytocoena. The alliance Adinion is Jeju's regional and partly ombrotrophic vegetation occurring in pothole and rock crevice where are independent on ground-water table. We also suggest a revised alliance, Rhododendrion poukhanensae Lee 2004 ex. hoc loco in Korean peninsula, as a corresponding syntaxon to Adinion, which completely differs from Phragmito-Salicion. Finally we pointed out that Adina phytocoena requiring an absolutely monitoring has been threatened by river maintenance project of local government.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.256-264
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• 2014

This study was carried out to estimate the benthic environments and polychaetous community in Garolim Bay, through five field surveys from April 2006 to April 2007. Garilim Bay is a semi-enclosed bay and composed of a biramous tidal channel and nearby wide tidal flats. Surface sediment in the inner bay was composed of fine grained particles whereas that in the mouth area of bay was of coarse grained ones. Benthic polychaete worms were the most dominant taxa occupying 65.1% of total benthic macrofauna. Species number was higher in the inner bay than mouth and outer area of bay, and in the bay higher on the tidal flat than channel area. Density was higher on the tidal flat than channel area. Dominant polychaetous species were Prionospio sp., Heteromastus filiformis, Lumbrineris longifolia and so on, which is known as opportunistic species. Prionospio sp. and H. filiformis inhabited mainly on the tidal flats in inner bay, while L. longifolia in the channel area and mouth of the bay. Cluster analysis and nMDS showed the typical inner-to-outward distribution of station groups, which indicated the sequential difference of the species composition of each station group. To assess the benthic healthiness of Garolim Bay by AMBI and BPI analysis, the benthic condition was analyzed from slightly polluted in the outer and mouth of the bay to moderately polluted in the inner bay. Assumed from dominant species composition and benthic healthiness condition, benthic environments of Garolim Bay was slightly unstable and disturbed and organic enrichment was currently underway by massed fisheries farms.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.175-186
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• 2021

The roles and functions of domestic public libraries are diversifying, but various problems have emerged due to internally biased book lending. In addition, due to the 4th Industrial Revolution, public libraries have introduced a book recommendation system focusing on popular books, but the variety of books that users can access is limited. Therefore, in this study, the public library unborrowed book recommendation system was implemented limiting its spatial scope to Duryu Library in Daegu City to enhance the satisfaction of public library users, by using the loan records data (213,093 cases), user information (35,561 people), etc. and utilizing methods like cluster analysis, topic modeling, content-based filtering recommendation algorithm, and conducted a survey on actual users' satisfaction to present the possibility and implications of the unborrowed book recommendation system. As a result of the analysis, the majority of users responded with high satisfaction, and was able to find the satisfaction was relatively high in the class classified by specific gender, age, occupation, and usual reading. Through the results of this study, it is expected that some problems such as biased book lending and reduced operational efficiency of public libraries can be improved, and limitations of the study was also presented.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.237-246
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• 2021

The similarity of hourly PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentration profiles of the atmospheric monitoring stations in Gyeonggi-do was evaluated through the multilateral analysis between stations. The existing category for most stations in the regions shows relatively low Pearson correlation values of 0.68 and 0.7 for PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 on average respectively, and some monitoring stations revealed high relationships over 0.8 to other regions. Since the current regions are mainly categorized by cluster analysis based on the number of occurrence of high concentration events and geological factors, it is necessary to reclassify them by concentration characteristics for precise fine dust management. In accordance, multi-dimensional scaling being able to visualize could categorize the regions based on regional emission contribution rate and hourly fine dust concentration. As a result of the current analysis, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 could be reclassified into five regions and fourregions, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.332-342
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• 2013

We collected zooplankton from May to October, 2011, with the aim of understanding the zooplankton community distribution and food web interaction between the open water and littoral (aquatic plants) zones in two small reservoirs with different land covers (Sobudang, Myeongdong). Small-sized reservoirs are more abundant in South Korea, and a total of 51 and 65 species of zooplankton were identified at the two small reservoir (Sobudang and Myeongdong), where zooplankton densities were more abundant in the littoral zone than in the open water zone. Cladocerans and copepods densities were also higher in the littoral zone, in contrast, rotifers showed higher densities in the open water zone (t-test, P/0.05). Epiphytic zooplankton dominated at the littoral zone (Lecane, Monostyla, Alona and Chydorus) because aquatic plants provided refuge spaces for attachment. Some rotifers (e.g. Brachionus, Keratella and Polyarthra) were more abundant in the open water zone because of their small size, which might help them to go unnoticed by predators. In two-way ANOVA, rotifers related to two reservoirs or habitat space (littoral zone and open water zone), but cladocerans and copepods showed a statistically significant relationship on only two reservoirs. The results of stable isotope analysis showed that zooplankton in the littoral zone tended to depend on organic matter attached to aquatic plants as a food source, which indicates the avoidance of competition of zooplankton with other macro-invertebrates (e.g. Damselfly larva, Cybister brevis and Neocardina denticulate). As a result, zooplankton community distribution is determined by not only habitat space (aquatic plant zone and open water zone) but also by food source (phytoplankton).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.91-97
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• 2003

본 연구는 온라인 게임공간에서 게이머들이 어떻게 서로 다른 가치관과 행동 패턴을 드러내는지를 확인하고 이를 통해 온라인 게임세계의 문화를 이해하고 분석하기 위해 실시되었다. 전 세계에서 가장 많은 게이머들이 활동하고 있고, 한국과 일본에서 동시에 서비스되고 있는 온라인 게임인 〈리니지〉의 게이머들을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하여 '라이프 스타일' 분석틀을 이용해서 이들이 게임공간에서 보이는 행동을 분류하였다. 글 결과 한국과 일본의 리니지 사용자들에게서 거의 유사한 세 가지 라이프스타일 패턴이 추출되었으며 한국과 일본에서 라이프스타일에 따른 행동 패턴이 일관적으로 나타나고 있음을 확인하였다. 도한 한국과 일본의 문화적 차이는 각 라이프스타일 프로파일의 극단성과 분포비율에 의해 반영되는 것으로 확인되었다. 일본의 탈사회적 게이머는 한국의 그것에 비해 더 극단적인 반면 전체 응답자 중에서 차지하는 비율이 적었고 게임 세계에서의 사회 경제적 위치도 낮았으며 한국에서는 비교적 적은 비율을 차지하던 싱글 플레이어 유형이 일본에서는 가장 많은 비중을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 일본의 게이머들은 라이프스타일에 상관없이 대부분이 게임 공동체에 가입하는 반면 한국의 게이머들은 라이프스타일에 따라 공동체 참여율이 달랐지만 전체적인 참여율은 일본에 비해 높았다. 이러한 차이는 일본 게임세계에서 공동체 참여는 기본적인 의무인 반면 한국에서는 현실적인 이익과 직결된 활동임을 시사한다. 또한 게임몰입수준은 한국보다 일본의 리니지 게이머들이 높았다. 아시아 각 국에 한국에서 개발한 동일한 온라인 게임이 확산되어 있는 현황을 고려할 때, 온라인 게이머의 라이프스타일 척도는 한국과 일본뿐만 아니라 대만과 중국, 홍콩, 그리고 미국과 같은 리니지 게임이 서비스되는 모든 국가의 문화적 차이를 이해하고 과학적으로 분석할 수 있는 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 의미를 되새기는 것으로 짧은 연구를 시작하겠다. 등은 활성 값이 70% 이상으로 퇴적물 독성이 상대적으로 낮았다. 이중나선 DNA 함량은 28.4 % - 49%로 대조군에 비해서 감소가 크다. 대부분의 정점이 대조군의 30% 내외로 정점 간의 차이는 크지는 않다. 그러나 다른 측정자료와 같이 정점 22에서 18%로 최소치를 나타내고, 정점 2, 12에서 20% 내외의 값을 보인다. 종합적으로 볼 때 오염물질의 유입이 크고, 광양제철 인근 정점 들이 모두 다른 정점에 비해서 낮아서, 퇴적물 독성이 높은 정점으로 조사되었다.hiwo의 광합성 능력은 낮은 농도들에서는 대조구와 유사하였으나, 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l의 높은 농도에서는 초기에 매우 낮은 광합성 능력을 보이다가 시간이 경과하면서 대조군보다 더 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 식물플랑크톤이 benso[a]pyrene의 낮은 농도에서 노출될 때는 이 물질을 탄소원으로 사용할 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과들은 연안해역에 benso[a]pyrene과 같은 지속성 유기오염물질이 유입되었을 때 내정여부에 따라 식물플랑크톤 군집내 종 천이와 일차생산력에 크게 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다.TEX>5.2개)였으며, 등급별 회수율은 각각 GI(8.5%), GII(13.4%), GIII(43.9%), GIV(34.2%)로 나타났다.ments of that period left both in Japan and Korea. "Hyojedo" in Korea is supposed to have been influenced by the letter design. Asite- is also considered to have been "Japanese Letter Jobcheso." Therefore, the purpose of this study is to look into