• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 1999

The study ooramed has the meanngs as a goal, to examine a character and changes of function a "Maru" in the literatures historically. Methodically the literatures in the temporal oonsequences were selected, and the "Maru", whidl oomes into it, was interpreted in its historical oonnections. By the investigation I oould oome to the following results. First of all, those terms "Maru" and "Daechll1Q" were cfifferently used after the sizes and p1ares of the spaces concerned. I.e, the "Maru" in the center of the house is called "Daed1ung", With the Maru does not concern actually its p1are, Secondly, the functions of the spare "Maru" are characterized as follows. ·Space for the important ceremonies ·Spare for the passage and the switching of two or several spaces. ·Determination of the hierardly of spares in the whole house. ·Spare for the receipt. ·Spare for sleeping and for living. ·Spare for work, storage etc. Thirdly, the meanings of the "Maru" were dlanged as follows in the time. ·The term "Man! was used from the past to today without interrujjion. Arot.l1d 1930 the tenns "Yangsil" and "Geosil" for the tenn "Maru" were emerged. ·The different dlaraderistics for the space "Maru" are found in the cortemporary literatures only rare. This thing explains itself by the fad that the "Maru" becomes the inner-spare after 1900 by the restructuring of the dwelling spares.hing explains itself by the fad that the "Maru" becomes the inner-spare after 1900 by the restructuring of the dwelling spares.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.89-106
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• 2020

This study examines the functionality and landscape design specifics of the outdoor space of representative commercial multi-complexes in Korea in order to overview the design trends of outdoor landscaping trends. Through surveying the composition of outdoor spaces along with their relation to the surrounding landscape, open spaces, and the neighboring communities, this paper identified the change in trends regarding the characteristics of outdoor landscape planning and acknowledged the enhanced public value of outdoor space. This study asserts that the characteristics of outdoor spaces can best be understood by examining the ways in which the outdoor space relates to adjoining commercial multi-complexes and the surrounding landscape. Focusing on the relationships that outdoor space establishes, commercial multi-complexes can be categorized as follows: in/outdoor separated type, in/outdoor semi-open type, surrounding landscape-projected type, and surrounding landscape-combined type. By studying the landscape design specifics of the outdoor space of representative cases of each type, the following has been concluded: First, the amount of outdoor space has expanded in terms of importance and function while serving to assist in various activities and participatory experiences, and no longer merely serves as a backdrop of commercial facilities. Second, with the strengthened connectivity between in/outdoor spaces, the elements of outdoor surroundings are more actively introduced indoors to improve amenities. Through directly connecting certain indoor program spaces with outdoor spaces, commercial multi-complexes tend to provide richer combined experiences. Third, with the expansion of outdoor space functionality, commercial multi-complexes are increasingly recognized as a quasi-public space, making good example of liminal space. In light of the recent case of development plans linked with public open spaces in suburban settings, commercial landscape design shows the possibility of creating an open space that can function as a center for local culture and green networks in the community.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.349-372
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• 2003

The location of tourist function is influenced by the accessibility of fishing villages and tourist potential in the villages. In Jeju island, the accessibility of fishing villages is not enough of a difference, therefore tourist potential in the villages has a dominant influence on the tourist location. In the location of the tourist function, there is all the difference between sea or land. Because sea and land are a remarkable contrast in physical condition and tourist activity space. Consequently, the basic types of the tourist location are sea-oriented, land-oriented, sea land-oriented. Besides, fishing villages adjacent to the beach and islands are to be the types of the tourist location. The former is not central fishing village in the tourist location, the latter is not good in the accessibility of the basic three types. And the location of the tourist function has a dominant influence on the difference of tourist fishing villages, therefore the types of the tourist location is to be the types of tourist fishing villages.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.455-455
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• 2022

경제적 발달과 사회적 성장으로 인한 도심지 하천과 호소와 같은 수변공간의 개발에 대한 시민의 요구는 다양화되고 높은 수준의 요구가 증가하고 있다. 도심의 수변공간은 도시내 다양한 사회생활과 사람간의 교류가 이루어지는 활동적인 공간이자. 정적이기도 한 다양한 기능을 가진 공간이다. 이러한 도시내 수변공간은 공간은 도시를 관류하는 하천을 중심으로 시민들의 일상적인 휴식과 산책, 여가 생활을 할 수 있는 공간으로 개발되어 왔다. 그러나 전국 주요 도시의 하천들이 수변개발을 통해 동일한 시설과 콘텐츠를 적용함으로써 하천의 다양성이 부족하였다. 수변공간의 개발은 1990년대 이후 도심하천중심의 조경하천으로 개발이 진행되었으며 수변공간 주변에 주거지역이나 상업지역이 들어서면서 기존의 도심 공간에 수변공간이 개발되어 시민의 접근성을 높이고자 하였다. 그러나 개발된 수변공간은 최근의 수변공간 개발은 시민들이 즐겁고 편안하게 즐길 수 있는 공간을 제공하고 지역의 특성을 살리는 방향으로 추진되고 있다. 현재까지 개발된 수변공간은 접근성과 공공성의 결여 주변여건과의 부조화 등이 문제점으로 제시되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 많은 수변공간에서 관광, 축제, 일상휴식, 레저 등 다양한 목적과 기능으로 시민들이 활용하고 있다. 본 연구는 수변공간 개발을 위해 선행연구를 조사하여 문제점과 수변개발의 특성, 유형 등을 분류한 후 수변공간 개발 시 고려사항과 평가사항을 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.10c
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• pp.247-249
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• 2002

최근 3D 공간 객체의 효율적인 표현을 위해, 3D 연산 및 다차원 인덱싱 기법에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한 이러한 인덱스나 연산을 기반으로 많은 응용프로그램들이 개발되고 있다. 그러나, 대부분의 응용프로그램들은 단순히 비공간 속성에 대한 질의를 기반으로 한 3D 객체의 시각화에만 치중하고 있기 때문에, 3D 공간 객체에 관한 분석 기능을 제대로 지원하지 못하고 있다. 따라서, 이 논문에서는 3D 공간 객체에 관한 효율적 분석 기능을 제공할 수 있는 3D 공간 연산 처리기를 설계 및 구현하였다. 기존 시스템과의 상호운용을 위해서, 제안한 연산 처리기는 OpenGIS의 2차원 기하 객체 모텔을 3차원으로 확장한 3D 기하 객체 모델을 기반으로 하였다. 또한 빠른 공간 연산을 수행하기 위해 인덱스와 연동하여 구현하였다. 이 연산 처리기는 3D GIS에 적용될 경우, 효율적인 공간 분석 기능을 제공할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.78-88
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• 2002

본 연구는 울산월드컵경기장의 조경현황을 분석함과 동시에 경기가 끝난 후에도 이곳을 찾는 이용자들의 요구를 수렴함으로써, 향후 경기장조경시에 적용할 수 있는 교훈을 얻기 위한 목적을 두고 진행되었다. 조경현황에 대한 분석 자료는 월드컵경기장 조경을 위한 시공보고서와 도면 및 사진 그리고 현장에서 수집한 제반 자료이며, 이용자요구는 현장에서 조사한 이용행태이다. 연구결과 2002월드컵대회에 대비해서 만들어진 울산월드컵경기장은 건축공간을 확보하는 과정에 서 대규모의 정지작업을 실시하여 과다한 지형변화가 발생하였으나, 친환경적인 법면의 처리와 향토식생의 도입 및 대형목 등의 이식을 통해서 자연과 친화될 수 있는 경관을 조성하고 있었다. 특히 기존의 옥동저수지를 보전.활용하여 친수공간을 확보한 것은 울산월드컵경기장조경에서 주목할만한 특징으로써, 기회요소를 지혜롭게 활용한 좋은 사례가 되고 있다. 한편, 울산월드컵경기장은 시민들이 부담 없이 여가공간으로 활용할 수 있는 공원적 기능이 체육시설에 접목됨으로써 기존의 경기장과는 달기 체육, 문화, 교육기능이 복합적으로 기능하는 세계적 수준의 체육공원으로 개발되었다. 또한, 울산이 가진 역사 문화적 요소를 상징적인 설계언어로 도입한 것은 역사적 장소성을 중시한 설계방법으로서 이것 역시 울산월드컵경기장조경의 특징으로 손꼽을 수 있는 것이다. 특히 울산월드컵경기장은 경기가 종료된 이후에도 시민들에게 적극적으로 개방되고 있으며, 시민공원의 성격으로 이용될 수 있는 다원적 기능을 가지고 있어서 주목되는 바가 컸다 이와 같은 경기장 건설의 개념은 공간의 이용을 시간적으로 확장하는 것으로서 향후 보다 적극적으로 도입되어야 할 현대적 개념의 공간이용으로 볼 수 있다. 연구결과 향후 울산월드컵경기장이 시민의 휴식과 문화공간으로서 보다 적극적으로 기능하기 위해서는 경기장은 물론 공원으로 이용되는 공간에 대한 철저한 유지관리와 운영관리에 대한 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 특히 자연환경이 훼손된 부분에 대해서는 원래의 생태적 질서가 회복될 수 있도록 더욱 노력하여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.820-844
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• 2010

This study investigates the effect of GIS-integrated lessons on spatial thinking abilities and geographical skills using discourse analysis along with a comparative three-case case study method. A series of curricula were designed and implemented in an 8th grade classroom for a semester. The data collected consist of the dialogue transcripts of six consecutive GIS-integrated lessons. The transcripts were analyzed to identify the moves (speech acts) used by each student and to classify discourse content of spatial thinking and geographical skills. Based on three individual case studies, a cross-case study was performed to uncover any relationship between the phenomenon and the contexts. The empirical evidence from discourse analysis demonstrated that students were able to generate appropriate terms representative of spatial thinking and geographical skills although students appeared to possess primarily lower-order spatial abilities, followed by a moderate-level of spatial abilities. Considering that the unit was implemented in a biology class rather than a geography class the result reflected the fact that the student's spatial thinking and geographical skills were attributable to the GIS-integrated lessons. Thus, the results have a great implication for GIS-integrated lessons and geography education as an innovative tool for improving student's spatial thinking and geographical skills.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.230-240
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• 2020

To develop a virtual world-based immersive tutoring system, we would like to develop a simulation in the spatial aspect to maximize the diversity and realism of the situation. This implementation requires the modeling of virtual space as well as the knowledge and intelligent thinking functions of virtual humans. First, information structures are needed to simulate the hierarchical and multifaceted composition of space and the corresponding knowledge of virtual humans. Specifically, four structures for 2.5D spatial distribution expression, complex spatial relationship expression, object expression, and temporal and spatial representation of events are developed respectively. It then uses these expressed knowledge to develop the spatial thinking function of virtual humans needed to make spatial movement. In general, events have a chain effect on adjacent or connected objects through force, resulting in a variety of situations and reflected in the planning of the next action by the virtual humans involved. For this purpose, the development of events according to historical trends is recorded on the representation structure of time and space. It embodies typical events to demonstrate the feasibility of independent behavior in complex spaces among virtual people.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 2008

This study has conducted the survey Daegu area on the evaluation of the wind generation by the spatial geograph conditions and according to the elements that practically affecting the generation of the wind. Because the elements affecting the wind generation are very diverse and interrelated, it is very important to secure accurate fundamental datas. For getting these datas, by applying satellite images to the study, more accurate datas were collected and the result of study is summarized as follows First of all, it has been acknowledged that due to the Daegu,s geographic features, there are a lot of areas with high wind generation, but most of these areas have been distributed in the outskirts of the city, where as in the areas wind generation is relatively very low in the urbanized areas, which indicate that the spatial unbalance is very high. And what is more of wind generation in certain areas where places spatially connected to the urbane district, show very low wind generations, and its influenced range become limited. From this fact, it can be estimated that the effects of the wind corridor coming into the urban district will be reduced. And also through this study, it could be verified that there are ample possibility of applying the satellite data as a means of building up the spatial data for evaluation of formation of the wind corridor.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.83-97
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• 2011

In this study, space allocation with an assessment system for improving the function of the ecological use and function of each space was undertaken to suggest appropriate goals and directions. Ogeum Park, used as the study site, is a stronghold green zone located in the fan-shaped area of the Songpa-gu green zone on a 22ha area site. The assessment system for this study consisted of a total of 3 steps: Step 1 includes the division of the spatial block, Step 2 assesses the proper functioning of each spatial block, while Step 3 includes space allocation and presents improvements for function by space. This study performed a basin analysis with the consideration that Ogeum Park is a forest area and divided the site into a total of 8 areas according to how the sections of land are used. The function of wildlife habitat included an analysis of plant ecology(vegetation type, vegetation layer, potential vegetation), animal ecology(wild birds), and waterways. The function of leisure and use included an analysis of gradients, noise, paths, status of use, and status of facilities. The evaluation of the function of habitat sorted items into native vegetation, vegetation diversification, vegetation potential, animal diversification and potential of animal habitats. The results of grading the evaluation scores by space in the function of habitat showed that the Areas IV and VII, which were 90% of the maximum point, were Grade A, Areas II and V were Grade B at 70% and Area I and VI were Grade C at 50%. Areas III and VIII, which were not found to be beyond the standard of 50%, were excluded. The evaluation of the functions of leisure and use classified items into use potential, use preference, use concentration, use diversification and use convenience. The results of the graded evaluation scores by space in use function, showed areas V and VI as Grade A, or 90% of the maximum score. Grade B, 70% of the maximum score, was given to Areas I and VII. Grade C, 50% of the maximum score, included Areas II, IV and VIII. Area III, graded lower the standard of 50%, was excluded. The study evaluated areas according to a common standard, classified spaces by proper functions into ecological spaces, environmentally-friendly use spaces and use spaces according to the standard of spatial distribution on the basis of the above results through a synthesis of grades of habitat function, leisure function and use. This offers ideas for the improvement of wildlife habitat and environment-friendly use functions by space.