• Title/Summary/Keyword: 곱모형

Search Result 99, Processing Time 0.028 seconds

Light weight architecture for acoustic scene classification (음향 장면 분류를 위한 경량화 모형 연구)

  • Lim, Soyoung;Kwak, Il-Youp
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
    • /
    • v.34 no.6
    • /
    • pp.979-993
    • /
    • 2021
  • Acoustic scene classification (ASC) categorizes an audio file based on the environment in which it has been recorded. This has long been studied in the detection and classification of acoustic scenes and events (DCASE). In this study, we considered the problem that ASC faces in real-world applications that the model used should have low-complexity. We compared several models that apply light-weight techniques. First, a base CNN model was proposed using log mel-spectrogram, deltas, and delta-deltas features. Second, depthwise separable convolution, linear bottleneck inverted residual block was applied to the convolutional layer, and Quantization was applied to the models to develop a low-complexity model. The model considering low-complexity was similar or slightly inferior to the performance of the base model, but the model size was significantly reduced from 503 KB to 42.76 KB.

Analyses of Capacity and Lest-Turn Adjustment Factors for Permitted Left-Turn (비보호좌회전 보정계수 및 용량 분석)

  • 김경환;강남기
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
    • /
    • v.16 no.1
    • /
    • pp.129-150
    • /
    • 1998
  • 신호교차로에서의 효율적인 교통운영을 위해서는 비보호좌회전의 활성화가 필요하며 이를 위해서는 비보호좌회전이 허용되는 신호교차로에서의 교통운영의 정확한 분석이 가능해야한다. 본연구에서는 국내신호교차로에서의 운전자의 행태에 기초하여 USHCM의 비보호 좌회전 분석에서 요구되는 $g_f$, $g_q$, $P_L$, 의 현실적인 값을 산정하기 위한 모형이 제안되었으며 이에 기초하여 비보호좌회전 보정계수 및 용량분석 기법을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공용차로를 가진 비보호좌회전 신호교차로에서 주기당 좌회전교통량(LTC)이 5대까지의 범위에서 G(녹색신호시간)와 LTC를 변수로 한 $g_f$모형이 개발되었다. 둘째, $v_{olc}$$qr_o$를 변수로 한 $g_q$모형이 개발되었으며 제안된 모형에 의한 $g_q$값이 진주 및 광주에서의 현장관측치와 거의 일치함을 볼 수 있었다. 셋째, 1994 USHCM의 $P_L$모형이 LTC가 증가할수록 $P_L$값이 감소하는 비현실적인 모형의 구조를 가지므로 현실적인 모형의 구축을 위해 국내 현장자료에 기초하여 LTC를 변수로하여 $P_L$산정을 위한 단순화된 모형이 개발되었다. 넷째, 대향교통류를 통해 좌회전할 수 있는 유효녹색시간의 부분의 $g_u$를 산정하여 비보호좌회전 포화교통류율($S_{LT}$)에 주기 대 $g_u$의 비를 곱한 비보호좌회전 용량산정식이 제안되었다.

  • PDF

Banded vector heterogeneous autoregression models (밴드구조 VHAR 모형)

  • Sangtae Kim;Changryong Baek
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
    • /
    • v.36 no.6
    • /
    • pp.529-545
    • /
    • 2023
  • This paper introduces the Banded-VHAR model suitable for high-dimensional long-memory time series with band structure. The Banded-VHAR model has nonignorable correlations only with adjacent dimensions due to data features, for example, geographical information. Row-wise estimation method is adapted for fast computation. Also, two estimation methods, namely BIC and ratio methods, are proposed to estimate the width of band. We demonstrate asymptotic consistency of our proposed estimation methods through simulation study. Real data applications to pm2.5 and apartment trading volume substantiate that our Banded-VHAR model outperforms traditional sparse VHAR model in forecasting and easy to interpret model coefficients.

The Study on The Identification Model of Friend or Foe on Helicopter by using Binary Classification with CNN

  • Kim, Tae Wan;Kim, Jong Hwan;Moon, Ho Seok
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
    • /
    • v.25 no.3
    • /
    • pp.33-42
    • /
    • 2020
  • There has been difficulties in identifying objects by relying on the naked eye in various surveillance systems. There is a growing need for automated surveillance systems to replace soldiers in the field of military surveillance operations. Even though the object detection technology is developing rapidly in the civilian domain, but the research applied to the military is insufficient due to a lack of data and interest. Thus, in this paper, we applied one of deep learning algorithms, Convolutional Neural Network-based binary classification to develop an autonomous identification model of both friend and foe helicopters (AH-64, Mi-17) among the military weapon systems, and evaluated the model performance by considering accuracy, precision, recall and F-measure. As the result, the identification model demonstrates 97.8%, 97.3%, 98.5%, and 97.8 for accuracy, precision, recall and F-measure, respectively. In addition, we analyzed the feature map on convolution layers of the identification model in order to check which area of imagery is highly weighted. In general, rotary shaft of rotating wing, wheels, and air-intake on both of ally and foe helicopters played a major role in the performance of the identification model. This is the first study to attempt to classify images of helicopters among military weapons systems using CNN, and the model proposed in this study shows higher accuracy than the existing classification model for other weapons systems.

A study on Prediction of Simulator Sickness in Driving Simulation (자동차 모의운전환경에서 Simulator Sickness의 예측에 관한 연구)

  • 김도희
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
    • /
    • 1998.10a
    • /
    • pp.170-173
    • /
    • 1998
  • 본 연구에서는 시뮬레이터나 그와 유사한 가상현실환경(Virtual Reality Environment ; VRE)에서 일어날 수 있는 Simulator Sickness가 어떤 사람들에게 쉽게 발생하는지를 예측하기 위하여 다중선형회귀(Multiple linear regression) 방정식으로 예측회귀모형을 제시하였다. 이 회귀모형에서의 종속변수는 김도희 외(1998)에 의해 개발된 RSSQ의 종합점수이고, 독립변수는 실제운전경력에 1을 더한 값에 나이를 곱한 값, 과거 멀미를 경험한 정도, 1주일 평균 동화상 시간, 현재의 건강상태로 되어져 있다. 이 회귀모형의 R2값은 약 0.52로 Kolasinski(1996)의 모델보다 설명력이 18% 증가하였고, 부수적인 별도의 실험을 하지 않고도 간단한 개인 신상에 관한 간단한 자료만으로도 훨씬 좋은 결과를 예측할 수 있게 되었다. 따라서 시뮬레이터나 가상현실에서 일어나는 Simulator Sickness가 어떠한 사람에게 걸리기가 쉬운지를 쉽게 예측할 수 있게 되었고, 이러한 사람들에게는 시뮬레이터나 가상현실의 이용을 자제시키거나 주의를 주어 특별관리 함으로써 시뮬레이터나 가상현실을 운영하는데 많은 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

  • PDF

Evaluation of effects of rainfall errors on Discharge (모형내에서 강우의 불확실성이 유역의 유출량에 미치는 영향 평가)

  • Choi, Kang-Soo;Kyoung, Min-Soo;Kim, Hung-Soo;Kim, Byung-Sik
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
    • /
    • 2008.05a
    • /
    • pp.724-727
    • /
    • 2008
  • 수문학에서 유출을 모의하는데 가장 많이 쓰이는 방법은 강우-유출모형을 이용하는 방법이다. 이때 대부분의 연구에서는 강우를 참값으로 가정하고 있으며, 이러한 가정을 기초로 하여 매개변수나 동일 유역내에서 강우-유출모형에 따른 불확실성에 대한 연구가 주를 이루고 있다. 그러나 실제로 관측된 강우자체도 상당한 불확실성을 가지고 있으며, 이러한 불확실성이 강우-유출모형을 거치면서 유출량을 얼마나 변화시키는지에 대한 연구는 아직까지 활발히 이루어지지 못하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 준분포형 모형인 SLURP(Semi-distributed Land Use-based Runoff Processes)을 이용하여 안성천 유역을 대상으로 강우의 불확실성이 유역의 유출량에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 강우의 오차를 표현하기 위해 $0.4{\sim}1.3$의 강우 보정 계수를 각각 일 단위 강우사상에 곱하였으며 2004년1월1일$\sim$2007년 12월31일까지 총 4년간의 연속강우사상을 SLURP모형의 입력 자료로 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 강우의 오차가 10% 증가할 경우, 유출량은 26.3% 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 본 연구를 통해서 강우의 불확실성이 국내유역의 유출량에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가할 수 있었다.

  • PDF

Prediction of the Number of Food Poisoning Occurrences by Microbes (원인균별 식중독 발생 건수 예측)

  • Yeo, In-Kwon
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
    • /
    • v.26 no.6
    • /
    • pp.923-932
    • /
    • 2013
  • This paper proposes a method to predict the number of foodborne disease outbreaks by microbes. The weekly data of food poisoning occurrences by microbes in Korea contain many zero-valued observations and have dependency between outbreaks. In order to model both phenomena, the number of food poisonings is predicted by an autoregressive model and the probabilities of food poisoning occurrences by microbes (given the total of food poisonings) are estimated by the baseline category logit model. The predicted number of foodborne disease outbreaks by a microbe is obtained by multiplying the predicted number of foodborne disease outbreaks and the estimated probability of the food poisoning by the corresponding microbe. The mean squared error and the mean absolute value error are evaluated to compare the performances of the proposed method and the zero-inflated model.

A Time Series Graph based Convolutional Neural Network Model for Effective Input Variable Pattern Learning : Application to the Prediction of Stock Market (효과적인 입력변수 패턴 학습을 위한 시계열 그래프 기반 합성곱 신경망 모형: 주식시장 예측에의 응용)

  • Lee, Mo-Se;Ahn, Hyunchul
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
    • /
    • v.24 no.1
    • /
    • pp.167-181
    • /
    • 2018
  • Over the past decade, deep learning has been in spotlight among various machine learning algorithms. In particular, CNN(Convolutional Neural Network), which is known as the effective solution for recognizing and classifying images or voices, has been popularly applied to classification and prediction problems. In this study, we investigate the way to apply CNN in business problem solving. Specifically, this study propose to apply CNN to stock market prediction, one of the most challenging tasks in the machine learning research. As mentioned, CNN has strength in interpreting images. Thus, the model proposed in this study adopts CNN as the binary classifier that predicts stock market direction (upward or downward) by using time series graphs as its inputs. That is, our proposal is to build a machine learning algorithm that mimics an experts called 'technical analysts' who examine the graph of past price movement, and predict future financial price movements. Our proposed model named 'CNN-FG(Convolutional Neural Network using Fluctuation Graph)' consists of five steps. In the first step, it divides the dataset into the intervals of 5 days. And then, it creates time series graphs for the divided dataset in step 2. The size of the image in which the graph is drawn is $40(pixels){\times}40(pixels)$, and the graph of each independent variable was drawn using different colors. In step 3, the model converts the images into the matrices. Each image is converted into the combination of three matrices in order to express the value of the color using R(red), G(green), and B(blue) scale. In the next step, it splits the dataset of the graph images into training and validation datasets. We used 80% of the total dataset as the training dataset, and the remaining 20% as the validation dataset. And then, CNN classifiers are trained using the images of training dataset in the final step. Regarding the parameters of CNN-FG, we adopted two convolution filters ($5{\times}5{\times}6$ and $5{\times}5{\times}9$) in the convolution layer. In the pooling layer, $2{\times}2$ max pooling filter was used. The numbers of the nodes in two hidden layers were set to, respectively, 900 and 32, and the number of the nodes in the output layer was set to 2(one is for the prediction of upward trend, and the other one is for downward trend). Activation functions for the convolution layer and the hidden layer were set to ReLU(Rectified Linear Unit), and one for the output layer set to Softmax function. To validate our model - CNN-FG, we applied it to the prediction of KOSPI200 for 2,026 days in eight years (from 2009 to 2016). To match the proportions of the two groups in the independent variable (i.e. tomorrow's stock market movement), we selected 1,950 samples by applying random sampling. Finally, we built the training dataset using 80% of the total dataset (1,560 samples), and the validation dataset using 20% (390 samples). The dependent variables of the experimental dataset included twelve technical indicators popularly been used in the previous studies. They include Stochastic %K, Stochastic %D, Momentum, ROC(rate of change), LW %R(Larry William's %R), A/D oscillator(accumulation/distribution oscillator), OSCP(price oscillator), CCI(commodity channel index), and so on. To confirm the superiority of CNN-FG, we compared its prediction accuracy with the ones of other classification models. Experimental results showed that CNN-FG outperforms LOGIT(logistic regression), ANN(artificial neural network), and SVM(support vector machine) with the statistical significance. These empirical results imply that converting time series business data into graphs and building CNN-based classification models using these graphs can be effective from the perspective of prediction accuracy. Thus, this paper sheds a light on how to apply deep learning techniques to the domain of business problem solving.

Type II analysis by projections (사영을 이용한 제2종 분석)

  • Choi, Jaesung
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
    • /
    • v.23 no.6
    • /
    • pp.1155-1163
    • /
    • 2012
  • This paper suggests a method for getting sums of squares due to sources of variation under the assumption of two-way fixed effects model. The method used for calculating the quantities due to fixed-effects is based on the projections of an observation vector y on the column space generated by the model matrix X under the assumed model. The suggested method shows that the calculation of Type II sums of squares by projections is much easier than the classical Type II analysis.

Calculating Attribute Values using Interval-valued Fuzzy Sets in Fuzzy Object-oriented Data Models (퍼지객체지향자료모형에서 구간값 퍼지집합을 이용한 속성값 계산)

  • Cho Sang-Yeop;Lee Jong-Chan
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
    • /
    • v.4 no.4
    • /
    • pp.45-51
    • /
    • 2003
  • In general, the values for attribute appearing in fuzzy object-oriented data models are represented by the fuzzy sets. If it can allow the attribute values in the fuzzy object-oriented data models to be represented by the interval-valued fuzzy sets, then it can allow the fuzzy object-oriented data models to represent the attribute values in more flexible manner. The attribute values of frames appearing in the inheritance structure of the fuzzy object-oriented data models are calculated by a prloritized conjunction operation using interval-valued fuzzy sets. This approach can be applied to knowledge and information processing in which degree of membership is represented as not the conventional fuzzy sets but the interval-valued fuzzy sets.

  • PDF