• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 2004

Bizzare parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation is a rare lesion, tends to frequently recur. It was first described in 1983, when Nora and his colleagues reported 35 examples of a proliferative lesion involving small bones of the hand and the feet. It was regarded as occurring only in the small bones of the hand and the feet initially, but from then on, other authors have been reported cases including those involving long bones, skull and maxilla. We experienced a case of bizzare parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation which affects the humeral shaft in a 14-year-old male patient. Radiographs showed calcified mass measuring $4{\times}3$ cm in size and attached to the underlying cortex, which had a broad stalk base. Histologically, it showed hypercellular cartilage maturation to the trabecular bone and plump amount of fibrous stroma in the spaces around the bony trabeculae. Bizzare parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation is a relatively rare lesion, but has a recurrent behavior and histologically tends to be mistaken for malignancy. It can be treated by excision.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.218-225
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산을 혼합하여 이식한 후 초기 골 형성을 알아보는 데 있다. 백서 30마리의 두개골에 8mm 직경의 골결손부를 형성한 후 인간의 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산을 혼합하여 이식한 후 대조군, 치아 회분말과 연석고 처치군, 그리고 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산 혼합 처치군에서 각각의 골 결손부 치유과정을 조직병리학적, 조직형태계측학적으로 비교 관찰하였다. 통계학적으로 주간 변화(4주, 8주)는 유의하지 않았고, 각 그룹 간에 있어도 치아 회분말과 연석고 처치군과 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산 혼합 처치군 간 모두(4주, 8주) 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 이들 치아 회분말과 연석고 처치군과 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산 혼합 처치군은 대조군에 비해서는 유의하게 우수한 신생골 형성을 보였다. 비록 통계학적으로는 치아 회분말과 연석고 처치군과 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산 혼합 처치군이 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았지만 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산 혼합 처치군에서 보다 더 우수한 신생골 형성 경향을 보였다. 뿐만 아니라, 신생골의 내용면에서도 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산 혼합 처치군에서 좀더 많은 신생 직조골의 융합이나 골 소주형성이 관찰되어 신생골의 형성 및 성숙에 알긴산이 역할을 담당하는 것으로 사료되었다. 결론적으로 골결손부 치료 방법으로 치아 회분말과 연석고 처치군 또는 치아 회분말과 연석고 및 알긴산 혼합 처치로 결손부에 이식하는 것은 신생골 형성의 양적, 질적 개선에 통계학적으로 유의하며, 알긴산을 이식재와 함께 처리한 경우에 신생골 형성의 양적, 질적 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.$1^{\circ}C$ 냉수로 세척하고 PETE tray로 포장하여 $4^{\circ}C$로 저장한 경우 깻잎 고유의 초록색과 향을 유지하고 있어 저온냉수 세척과 tray 포장이 세척 청경채의 선도 유지에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.1%,\;pendimethalin\;1.3{\sim}2.9%$ 및 $3.8{\sim}10.8%,\;ethoprophos\;0.6{\sim}2.7%$ 및 $0.1{\sim}0.3%$이었다. 인공강우실험 후 공약의 토심별 분포를 살펴 본 결과 alachlor와 ethopropho는 토심 $10{\sim}15cm$까지 이동하였고, ethalfluralin과 pendimethalin는 대부분 토심 5 cm 이내에 잔류하였다. 경사도 30%의 경우가 10%에 비하여 각 농약의 유실량이 $0.2{\sim}1.9$ 배 증가하였는데 유출수에 의한 농약의 유실량 차이는 유출수 중 농도 차이로 판단되며, 유실토양에 의한 농약 유실량 차이는 토양 유실량과 관계되는 것으로 생각되었다. 농약의 강우에 의한 유실은 복잡하게 작용하는 많은 환경적 요인에 의하여 영향을 받지만 정교하게 구성된 환경 시나리오에 의하여 예측 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.고 도라지는 물에 우려 푹 삶았고, 감자, 송이 등은 잘게 썰어 쌀과 함께 밥을 조리하였다. 4. 약선 음식조리방법 약선음식의 재료는 평상시 식생활에 사용되고 있던 식품들의 기능성분과 약이성을 이용하여 만성적인 질병과 급성적인 복통 설사 등에 재료의 전처리를 통해 죽으로 많이 이용하였다. 특히 곡류 등은

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.89-103
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to measure bone age using an artificial intelligence program based on the Greulich-Pyle (GP) method to find out the bone age corresponding to each stage of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) and the middle phalanx of the third finger (MP3). This study was conducted on 3,118 patients who visited pediatric dentistry at Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital and Pusan National University Dental Hospital from 2013 to 2021. The CVM stage was divided into 5 stages according to the classification by Baccetti, and the MP3 stage was divided into 5 stages according to the methods of Hägg and Taranger. Based on the GP method, bone age was evaluated using an artificial intelligence program. The pubertal growth spurt in the CVM stage was CVM II and III. The mean bone age in CVM II was 11.00 ± 1.81 years for males and 10.00 ± 1.49 years for females, and in CVM III, 13.00 ± 1.46 years for males and 12.00 ± 1.44 years for females (p < 0.0001). The pubertal growth spurt in the MP3 stage was MP3 - G stage. The bone age at the MP3 - G stage was 13.14 ± 1.07 years for males and 11.40 ± 1.09 years for females (p < 0.0001). Bone age evaluation using artificial intelligence is worth using in clinical practice, and it is expected that a faster and more accurate diagnosis will be possible.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.91-97
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• 2005

The acinar cells and secretory granules of the parotid salivary gland were examined in the lesser white toothed shrew, Crocidura suaveolens and the big white-toothed shrew, C. lasiura. The parotid gland of both species were a serous gland having only one kind of serous acinar cells, and had conventional arrangement of acini and intercalated, granular and striated ducts. In case of C. suaveolens, serous acinar cells had well developed rER, prominent Golgi complex, several large mitochondria and abundant moderate dense secretory granules with various stages of the maturing or fusing process. Immature acinar secretory granules were only or mainly filled with fine strong dense specks and had an indistinct limiting membrane, and mature granules were filled with homogeneous pale large round center and had fine strong dense specks at the periphery of the homogeneous pale center and a distinct limiting membrane. In case of C. lasiula, serous acinar cells had well developed rER, prominent Golgi complex, several large mitochondria and abundant dense secretory granules with maturing or fusing process. Immature acinar secretory granules were only filled with pale rough specks and had an indistinct limiting membrane, and mature granules were only filled with rough dense specks and had a distinct limiting membrane. Eventually The acinar secretory granules of C. suaveolens were seen moderate at the light and ultrastuctural level, those of C. lasiura were strong dense at the light microscopic level and dense at the ultrastructural level.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.198-204
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• 2007

Purpose : The hope that arresting pubertal developement might increase final adult height has led to an attempt to use GnRH agonist (GnRHa) in children with early puberty and poor growth prognosis. We investigated the growth-promoting effect of GnRH agonists with or without growth hormone (GH) in girls with early puberty and decreased predicted adult height (PAH). Methods : Thirty five girls with advanced bone age and early pubertal signs were randomized for treatment for about 1 year with monthly GnRHa in group 1 (n=18), or with a combination of GH and GnRHa in group 2 (n=17). The following growth parameters were compared between groups, and the difference ($\Delta$) before and after treatment : chronological age (CA), bone age (BA), $\Delta$(BA-CA), height (HT), target height (TH), predicted adult height (PAH), $\Delta$ (TH-PAH), serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP-3). Results : Before treatment, BA, TH, PAH Standard deviation scores (SDS), $\Delta$(TH-PAH) were not different between the two groups, but CA was higher in group 2 and $\Delta$(BA-CA) were higher in group 1 (P<0.05). After $1.06{\pm}0.93$ year of treatment, $\Delta$ (BA-CA) decreased and there were significant changes in PAH and $\Delta$ (TH-PAH), especially in group 2 (P<0.05 in group 1, and P<0.001 in group 2). In both groups, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were not different before and after treatment, but after treatment, IGF-1 level in group 2 was marginally higher than IGF-1 in group 1 (P<0.1). Conclusion : Compromised predicted adult height in girls with early puberty and advanced bone age was significantly improved with GnRH with/without GH treatment in the short-term period. The addition of GH to GnRHa results in a significant increase in PAH compared to GnRHa alone because GnRHa suppressed growth hormone-IGF-1 axis. For comparison of final adult height, further longitudinal follow-up will be needed.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2001

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a thistle-like annual plant mainly grown in dry hot climates as an oilseed or birdseed. Traditionally, the oil has mainly been sold in the health food market because it is unsaturated having high linoleic and oleic acid levels. With increased health consciousness in recent years, the oil quality has become a more general health issue. This study was designed to understand whether safflower seed powder has positive effects on the fracture healing in rats. Simple transverse fracture of rat fibula was made with a rotating diamond disc saw. The histologic changes of rats were observed with a scanning electron microscope. The fractured fibulae showed a complete fusion at the fracture site in the 4th to 5th week after a simple transverse fracture. Administration of safflower seed powder facilitated the speed of histologic changes without affecting qualitative changes. These results suggest that safflower seed powder nay have substances that help the fracture healing process.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.315-321
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• 1999

Vitamin D is one of important factors involved in the regulation of bone metabolism. In osteoporosis, the therapeutic effect of vitamin D on the healing process of fracture has still been controversial. These studies were designed to understand the healing process of normal fibular fracture and the therapeutic effects of $1\alpha$, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol on the osteoporotic fracture in rats. The simple transverse fractures of rat fibulae were produced with a rotating diamond saw. The histological and ultrastructural changes of rats were observed. The histological and ultrastructural studies revealed the healing of the fibular fracture in the 5th week after simple transverse fracture. The osteoporosis impaired more the healing of osteoporotic fibular fracture than normal non-osteoporotic fibular fracture. The healing process of osteoporotic fracture was facilitated by the treatment with $1\alpha$, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol, however, was delayed more than the healing process of normal fracture. These results suggest that $1\alpha$, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol was effective for reducing the deleterious effects of osteoporosis in fracture healing.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.367-376
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• 2000

The observation using an electron microscope shows that the maturation of the oocyte of African giant snail, Achatina fulica, proceeds over three stages. The oocyte of stage 1 is a small elliptic cell $(220\times400{\mu}m)$ whose light nucleoplasm contains two nucleoli. In its cytoplasm, a number of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticula, and ribosomes are found, while yolk granules are not. The nucleus of the oocyte of stage 2 is relatively large in comparison with the volume of cytoplasm, and contains one nucleolus. In the nuclear envelope comprising inner and outer double membrane, there are found a lot of nuclear pores for materials to pass through. A number of mitochondria, Golgi complex and lipid yolk granules appears in the cytoplasm, and proteinous yolk granules begin to form and mature in the vacuoles of various sizes ($0.8\sim3.0{\mu}m$ in diameter). The oocyte of stage 3 has an enlarged nucleolus. Material transportation through nuclear pore is not found any longer. The cytoplasm in this stage is filled with proteinous and lipid yolk granules. The microvilli are developed around the egg plasma membrane.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.129-141
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• 2001

To investigate the spermiogenesis of the Saghalien Pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus gracillimus), the testis obtained from mature male shrew was studied by electron microscopy, and the following results obtained based on the morphological characteristics of cell differentiation of the seminiferous epithelium in the testis. According to the fine structural differentiation, spermiogenesis of S. minutus gracillimks was divided into Golgi, cap, acrosome, maturation and spermiation phases. Beside, the Golgi and cap phases were subdivided into three steps of early, middle and late phase respectively, and acrosome phase into two steps of early and late phase , and maturation and spermiation phases has only one step respectively. Thus, the spermiogenesis of S. minutus gracillimus was divided into a total of ten steps. The chromatin granules begin to be condensed in the acrosome phase, and a perfect nucleus of sperm was formed at the spermiation phase. Mancette were appeared from the late acrosome phase to the maturation phase. The formation of sperm tail began to develop in the late Golgi phase, and completed at the spermiation phase. Multivesicular bodies were appeared from the Golgi phase to the maturation phase, recognized with pale, pale and moderate, and dense at Golgi, cap and acrosomal and matulation phases respectively.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

Cathepsin K (cat K) is the major cysteine protease expressed in osteoclasts and was thought to play a key role in matrix degradation during bone resorption. It was shown that the intracellular maturation of cat K was prevented by the cAMP antagonist, Rp-cAMP, and the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors of KT5720 and H89. In contrast, forskolin, a adenylate cyclase agonist, rather induced Cat K processing and maturation in osteoclasts. Furthermore, to determine whether cat K processing and maturation signaling involves protein kinase C (PKC), mouse total bone cells were treated with calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of PKC, however, no effect was observed, indicating that calphostin C did not affect to osteoclast-mediated cat K processing and maturation. Thus, it is indicated that the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway regulates cat K maturation in osteoclasts. Since secreted proenzymes have the potential to reenter the cell via M6P receptor, to prevent this possibility, it was tested cAMP antagonist Rp-cAMP and the PKA inhibitors KT5720 and H89 in the absence or presence of M6P. Inhibition of cat K processing by Rp-cAMP, KT5720, or H89 was observed in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the addition of M6P resulted in enhanced potency of Rp-cAMP, KT5720 and H89. These dose-dependently inhibited in vitro bone resorption with a potency similar to that observed for inhibition of cat K processing.