• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.1
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• pp.54-57
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• 2007

Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin was formulated similarly to plywood resin in the laboratory. The synthesized UF resin adhesive was mixed with extender, filler and acid catalyst. The mixture contained 56.1% total solids and 43.9% water. The mixes was used to bond five Com-Ply types using Korean wood species. The Com-Ply made were tested for shear strength and wood failure according to KS F 3101 ordinary plywood as well as for bending strength per KS F 3104 particleboard. The performance test results showed good strength properties for all Com-Ply types made in this study. This result represented that the UF resin adhesive mix was adequate for bonding Com-Ply with domestic wood species.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2003

Particleboards (PBs) were made from Pinus densiflora thinning particle with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin added casein and soybean as extender. The performance test results of the PB made showed that Pinus densiflora thinning log was suitable raw material for PB. As the extender addition in the UF resin was increased, the mechanical performance of the PB, bonded with the extended UF resin, were significantly decreased. However, casein and soybean can be used up to 15% and 20% of the UF resin solids respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.299-307
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• 2002

In this proposed study, a new emerging shape forming technique Direct Coagulation Casting(DCC) which enables to fabricate complex-shaped ceramic parts has been investigated using colloid surface chemistry. Various process variables affected by dispersant, coagulation agent and sintering additives, have been evaluated in order to achieve highly concentrated stabilized silicon nitride suspensions. A high solid loading of 51 vol% in the dispersed silicon nitride suspension was prepared with 1.0wt% Tetraethylammonium Hydroxide (TEAH), which obtained a stable silicon nitride suspension with sintering additives $(Al_2O_3\;and\;Y_2O_3)$ in alkaline regions. The addition of hydroxyaluminium diacetate into the suspension, which decomposed at elevated temperatures, led to coagulate of a silicon nitride suspension. In a basic medium, aluminum ions precipitated to aluminum hydroxide $(Al(OH)_3)$, leading to decreased $OH^-$ concentration and, thus, coagulated suspension.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.268-277
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• 2017

In this study, lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) were prepared from Pussy willow wood powder by disk-milling after pretreatment using the cosolvent of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]Ac) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with different mixing ratios for different time. All pretreated samples showed native cellulose I polymorph and cellulose crystallinity was lowest when cosolvent of DMF with 30% [EMIM]Ac was used. Average crystallite size of raw material and the pretreated product by MDF and its cosolvent with 10% [EMIM]Ac was found to be about 3.2 nm and decreased with increasing pretreatment time at the DMF cosolvent with 30% [EMIM]Ac. Defibrillation efficiency was improved by loosening wood cell wall structure by the pretreatment using co-solvent system of [EMIM]Ac and DMF.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.860-865
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• 2001

After manufacturing 2mol% CdO substitute $0.05Pb(Mn_{1/3}Sb_{2/3})O_3-0.95Pb(Zr_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})O_3$ piezoelectric ceramics powder as starting material, to manufacture green sheets using Doctor Blade method. The optimum composition of slurry was studied. Moreover, the sintering properties and the dielectric and piezoelectric properties with variation a thickness of the manufactured sheets were investigated. The optimum of slurry was investigated by the rheology with addition of additives, the sintering condition was decided by TGA. And the properties of sheet were investigated through SEM. XRD. The optimum of slurry was the stablest at dispersant 3.0 wt% to solid loading 30vol%. After, at addition of binder/plasticizer(0.75/0.25) 3.0wt%, viscosity was 7.55Pa${\cdot}$s. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the sheet were increased a little with the increasing of sintering temperature but were not variable with variation of sheet thickness.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.6
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• pp.476-480
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• 2005

Agricultural straws such as rice and barley were used as partial replacement of raw materials for particleboard (PB) manufacture. A melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin, based on 5 percent melamine addition of the resin solids weight, was synthesized in the laboratory for the bonding of PB. PBs were made using two straw particles based on 10, 20, 30, 40% oven dry weight addition with MUF resin. PBs were tested for physical and mechanical properties, and water soak dimensional stability. The results indicated that as rice and barley straws addition level were increased, the properties of IB, MOR and dimensional stabilities such as thickness swell and water absorption were decreased. Overall, the agricultural straws can be used at 15% substitution of raw materials for PB manufacture.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.305-318
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• 2021

The aim of the research is providing the rheological performance range for manufacturing "mid-workability concrete". The mid-workability concrete means the normal strength range concrete mixture with high workability. Since there is not enough study or quantitative definitions on performance of the mid-workability concrete, in this research, the performance range for high workability of mid-workability concrete mixture using rheology. Because of the mixture characteristics of generally used normal strength concrete such as relatively high water-to-cement ratio and no SCMs, segregation of coarse aggregate should be prevent to achieve a successful high workability. From the experimental study in this research scope, 5 to 35 Pa.s of plastic viscosity was desirable to prevent segregation for nid-workability concrete, and general performance range with rheological parameters was provided.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2004

A melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin, based on 5 percent melamine addition of the resin solids weight, was synthesized in the laboratory for particleboard (PB) manufacture. Laboratory PBs were made with the MUF resin at three press times (3, 4, 5 min) and two resin application rates (6, 8 percent). Enclosed caul system was used for collecting the exhaust gases materials generated during the hot-pressing of PBs. Exhaust gases materials generated inside the enclosed caul during the hot-pressing of PBs were collected in a controlled air stream. Formaldehyde from the exhaust gases collected was determined per a chromotropic method of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Method 3500. The measurement results showed that formaldehyde emissions during the hot-pressing of PB significantly increased with increasing press time, and MUF resin application rates. PB' performance test results showed that internal bond (IB) of PB made with 3-minute press time exceeded the minimum requirement for KS F 3104 PB type 8.0.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.485-489
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• 1991

In order to study the effects of blanching and germination of soybean on the quality of soymilk, the soybeans were differently treated as follow; (1) blanched for 5 min at $100^{\circ}C$, (2) germinated for 2 days at $25^{\circ}C$, (3) germinated for 2 days and then blanched for 5 min at $100^{\circ}C$. The qualities of various soymilks prepared from the treated soybeans were compared with those of soymilk from the untreated soybeans. Blanching of soybeans decreased yields, solid materials, viscosity, total protein, soluble nitrogen, and total sugar of soymilk but no effect on its free sugar contents, specific gravity, and pH. The blanching, however, improved the sensory properties and decreased the n-hexanal contents of soymilk to about 1/2.4. Germination of soybeans improved the yields, physical, chemical, and sensory properties and decreased the n-hexanal contents of soymilk to about 1/5. The germination plus blanching of soybeans showed kind of combined effects of germination's and of blanching's, resulting in the decrease of n-hexanal to about 1/10 and improvement in sensory properties of soymilk.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.1 s.85
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• pp.105-112
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• 2005

Stabilizing and rousing sludge water generated from washing truck mixer and batcher plant can resolve inconsistency in quality and improve strength, therefore it is essential to review how to utilize it. This research conducted experiments and studied on solids of sludge water to find out the types of stabilizing agents available in conditions of producing ready mixed concretes in Korea. The result showed that oxy carboxylic acid retarder dedicated for stabilizing sludge water was most effective in decreasing solid. However, the setting time of cement paste was retarded due to surplus reactants, but it did not impede application of ready mixed concretes. When we left the sludge water mixed with stabilizing agent, it has been noted that initial retard effect recovered to the level using just service water in 7${\~}$8 days and that it is effective to use stabilized sludge water in 2${\~}$3 days. On the other hand, saccharic type super retarding agent was also outstanding in applicability by showing similar effect. The sludge water stabilizing agents currently marketed depend on imports, therefore it is necessary to locally manufacture usable stabilizing agents and to review its usability with multi-dimensional view.