• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 1985

Silk fabric was printed with the reactive dye (vinylsulfone type) to investigate the change of adsorption and fixation by steaming time, viscosity of dyeing paste and alkali concentration. It was found that the amount of adsorption and fixation against silk increased with the increase of steaming time, and showed the maximum value at 340cp of dyeing paste. The amount of adsorption and fixation was influenced by alkali concentration. Light, washing, and perspiration fastness were very excellent.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.397-405
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• 2018

Currently, there are very few studies on Korean wall paintings. Therefore, this study discusses the current conditions of wooden paintings and the characteristics of the adhesive agent in the painting layer separation. Korean land pine was chosen as the support, while white oysters shells, orpiment, red ocher, Noerok, and azurite were used as pigments. With four adhesive agents, including animal glue, Gelidium, methyl cellulose, and PVAc (caparol binder), a comparative experiment was conducted, by dividing them into two concentrations, of 0.5% and 1.5%. The temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet rays, which are contributing environmental factors in cultural assets after fixing, were artificially investigated. After deterioration, observed color difference, fixing, and the surface. Results showed that the animal glue strongly fixing all the colored layers compared to the other adhesives; however, azurite had a partial change when used outdoors. With Gelidium, which functioned similar to animal glue, the azurite was affected by the ultraviolet rays; nevertheless, despite the variations in temperature and humidity, it had the best gripping force compared to the other adhesive agents. Methyl cellulose was glossy at a high concentration, and was relatively strong against rapid changes in temperature and humidity. PVAc significantly reduced the binding force, compared to other adhesive agents.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.199-208
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• 1998

자벽고착 개념에 기초를 둔 새로운 조화센서는 다음과 같이 설명되어진다. 2단계 열처리된 Co계 비전질 percursor은 특이한 signal을 유발시키는데 이는 자속의 단계적인 변화를 나타내는 hystresisloop에 기인한다. 자장하에서의 1단계 열처리는 M-H loop에서 일축유도 자기이방성을 발생시킨다. 2단계 무자장하의 열처리는 고착된 자벽의 stepped hystresis의 특성을 나타내는데 이로인해 유용한 marker로서의 특징을 가지게 된다. 열처리동안 비정질재료의 표면과 내부에서 상당량의 산화와 결정화 과정을 거치는 것이 관찰되었다. 이오인한 표면 자벽 고착 모델의 제안은 자벽의 고착이 비정질부분과 semi-hard Co 층간의 접합면에서 가장 효과적으로 얻어지다는 것으로써 확신되어진다. 또한 자벽 고착 자장과 결정화된 Co층의 두께간의 상당한 연관성도 관찰되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.86-86
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• 2018

볼트, 너트 등의 파스너는 건축 재료나 기계부품을 고정하는 데 사용하는 기계요소로, 건축, 철도, 조선 등 전 산업분야에 걸쳐 사용되고 있다. 그 중 스테인리스 소재의 볼트, 너트는 뛰어난 내식성과 저렴한 가격으로 널리 사용되고 있는데, 소재의 특성 및 작업현장의 상황, 온도의 변화 등의 원인에 의해 고착현상(galling)이 발생한다. 고착현상이란 성분 혹은 표면경도가 비슷한 금속의 나사산을 조이는 과정에서 발생하는 압력의 증가 및 마찰력에 의해 냉간 용접(cold welding)이 일어나는 것으로 나사산의 표면이 눌어붙게 된다. 이러한 고착현상은 스테인리스 소재에서 많이 발생하는데, 한번 발생한 후에는 비파괴 해소가 불가능한 상태가 되어 경제적 손실을 야기한다. 이러한 고착현상의 해소를 위해 본 연구에서는 주석과 알루미늄을 사용한 새로운 열 확산 코팅 기술을 개발하고 이를 304 스테인리스강에 적용하여 열처리 온도에 따른 특성변화를 확인하였다. 열 확산 코팅을 위해 팩 세멘테이션 방법을 이용하여 아르곤 분위기 하에서 열처리 하였고, 온도는 $200{\sim}250^{\circ}C$에서 코팅을 수행하였다. 이에 따른 코팅 전과 후의 표면 및 단면 분석을 통해 성공적으로 코팅층이 형성됨을 확인하였고, 온도가 증가함에 따라 코팅성분의 양이 증가하는 현상을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 고착방지성능을 확인하기 위하여 ASTM G196-08 시험을 통해 코팅조건에 따른 고착현상을 분석하였으며, 그 결과 기존에 코팅되지 않은 304 스테인리스강보다 고착현상이 개선됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 304 스테인리스강 소재의 볼트, 너트 제품에 주석-알루미늄 코팅층을 적용시키면 기존의 고착현상을 개선하고 서비스 품질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.425-428
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• 2002

면직물의 황토염색에 대한 세탁견뢰도 증진을 위하여 대두콩즙을 전처리하거나 염액에 쌀풀이나 아교 또는 소금을 첨가한다. 이러한 물질들은 황토와 섬유사이의 결찹을 강화시키는 역할을 한다[1,2]. 그러나 염착성의 개선을 위하여 반복염색이 행하여지며 기존 고착제의 처리방법은 복잡하고 재현성이 없는 단점을 지니고 있다. 본 연구에서는 콩즙, 탈지유, 키토산 등을 고착제로 사용하여 염착량, 색상 변화 및 세탁과 마찰견뢰도를 분석하여 황토염색의 고착제로서의 가능성을 조사하였다. (중략)

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.24
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• pp.117-132
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• 2020

The painting layer of Payathonzu temple mural paintings in the ruins of Bagan Myanmar has been damaged due to various reasons. In this study, the applicability of Neem resin, a traditional Myanmar adhesive, as a fixative on the painting layer was examined. Cow glue and Paraloid B-72 were selected as fixatives in the comparison group, and pseudo-specimens with conditions similar to the original mural paintings were produced to examine the changes before and after applying the fixatives and according to the deterioration experiments. As a result of conducting the experiments and comparing the fixatives, it was found that changes on the surface such as smudge, yellowing and gloss are greater with the application of higher concentration of Neem resin than with other fixatives. However, such changes were relatively small under the condition of 4% concentration. It was also confirmed that chromaticity and glossiness vary greatly between before- and after-application of the fixatives but that such discrepancies tend to decrease at 4% concentration compared to other concentrations. As for fixation strength, it was found that the fixation capacity of Neem resin on the base and painting layers is overall higher than other fixatives as the concentration is increased. Therefore, the applicability of 4% concentration of Neem resin as a fixative on the painting layer was confirmed considering the low surface changes according to environmental factors, low color discrepancy and glossiness, and characteristics of excellent fixation strength. It is believed that the findings of this study could be used as basic data for the preservation of Payathonzu temple mural paintings in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.24-34
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• 2008

본 논문은 존 조정하에서의 자동반송차량 네트워크에서 발생하는 고착을 해결하기 위한 두 가지 효과적인 알고리듬을 소개한다. 이 알고리듬들은 특별히 양방향 네트워크에 알맞도록 고안되었다. 사이클 제거 알고리듬은 고착을 예방하기 위한 차량의 안전한 라우트를 결정하나, 그래프 축소 알고리듬은 고착을 회피하기 위하여 미래 잠재적인 고착 발생 조건을 결정한다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 알고리듬들의 성능을 비교 분석한 결과 작업물의 이동 횟수와 알고리듬의 시간 복잡성 측면에서 그래프 축소 알고리듬이 사이클 제거 알고리듬 보다 우수함을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.58-64
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• 1984

Silk fabric was printed with the reactive dyes (mono and di-chlorotriazinyl type) in order to investigate the change of adsorption and fixation by steaming time, viscosity of dyeing paste, and alkali concentration. It was found that the amount of adsorption and fixation of mono-chlorotriazinyl type dye increased with the increase of steaming time, while di-chlorotriazinyl type dye showed the maximum uptake at 20 minutes. The amount of dye uptake of each dye showed the maximum value at 340 cp of dyeing paste. The light fastness of each dye was poor but the washing fastness was excellent.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2013

In the past, European material and method were applied to conservation of Buddhist mural paintings in Korea. At that time, there were inadequate to selection of materials in consideration of porosity and hydrophilicity, therefore insufficiency to assessing their suitability for materials. The treatment result of mural painting are dissatisfied with consolidation of painting layer using synthetic resin. Therefore, it has experimented on applying fixative for reinforcement of painting layer on Buddhist mural painting in order to establish the effects of conservation. In relationship of binder's viscosity, adhesion and penetrating depth, adhesion increased in high-viscosity specimen whereas it decreased in low-viscosity specimen. While the binder's penetrating depths show similar patterns, the surface's response and combination adjacent to painting layer have differences. Animal glue and methyl cellulose (MC) shows excellent performance in their reaction with soil and painting layer. It is estimated that the fixative penetrates deep into soil to produce a stable fixing effect. The viscosity of polyvinyl acetate resin (PVAc) and acrylic resins are low, and thus penetrates well into soil, but they adhere poorly to soil.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.11 no.1 s.14
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• pp.38-51
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• 2002

The first priority we face in the conservation of wall paintings, is the conservation of painting layer. The 'painting layer' is sometimes called the pigment layer, and refers to the painted surface. For the consolidation of this painting layer we use 'fixative'. Fixative is a common adhesive which has been used in various field and conservators have made up for the weak points in the consolidation of wall paintings. In my thesis, I will summarise the range of use, standards of selection, and results of research on the use of fixative in the conservation of European paintings. In addition, I will describe various kinds of our traditional fixatives. As synthetic resins have proved that it is not ideal as a fixative for wall painting, conservators have studied to find an alternative. Same as European conservators, Asian scientists has researched to find alternative fixative which is more suitable to the wall paintings in Asia based on their traditional techniques and materials. Therefore, 1 have studied to find an adequate fixative for our own wall paintings and I could conclude that we can consider traditional fixative which is made of 'seaweeds' as an alternative and it is very important to proceed research and experiment on this material.