• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1161-1166
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• 2009

The purpose of the present study was to effect of red pepper seeds powder on antioxidative defense system and oxidative damage in rats fed high fat high cholesterol diet. Rats were divided into five experimental groups which are composed of normal diet group, high fat high cholesterol diet group, high fat high cholesterol diet with 5% red pepper seeds powder supplemented group (SA group), high fat high cholesterol diet with 10% red pepper seeds powder supplemented group (SB group), and high fat.high cholesterol diet with 15% red pepper seeds powder supplemented group (SC group). Supplementation of red seed pepper groups (SA, SB, and SC groups) resulted in increased activities of hepatic glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. However, there was no significant difference in the activity of hepatic catalase among all experimental groups. Hepatic superoxide radical contents in microsome and mitochondria were significantly reduced in red pepper seeds powder supplemented groups. Hepatic hydrogen peroxide contents in mitochondria were significantly reduced 15% red pepper seeds powder supplemented group. Hepatic carbonyl values in microsome were significantly reduced in 10% and 15% red pepper seeds powder supplemented groups. Thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) values in liver and plasma were reduced in red pepper seeds powder supplemented groups. These result suggest that red pepper seeds powder may reduce oxidative damage by the activation of antioxidative defense system in rats high fat.high cholesterol diets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2010

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of water extracts from Phellinus linteus on lipid composition and antioxidative system in rats fed high fat high cholesterol diet. Rats were divided into four experimental groups which are composed of normal diet group, high fat high cholesterol diet group, high fat high cholesterol diet with 50 mg/kg b.w water extracts from Phellinus linteus supplemented group (PA group), high fat high cholesterol diet with 100 mg/kg b.w water extracts from Phellinus linteus supplemented group (PB group). The serum TG and cholesterol contents of the water extracts from Phellinus linteus supplemented groups (PA and PB groups) were decreased compared to the high fat high cholesterol diet group. The serum HDL-cholesterol contents of the water extracts from Phellinus linteus supplemented groups were increased compared to the high fat high cholesterol diet group. The serum LDL-cholesterol and AI of the water extracts from Phellinus linteus supplemented groups were significantly decreased compared to the high fat high cholesterol diet group. Supplementation of water extracts from Phellinus linteus groups (PA and PB groups) resulted in increased activities of superoxide dismutase. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) were increased compared to the high fat high cholesterol diet group. TBARS values in liver and plasma were reduced in water extracts from Phellinus linteus supplemented groups. These result suggest that supplementation of water extracts from Phellinus linteus may have a pronounced impact on lipid composition and antioxidative system in the rats fed high fat high cholesterol diet.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2011

목적 : 인진약침이 고지방식이로 유발된 비만 ICR mice에서 비만 및 동반 대사이상에 미치는 효과와 그 기전을 연구하고자 한다. 방법 : 인진약침의 비만 예방효과를 검증하기 위하여, 4주간 고지방식이를 급여하면서 150mg/kg 또는 300mg/kg의 인진약침을 양측 비수($BL_{20}$)에 교대로 매일 피하에 시술하였다. 또한 인진약침의 비만 치료효과를 검증하기 위하여, 4주간 고지방식이를 급여한 비만 ICR mice에 추가 4주간 고지방식이를 유지하면서 300 mg/kg 인진약침액과 vehicle control로써 등량의 distilled water를 양측 비수($BL_{20}$)에 교대로 매일 피하에 약침시술하였다. 인진약침의 항비만효과와 기전을 알아보기 위해, 체중, blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), AST, ALT levels 등 대사지표를 측정하고 부고환조직의 조직학적 관찰을 시행하였으며, AMPK activation과 adipocyte differentiation, fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation 및 thermogenesis와 관련된 gene expressions을 평가하였다. 결과 : 인진약침의 치료를 통하여 고지방식이 급여로 인한 체중의 증가가 억제되었을 뿐만 아니라, 비만 ICR mice의 체중을 감소시켰으며, glucose 및 lipid homeostasis를 개선시켰으며 지방조직의 증식을 억제하였다. AMPK의 phosphorylation과 CPT-1 및 UCP2의 발현을 증가시켰으며, PPAR-${\gamma}$, C/EBP${\alpha}$, aP2, LPL,FAS, SCD-1의 발현을 억제하였다. 결론 : 인진약침은 고지방식이 유도 동물모델에서 비만 및 동반 대사이상을 개선시키는 효과가 있으며, 이는 식이억제에 의한 2차적 효과라기 보다는 energy expenditure를 증가시키고, pre-adipocyte differentiation 및 proliferation을 억제하며, lipogenesis를 억제하고 lipolysis를 증가시키는 효과에 의한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2006

The effects of cheonggukjang(traditional fermented soybean food, CK) and cheonggukjang added Agaricus blazei (CKA) on lipid metabolism were investigated in female Sprague-Dawley rats (20 weeks old). The rats were fed a purified hyperlipidemic diet (control diet: 0.1% cholesterol, 10% fat, 18% casein) for 4 weeks. The rats were randomly assigned to each treatment group: control, two kinds of CK or CKA (powders of CK or CKA as dietary protein sources). After 8 weeks of experimental diets consumption, the body weights, and the uterine fat pad weights of CK and CKA diets groups were more significantly decreased than those of the control diet group. The liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in both the CK and CKA diets groups than those in the control group. The concentrations in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index ratios were significantly decreased in the CK and CKA diets group s compared with those in the control group. The HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios were significantly increased in the CK and CKA diets groups compared with those in the control group. The fecal cholesterol and triglyceride excretion in the CK and CKA diets groups were more increased than those in the control group. These results showed that both the feeding the rats with cheonggukjang and cheonggukjang added Agaricus blazei decreased the triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in serum as well as the triglyceride and cholesterol in liver, and increased the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio in serum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1771-1778
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• 2015

The study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of 1% Rhus verniciflua vinegar (RV) supplementation in high-fat-diet (60% fat)-induced obese rats. A total of 50 4-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal chow diet or maintained on high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce obesity and were then randomized into five groups as follows: normal diet+ultra-pure water (CON), HFD+ultra-pure water (OB-DW), HFD+1% acetic acid (OBAA), HFD+1% RV (OB-RV), and HFD+0.1% caffeine (OB-CF). AA was used as a control for RV, and caffeine was used as a positive control due to its weight reducing effect. After 2 months, body weight, organ and adipose tissue weights, serum lipids, hepatic lipids, adipocyte size, and cell number per spot level were analyzed. As a result, food efficiency ratio, abdominal adipose tissue weight, serum levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, free fatty acids, coronary artery index, and fecal lipid were significantly reduced in the RV treatment group. In this study, we found that dietary RV improved obesity by increasing lipid excretion and reducing lipogenesis. These results suggest that RV has potential as a functional anti-obesity food.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Purpose: Anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (PSP) have been investigated in vitro and in animals and found to have a protective effect against oxidative hepatic damage. In this study, we investigated that aqueous extract of PSP can ameliorate the dysfunction of lipid metabolism in mice fed a high fat/cholesterol diet. Methods: Forty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8) and fed one of the following diets for 8 weeks; normal fat (NF) diet; high fat/cholesterol (HFC) diet; HFC with 1.25% PSP (HFPL) diet; HFC with 2.5% PSP (HFPM) diet; HFC with 5% PSP (HFPH) diet. Results: Non-alcoholic fatty liver was manifested in the HFC group by showing increased levels in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), increased level of TC and presence of many large lipid droplets in the liver, and increased fat cell size in the HFC group compared with the NF group. However, administration of HFC induced a significant decrease in food intake, resulting in decrease in fat mass. Co-administration of PSP did not lead to reversal of body weight changes, ALT activity, and lipid levels in plasma and the liver, but suppressed excess enlargement of the fat cell size through increasing carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) gene expression in the liver. Accordingly, the number of fat droplets in the liver was reduced in PSP administered groups. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that PSP may have a protective effect on the dysfunction of lipid metabolism. Conduct of further studies on the coordinated regulation of PSP for lipid metabolic homeostasis at the liver-adipose tissue axis is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.410-415
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• 2006

The effects of cheonggukjang (traditional fermented soybean food, CK) and cheonggukjang added Phellinus linteus (CKP) on lipid metabolism were investigated in adult male rats. Twenty weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a purified hyperlipidemic diet (control diet: 0.5% cholesterol, 10% fat, 18% casein) for 4 weeks. The rats were randomly assigned to each treatment group control, two kinds of CK or CKP (powders of CK or CKP as dietary protein sources) After 5 weeks of CK or CKP diets consumption, the body weights, the hepatic and epididymal fat pad weights of the CK or CKP diets groups were significantly decreased than those of the control group. The liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in both the CK and CKP diets groups than those in the control group. The concentrations in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index ratios were significantly decreased in the CK and CKP diets groups compared with those in the control group. The HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios were significantly increased in the CK and CKP diets groups compared with those in the control group. Fecal cholesterol and triglyceride excretion of the CK and CKP diets groups were significantly increased than those of the control group. These results showed that both the feeding of cheonggukjang and cheonggukjang added Pheilinus linteus decreased the triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in serum as well as the triglyceride and cholesterol in liver, and increased the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio in serum of the rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1357-1368
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity and anti-inflammation effect of the cheonggukjang (a soybean paste fermented for only a few days) in diet induced obesity mice. Weight gain was significantly decreased in the mice fed cheonggukjang compared High Fat Diets (HFD). The HFD plus cheonggukjang (CGJ) were also effective in improving the lipid metabolism. The levels of plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, ALT, AST, leptin, glucose, and insulin were significantly lower in CGJ than HFD group (p<0.05). The adiponectin level of CGJ group was significantly increased compared to the HFD group (p<0.05). In the CGJ group, the mRNA expression of adipogenic genes in the liver and adipose tissues, which are transcription factors crucial for adipogenesis, were significantly suppressed (p<0.05). The number of $CD11b^+F4/80^+$ T cells, $Gr-1^{int}CD11b^{high}$ cells, and $Gr-1^{int}CD11b^{high}$ cells were significantly higher in HFD group than CGJ group (p<0.05). The size of adipocyte was significantly reduced in CGJ group compared to HFD group. In addition, the contents of liver lipid droplets were significantly downregulated in the CGJ mice than HFD mice (p<0.05). Collectively, these data suggest the novel function of cheonggukjang in modulating adipogenesis through an immune function-alteration involving downregulation of adipogenic transcription factors and macrophage activation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.271.2-271
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2004