• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.70
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• pp.9-31
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• 2018

Houshan's Comments on Poets and Poetry by Chen Shidao, one of the most famous comments on poets and poetry in the Northern Song Dynasty, is regarded as the early masterpiece of the literary critic genre called comments on poets an poetry. In particular, the theory on poetry of Houshan's Comments on Poets and Poetry reflected the overall literature fashion of the Song Dynasty, and captured the typical arguments of poetics in the Song Dynasty. The poet's character-building and accumulation of knowledge, the study of Du Fu and other poets and a quest for "No Trace" reveal the practice and aesthetics of the poets in the Northern Song Dynasty. So far, Chen Shidao has been known as a formalist poet, and he has actually focused on learning the rules of verse and learning classical poetry. But the final goal of his theory on poetry was a free creation, not the strict rules. He just thought that he could get the freedom of creation by constantly learning rules and building a poem. Therefore, his comments in Houshan's Comments on Poets and Poetry can not be regarded as simply formalist views. Because he wanted to achieve his ideal freedom of creation with elaborate formats and content.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.295-314
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• 2007

IFLA's FRBR model is a significant contribution to cataloging on both theoretical and practical grounds. This paper provides a brief overview of FRBR, a methodology for applying the FRBR work concept to a random sample of 1,000 bibliographic records taken from Korean National Bibliographic, and estimates of the number of works in Korean National Bibliographic and their associated characteristics, based on analysis of the sample. FRBR model can be applied to 16.9% of all works in Korean National Bibliographic. Results suggest that the majority of benefits associated with applying FRBR to Korean National Bibliographic could be obtained by concentrated on a relatively small number of complex works.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.269-286
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• 2013

This study analysed work types of Chinese bibliographical records based on FRBR model to identify how many useful data there are in bibliographical records and how much difference in usefulness there is according to themes. For the purposes, the study randomly extracted samples of 2,200 Chinese books with 100 cases of 22 kinds from "Chinese Library Classification" through National Library of China's OPAC, targeting Chinese books collected by the National Library of China to analyse the work types of Chinese bibliographical records and their usefulness in application of the FRBR model according to themes and data types. The results are summarized as follows: Firstly, in applying the FRBR model for Chinese bibliographical records, 18.6% was considered as useful works for which simple work was added to complex work. Secondly, although it is a fact that usefulness is higher as bibliographical relations are more complex, only works by famous people collected in 'Marxism-Leninism'(A) and some classics and modern masterpieces collected in 'Literature'(I) have diverse versions of works such as sequels, revision, reproduction, adaptation, and critical books. However, if criticism, review, explanation and bibliographical introduction are included in specific subjects of 'Military'(E), 'Language and Words'(H), 'Literature'(I) and 'Comprehensive Book'(Z), it was clear that their usefulness is relatively high.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.35
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• pp.101-133
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• 2009

Shi Zhen Wang has established his own comprehensive poetics; diachronically, he integrated the main theories on poetry from Wei and Jin to Ming and synchronically the major themes and concerns including 'pure and far-off', 'strong and firm', 'Adoration of Tang', 'Adoration of Song', 'gentle and mild', 'manly and broad minded', 'Nothern Song Ci' and 'Southern Song Ci', etc. The constant goal he sought in this integration process was to represent the intrinsic value of the literary on the basis of the absolute and objective standard without leaning toward a certain value. The standards and values, which are originated from the theory of Shenyun, are founded, more exactly, on 'to reach to it with no written word', 'the meaning outside of the meaning', 'intuitional feeling', 'the nature', 'elegance and righteousness', etc. Because of this, he was able to find good points from each work without prejudice and have full use of his critical talents with objective attitude.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.57
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• pp.103-136
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• 2014

This is the paper on the descriptive perspective and writing method in Yeheon(旅軒)'s Piranrok(避亂錄). Piranrok was Yeheon's diary which was written during Japanese invasions of Korea. Many intellectual recorded their diaries during the war. Yeheon's Piranrok was a typical example among war journals. I tried to take view of the descriptive perspective and writing method in Yeheon's Piranrok. First, sourceful introspection was distinct characteristic in the descriptive perspective. Yeheon penetrated into a chaotic state of affairs during Japanese invasions of Korea. And Yeheon had reflective consciousness about self-existence. He contemplated his existence through diary writing. I had a task to study the writing methods in Yeheon's diary. One of the distinct characteristic in writing methods was to increase specific gravity of discussion. Yeheon advocated strongly his opinion and position about cause of war, war responsibility, morality, fortification and righteous army. Yeheon made the best use of communication method and catechetic method. He answered his own questions about the enter and retirement of public office. He expressed his worry and conflict through various techniques of expression. I have a task to study the diary in Chosun dynasty. I believe that analyzing characteristics of Yeheon's diary can contribute to understanding the literature history of diaries in Chosun dynasty.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.62
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• pp.67-85
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• 2016

This paper review literary trend in the late Yuan and the early Ming dynasty and the position of Song lian 宋濂's literature in that time. Analyzing his literary theory chronologically, this paper were able to reveal that Song lian had falled into ancient prose of the Chin and Han dynasty for a long time. He have been symply summarized as a confucian literary man, but he could not extricate himself from ancient prose during youth and his manhood. It was only after that he met his teacher Huang jin 黃? and withdrew into the six confucian classics and began to have a view of literature based in confusian. But he still wasn't able to rid himself of the temptation of ancient prose. At the age of fifty, assisting Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 in founding Ming dynasty, he's built up his own view of literature based in the Six Confucian Classics 六經, confucian scholars during the Song dynasty, ancient prose of the Tang and Song dynasty like as Hanyu 韓愈 and Ouyang Xiu 歐陽脩's works. In short, undergoing a complete transformation individually and historically through a tumultuous period of the late Yuan and the early Ming, Song lian could establish his own view of literature based in confusian and present ideological coordinates and a new model of the Ming literature.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.69
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• pp.531-561
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• 2017

This article's aim is to contrast Dasan's commentary with Chu-tzu' and old commentary on The Meaning of learning(學) and ming(命) in Confucius Analects analects. Confucius Analects analects began with Confucius said, " Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application?"(1:1), and closed with Confucius said, "Without recognizing the ordinances of Heaven, it is impossible to be a superior man. We can consider Confucian analects as theory of science. I've tried to define the meaning of learning(學) in Confucius Analects, at first. The Meaning of learning in Confucian analects have 1) Technology, 2) the way of human relation, 3) liberal ar, and 4) 'learning to become a sage. Chu-tzu defines learning(學) in Confucius Analects as 'learning to become a sage'. Dasan's considered learning(學) as science in general. Chu-tzu' and old commentary defined zhiming(知命) in Confucius Analects is 'to know the fact that there is destiny in man's life(ex, life and death). Dasan reinterpreted ming(命) in Confucius Analects as human mind-nature.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.73
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• pp.9-33
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• 2018

This paper examines the literary theory of Gollyun(昆侖) Choe, Changdae(崔昌大, 1669-1720). He has authored a variety of works, and his works have been recognized in many literatures. Because of this, studying his literature is a meaningful. The theory of poem creation is as follows. It is the basic poem creationism that expresses the feelings that I experienced and felt as it is. The utility is to multiply and control the artist's feelings through his poem. However, the creative theory of being the best writer is different from this. It must be premised on finding from the heart and studying various books. If these qualities was provided, the words are clear and the meaning is condensed. He distinguished between general works and the best works, and presented their own creative theory and discussed their utility. The theory of prose utility is as follows. He emphasizes the importance of communicating with contemporaries and establishing important things of the day and making them easier to understand, without specifying the morality. This is a thoroughly realistic utility theory. In the classical chinese prose's history, 'Sadal(辭達)' and 'Susa(修辭)' were issues. He transcends the recognition of 'Sadal(辭達)' and 'Susa(修辭)' as zero-sum. In addition, he gives priority to the meaning of the writer and emphasizes self-realization, which is in common with other political soron(少論) writers' theories. When creating prose, simplicity and bizarreness were issues. He emphasizes concise writing. However, it can be realized when a writer with high opinion is aware of the reason and raises the core. Through various sources, he has completely rejected Ming(明) dynasty's former and latter seven master(前後七子). However, he did not exclude their work unilaterally, and recognized the work of Chin-Han dynasty(秦漢) and Dang-Song dynasty(唐宋). This is the same as his father Choiseokjung(崔錫鼎). He recognized Chin-Han dynasty(秦漢) and Dang-Song dynasty(唐宋) equally, and sought a simplified and summarized style.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.1
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• pp.145-168
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• 2003

Im 18. Jahrhundert stritt man urn allgemeing$\"{u}$ltige Kriterien f$\"{u}$r die Kunstkritik, welche ebenda aufzubl$\"{u}$hen begann. Im Zentrum dieser Auseinandersetzung, die uns als "Laokoon-streit" bekannt ist, befanden sich Johann Joachim Winckelmann einerseits und ein franz$\"{o}$sischer Bildhauer Etienne-Maurice Falconet(1716-1791) andererseits. Die beiden waren von ganz unterschiedlichen Kunstideen $\"{u}$berzeugt. Obwohl sie niemals zusammentraf, fielen sie in eine heftige schriftliche Diskussion. Wie bekannt, vertrat Winckelmann den aufkommenden Klassizismus. Er setzte die griechische Kunst auf die h$\"{o}$chste Rangstufe auf und bezeichnet sie als Tr$\"{a}$ger der sogenannten "edlen Einfalt und stillen Gr$\"{o}{\beta}$e, die sonst in der Natur verborgen bleibe. Nach Winckelmann sollte der K$\"{u}$nstler die griechischen Vorbilder wie Apollo von Belvedere und Laokoon nachahmen, um das wesentlich Sch$\"{o}$ne zu erlernen. Falconet $\"{u}$bte eine scharfe Kritik gegen die Meinung Winckelmanns und die Diletantismus in der Kunstkritik aus. Selbst als Theoretiker warf er vor, dass die Klassizisten um ihr dogmatisch struktuiertes Lehrgeb$\"{a}$ude willen alle andere Eigenschaften der Kunst sowie Kunstwerke $\"{u}$bersahen und ihre Apotheose der klassischen Kunst auf die Entwicklung der Kunst eher als Hindernis wirkte. Im besonderen Hinblick auf den Ausdruck der menschlichen Leidenschaft distanzierte Falconet sich von der Lehrmeinung des Klassizismus, n$\"{a}$mlich Zur$\"{u}$ckhaltung derselben Leidenschaft wegen der idealen Sch$\"{o}$nheit. Vor dem Laokoon teilten Falconet und die Klassizisten ihre Meinung un$\"{u}$berbr$\"{u}$ckbar voneinander. F$\"{u}$r diese war der Laokoon die Repr$\"{a}$sentation des erhabenen Menschen, der leidet, ohne seinen Affekt zu enth$\"{u}$llen. Im Gegensatz sah Falconet in demselben Werk einen erlungenen Ausdruck des menschlichen Gef$\"{u}$hls. Sein Deb$\"{u}$twerk ist also die Visualisierung seiner Kunstauffassung. Unter Einfluss Pierre Pugets sowie seines Lehrers Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne bem$\"{u}$ht er sich darum, den Ausdruck der menschlichen Leidenschaft durch kunsttechnische Leistung und wissenschaftliche Forschung zu erstarken. Daraus ergab sich die expressive Ausdrucksform des Affekts. In diesem Fall verband sich Falconet mit der Tradition des barocken Kunstwollens, aber er ging einen Schritt weiter, indem er die Ausdrucksweise noch realistischer und lebendiger zu machen vermag. Faconet war vielleicht der einzige K$\"{u}$nstler, der Vorteile det barocken Kunst ausnut zen konnte, ohne dabei die klassische und realistische Formensprache zu verlieren. Dutch sein Werk und seine theoretischen Schriften er$\"{o}$ffnete er neue Prinzipien sowohl f$\"{u}$r die Kunstpraxis als auch f$\"{u}$r die Kunstkritik, deren wesentliche Sinn jedoch erst in der Romantik anerkannt wurde.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.23-29
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• 2003

Transonic two-phase flow of Saturated humid air, in which relative humidity is 100%, with various condensation processes around thin airfoils is investigated. The study uses an extended transonic small-disturbance(TSD) model of Rusak and Lee [11, 12] which includes effects of heat addition to the flow due to condensation. Two possible limit types of condensation processes are considered. In the nonequilibrium and homogeneous process, the condensate mass fraction is calculated according to classical nucleation and droplet growth rate models. In the equilibrium process, the condensate mass fraction is calculated by assuming an isentropic process. The flow and condensation equations are solved numerical1y by iterative computations. Results under same upstream conditions describe the flow structure, field of condensate, and pressure distribution on airfoil's surfaces. It is found that flow characteristics, such as position and strength of shock waves and airfoil’s pressure distribution, are different for the two condensation processes. Yet, in each case, heat addition as a result of condensation causes significant changes in flow behavior and affects the aerodynamic performance of airfoils.