• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2014

This study examines the quality characteristics of the muffins made by adding 3%, 6%, and 9% of beet powder, comparing with the reference group. The result showed that there has been no significant difference in the ash content from the groups added with 3% and 9% of beet powder. The height of muffins appeared to be 4.7~5.0 cm, which didn't show any significant difference among the samples. The volume of beet muffins has shown significant difference among the samples (p<0.001). From the measurement result by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the samples had thick cellular walls and coarse pores because there was less gluten content with increased beet powder. From the chromaticity measurement result, L value and b-value decreased, while a-value increased with increased beet powder. From the texture measurement result, hardness increased with increased beet powder. Adhesiveness appeared to be getting lower with increased beet powder. Also, there was significant difference among the samples for cohesiveness (p<0.001). Gumminess got higher in the samples added with 3% and 6% of beet powder, and the highest chewiness was shown in the sample group added with 3% of beet powder. From the sensory evaluation result, overall acceptance has appeared in order of 6% > 9% > 3% > 0%.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.1D
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• pp.13-22
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• 2012

The 119 emergency rescue-aid service operated by Korean government is a very valuable in a society and its importance is growing in Korea as an aging society. Especially, the emergency vehicle's arrival time to accidents place is an important variable which affects initial emergency measure for patients and it depends on the road network attributes, such as emergency service station's location, accessibility to accidents place and so on. This study aims to analysis the emergency vehicles' arrival delay and the dispatch station in the viewpoint of efficiency utilizing the real rescue-aid activity data. We analyzed the dispatch distribution of the emergency rescue-aid service at first. And we analyzed high accident rate locations not involved in the fixed radius of rescue-aid service stations and display GIS map showing regions have been delayed. The input data of the road network speed is based on the KTDB (Korea Transportation Database) and historical rescue-aid data is from Gyeongsangbuk-do's fire service headquarters.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.638-642
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• 2005

For gas hydrate exploration, long offset multichannel seismic data acquired using by the 4km streamer length in Ulleung basin of the East Sea. The dataset was processed to define the BSRs (Bottom Simulating Reflectors) and to estimate the amount of gas hydrates. Confirmation of the presence of Bottom Simulating reflectors (BSR) and investigation of its physical properties from seismic section are important for gas hydrate detection. Specially, faster interval velocity overlying slower interval velocity indicates the likely presences of gas hydrate above BSR and free gas underneath BSR. In consequence, estimation of correct interval velocities and analysis of their spatial variations are critical processes for gas hydrate detection using seismic reflection data. Using Dix's equation, Root Mean Square (RMS) velocities can be converted into interval velocities. However, it is not a proper way to investigate interval velocities above and below BSR considering the fact that RMS velocities have poor resolution and correctness and the assumption that interval velocities increase along the depth. Therefore, we incorporated Migration Velocity Analysis (MVA) software produced by Landmark CO. to estimate correct interval velocities in detail. MVA is a process to yield velocities of sediments between layers using Common Mid Point (CMP) gathered seismic data. The CMP gathered data for MVA should be produced after basic processing steps to enhance the signal to noise ratio of the first reflections. Prestack depth migrated section is produced using interval velocities and interval velocities are key parameters governing qualities of prestack depth migration section. Correctness of interval velocities can be examined by the presence of Residual Move Out (RMO) on CMP gathered data. If there is no RMO, peaks of primary reflection events are flat in horizontal direction for all offsets of Common Reflection Point (CRP) gathers and it proves that prestack depth migration is done with correct velocity field. Used method in this study, Tomographic inversion needs two initial input data. One is the dataset obtained from the results of preprocessing by removing multiples and noise and stacked partially. The other is the depth domain velocity model build by smoothing and editing the interval velocity converted from RMS velocity. After the three times iteration of tomography inversion, Optimum interval velocity field can be fixed. The conclusion of this study as follow, the final Interval velocity around the BSR decreased to 1400 m/s from 2500 m/s abruptly. BSR is showed about 200m depth under the seabottom

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.233-236
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• 2019

Citrus vein enation virus (CVEV), which was regulated as a quarantine virus in Korea, was firstly found on Jeju Island in 2017. In February 2018, a survey was carried out to determine the distribution of CVEV in the main commercial areas growing Citrus spp. and Poncirus trifoliata. The survey was performed at 203 groves in the southern Korean Peninsula and Jeju Island. CVEV infection was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction detection and sequencing. The coat protein (CP) gene sequences obtained from the CVEV-infected samples showed high similarities (more than 98%) to the previously reported CVEV CP sequences. In summary, CVEV was detected in 136 groves (67%), in which 85.4% of Citrus junos and 77.8% of Citrus unshiu were infected by CVEV. In Jeju Island, the infection rate of CVEV was relatively higher (90.6%). Our result revealed that CVEV has spread widely in Citrus and Poncirus in Korea. Based on the result, the Korean quarantine agency decide to exclude CVEV from quarantine in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.319-325
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• 1999

A culture-dependent survey of bacterial community in the soil-root system of red pepper and tomato was conducted by dilution plate count method. The bacterial community within soil was not different from that of rhizoplane. However, the populations of fluorescent, pseudomonads were higher in rhizoplanes than in soils and higher in healthy rhizoplanes than in Phytophthora disease-infested rhizoplanes. The bacterial community of the pepper cropped soil and rhizoplanes was very similar to that of the tomato-cropped soil and rhizoplanes. Among 285 identified bacterial colonies, most colonies were belong to two groups by fatty acid analyses: 52% of the 285 colonies were belong to low G + C gram positive bacteria group. Bacillus spp. and 33% were belong to high G + C gram positive bacteria group. In order to use beneficial microorganisms to agro-ecosystem, these data of field trials should be intensively accumulated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.369-379
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• 2014

The Statistical regression model has been used to construct crash prediction models, despite its limitations in assuming data distribution and functional form. In response to the limitations associated with the statistical regression models, a few studies based on non-parametric methods such as neural networks have been proposed to develop crash prediction models. However, these models have a major limitation in that they work as black boxes, and therefore cannot be directly used to identify the relationships between crash frequency and crash factors. A genetic programming model can find a solution to a problem without any specified assumptions and remove the black box effect. Hence, this paper investigates the application of the genetic programming technique to develope the crash prediction model. The data collected from the Gyeongbu expressway during the past three years (2010-2012), were separated into straight and curve sections. The random forest technique was applied to select the important variables that affect crash occurrence. The genetic programming model was developed based on the variables that were selected by the random forest. To test the goodness of fit of the genetic programming model, the RMSE of each model was compared to that of the negative binomial regression model. The test results indicate that the goodness of fit of the genetic programming models is superior to that of the negative binomial models.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.2 s.89
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• pp.132-137
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• 1999

This study was carried out to develop the molecular marker for the detection of Pseudomonas tolaasii, a causative agent of bacterial brown blotch disease of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). When several primers designed from repetitive sequences and pectin lyase genes of bacteria were used to produce DNA polymorphism from different Pseudomonas spp. isolated from edible mushrooms, PEU1 primer derived from pectin lyase gene produced polymorphic bands differentiating P. tolaasii strains from other Pseudomonas species. Two bands, 1.0kb and 0.4kb, found commonly in 6 isolates of P. tolaasii were cloned into pGEM-T vector which were designated as pPTOP1 and pPTOP2, respectively, to use as probe. The 0.4 kb insert of pPTOP2 hybridized to only 6 isolates of P. tolaasii, but did not to the other Pseudomonas species. As few as $1.5{\times}10^3$ colony forming unit (cfu) of P. tolaasii could be detected by dot blot hybridization with the cloned 0.4kb DNA in pPTOP2.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.1 s.88
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• pp.27-31
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• 1999

The internal transcribed spacer II regions (ITS II) of the ribosomal DNA gene repeat from Coprinus spp. were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Sequences from 11 species including Coprinus comatus, C. atramentarius, C. micaceus, C. lagopus, C. cinereus, C. rhizophorus, C. flocculosus, C. radians, and C. echinosporus were compared. The spacer regions of them were $253{\sim}275$ nucleotide in length and partially contained 5.8S and 25S. The reciprocal homologies of each ITS II sequence among these strains were in the range of $50.6{\sim}100%$. According to the analysis of ITS II sequences, Coprinus spp. were classified into three clusters. Cluster I consisted of Coprinus lagopus, C. cinereus, C. echinosporus, C. rhizophorus, C. niveus, and C. atramentarius. Cluster II comprised C. micaceus, C. flocculosus, C. radians, and C. disseminatus. On the other hand C. comatus is in Cluster III even though this species is belonging to the section Coprinus in morphological aspect. These results suggest that Coprinus comatus, which was considered as a type species of the genus Coprinus in morphological classification, gives a doubt of monophyletic evolution and is assumed to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.1 s.88
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• pp.39-43
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• 1999

The internal transcribed spacer II regions (ITS II) of the ribosomal DNA gene repeat from Ganoderma spp. were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Sequences from 9 species including Ganoderma lucidum, G. tsugae, G. pfeifferi, G. resinaceum, G. australe-applanatum, G. oregonense, G. neo-japonicum, G. applanatum and Inonotus xeranticus as an out-group were compared. The spacer regions of them were $247{\sim}257$ nucleotides in length and contained partial sequences of 5.8S and 25S gene. The reciprocal homologies of each ITS II sequence of the species were in the range of $70{\sim}100%$ except outgroup species, I. xeranticus. According to the analysis of ITS II sequences, Ganoderma spp. constructed 5 clusters. Ganoderma lucidum isolates were to be divided into two groups. One group was consisted of isolates from South Korea. The other group comprised isolates from UK. G. lucidum isolates belonging to the group I were closely related with G. tsugae. These results suggested that G. lucidum from Korea should be G. tsugae, otherwise G. tsugae was to be synonym of G. lucidum.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.6 s.93
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• pp.406-411
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• 1999

The phylogenetic relationships of black-spored basidioid taxa (mainly coprinoid taxa) and an agaric-like gastroid taxon were studied. The sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) partially including 17S, 25S and 5.8S from 14 species (Coprinus comatus, C. atramentarius, C. micaceus, C. cinereus, C. disseminatus, C. rhizophorus, C. radians, C. echinosporus, Psathyrella candolleana, Podaxis pistillaris, Conocybe lactea, Bolbitius demangei, Agaricus balzei, and Stropharia rugosoannulata) were compared. The reciprocal homologies of ITS sequences among these species were in the range of $38.7{\sim}77.2%$. Black-spored taxa were classified into four clusters. Cluster I comprised C. micaceus, C. radians, and C. disseminata. Cluster II is consisted of C. cinereus, C. echinosporus, C. rhizophorus, and C. atramentarius. On the other hand, C. comatus is in cluster III with Agaricus balzei and Podaxis pistillaris even though this species is belonging to the section Coprinus in morphological aspect. Psathyrelloid taxon is included in cluster II. The question of the origin of secotioid (agaric-like) fungi has been taken, though largely on theoritical suggestions as to whether gastroid taxa give rise to agarics with secotioid taxa as intermediates or whether secotioid taxa are evolutionary novelities arising from many distinct groups of agarics. In this relationship, it was shown that secotioid taxon evolved from within agaric species.