• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.176-181
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• 2010

Brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani AG1-1), dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa), pythium blight (Pythium spp.), anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola), yellow patch (Rhizoctonia cerealis) and Zoysia patch (Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2) are the major turfgrasses diseases in Korea. In this study, 23 medicinal plant extracts were tested for antifungal activities against turfgrass pathogenic fungi. In paper disk diffusion method, 12 medicinal plant extracts, including Sophora flavescens, showed antifungal activity. Also, in the test of antifungal activity on media contained the extracts of S. flavescens, Curcuma longa, Rheum undulatum, Coptis chinensis and Asiasarum sieboldi showed above 80% inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth in 110 mg/10 ml concentration of the extracts. S. flavescens, in particularly, showed antifungal activity against the six turfgrass pathogenic fungi. The inhibition rate of S. homoeocarpa was 100% in 10 mg/10 ml, 5 mg/10 ml and 2 mg/10 ml concentrations of C. longa extract. In case of Pythium spp., the extracts of S. flavescens, R. undulatum and C. chinensis showed 100 % inhibition rate on the test media.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.624-629
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• 1998

This studies were carried out to investigate antimicrobial activity of 35 kinds of medicinal herbs against lactic acid bacteria isolated from home-made Kimchi. The most isolated lactic acid bacteria were inhibited by ethanol extract of various medicinal herbs such as Schizandra chinensis (SC), Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU), Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) and Sophrora flavescens AITON (SF). But Cnidium monnier, Pinus densiflora, Paeonia suffruticosa, Acanthopanax sessiliflorum and Rhus chinensis inhibited the growth of only a few isolated lactic acid bacteria. The pH of Kimchi containing 1% of medicinal herbs extracts such as SM, GU, LE and SF was higher than that of control during fermentation for 25 days at $10^{\circ}C$, respectively. Titratable acidity and viable cells of total bacteria and lactic acid bacteria of the Kimchi were lower than that of control during fermentation. The sensory quality (taste, flavor and overall acceptability) of SM, GU, and LE added Kimchi was similar to that of control at 10th day of fermentation. But Sophrora flavescens AITON added Kimchi decreased significantly its sensory quality compared with control(P<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2003

Aqueous extracts from eleven species of Korean medicinal plants were screened for antiviral activity against transmissble gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhae virus (PEDV). Seven of eleven plant extracts were found to have cytotoxicity for ST cells at the concentration of 1mg/ml, and ten extracts except Ephedra sinica were found to have non-cytotoxicity for Vero cells at the same concentration, Extracts of Zanthoxylum piperium, Cudrina tricuspidata, Clerodendron trichomum, Sophora flavescens, effectively inhibited TGEV, respectively. There were the antiviral activity against TGEV in the extracts of Glesdistsia sinensis, Euonymus alatus, Ficus carica, Solanum nigrum, Ephedra sinica, Xanthium strumarium, Acanthopanax seeliflorus in spite of their cytotoxicities. Nine extracts except Xanthium strumarium and Acanthopanax seeliflorus were found to have the antiviral activitity against PEDV. Extracts of Zanthoxylum piperium, Sophora flavescens was shown to have antiviral activities against both TGEV and PEDV.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.347-355
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• 1997

For the selection of plants contained pesticidal active conpounds, 31 families 59 species of native plants were collected and biological activites of their crude extracts against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and allelopathy were examined. Among the screened plants, the crude extracts from the leaves of Ricinus communis and Sophora angustifolia showed 100% and 82% of mortality on brown planthopper at the concentration of 1% (w/v) respectively. Mixed crude extracts of Sophora angustifolia root and Melia azedarach seed exhibited 128${\sim}$155% of synergistic effects on the mortality of brown planthopper. In case of fungicidal activity, the crude extracts from the leaves of 8 plants including Chrysanthemum indicum were inhibitory of the growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae at 1%(w/v) soluction. Seed germination of radish (Raphanus sativas) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) was inhibited by 0.5%(w/v) leaf extracts of Pinus densiflora and Quercus acutissima. MeOH extracts of Pinus denislora leaves gave 100% inhibition in seed germintion of radish at 2%(w/v) soluction and showed a complete inhibition in seedling growth of barnyardgrass as well as radish at 5% solution.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.588-590
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• 2001

Two flavanones, (2S) -2'-methoxykurarinones (1) and kurarinones (2) , were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of Sophora flavescense Ait. Their structrures were elucidated using NMR, UV and IR spectral analysis. These compounds exhibited a moderate antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis Pseudomonas Putida and a weak anti-fungal activity against Candida albicans.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.258-261
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• 2009

In this work, we the ettect on extraction amounts and general composition content of phytoestrogen genistein and formononetin extracted from Sophoraflavescens Aiton by various ultrasonic waves(35, 72, and 170 KHz) and extraction time(30, and 60 min) were compared using extraction solvent water 100%. The pretreatment step was composed of ultrasonic waves extraction, filtration, concentration, and membrane filtration. The extracted sample was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC). And the mobile phase applied was linearly changed with A/B of 80/20~65/35 vol% for 60 min(A water/acetic acid, 99.9/0.1 vol%, B acetonitrile/acetic acid, 99.9/0.1 vol%). The experimental results, general composition carbohydrate(0.255 to 0.413%) excepts, other ingredients was confirmed almost similarly. Also, The highest yield of extraction amount 3.17g was obtained by ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 170 KHz and an extraction time of 60 min. This work offers would be useful for chemical and biological studies of natural plants and its products.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.672-679
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• 1998

The ethanol extract and its chloroform fraction of Sophora flavescens Ait. exhibited growth inhibition on some food poisoning bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the above extracts were $50{\sim}500\;ppm$ and below 50 ppm Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19111, 19112, 19113, 19114, 15313). By silica gel column chromatography twice, antimicrobial active compound S-10-6 was isolated from chloroform fraction of Sophora flavescens Ait. The fraction S-10-6 showed strong growth inhibition at 10 ppm on 5 strains of L. monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 14593 and Staphylococcus aureus KFCC 11764 but Esherichia coli ATCC 25922 was not inhibited at 100 ppm and also confirmed bactericidal effect at 30 and 50 ppm on 5 strains of L. monocytogenes. The antimicrobial compound S-10-6 was identified as kushenol F, a kind of flavanone compound, by EI/MS, $^1H-NMR\;and\;^{13}C-NMR$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.3_4
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• pp.464-472
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to elucidate dyeability and antimicrobial activity of cotton fabrics dyed with Sophora Radix extracts according to various mordants. Dyes were extracted from Sophora Radix using ethanol. Then, cotton fabrics were dyed with extracts two times by post-mordanting method in which the extract was 60% (owf, the mordant was 3% (owf), L.R was 1:20, the temperature was 60~7$0^{\circ}C$, the time of dyeing was 60min., and the time of mordanting was 60min.. The dyeability was evaluated by surface color and color fastness. The skin microorganism was evaluated on S. sureus, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, P. acnes, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, A. niger, C. albicans and T. mentagrophytes. The results are as follows; 1. When mordants were treated, surface color was 3.3Y to 0.1 GY in H (hue) value which indicated greenish yellow to yellow 2. The color fastness to perspiration, dry-cleaning, rubbing, and washing stain fabric showed 4~5 degree. The color fastness to light was improved to 4 degree by treatment of mordants. The color fastness to washing was 2 degree which was somewhat poor. 3. Cotton dyed with ethanol extracts was excellent on S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis and p. antis. But that showed poor antibacterial activities on P. aeruginosa and E. coli such as gram negative baterials 4. Antibacterial activity of cotton fabrics dyed didn't be improved by treatment of mordant 5. Antifungal activity of cotton dyed with ethanol extracts was excellent on T. mentagrophytes. Especially, on T. mentagrophytes there was no growth of fungus during 72 hours in cotton dyed mordanting with SnCl$_2$.$_2$$H_2O$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.127-131
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• 2005

NOAA/AVHRR 위성영상을 이용하여 기상학적 가뭄을 평가하고, SWSI (Surface Water Supply Index)를 보완한 MSWSI (Modified SWSI)를 이용하여 전국을 32개 유역으로 분할 및 적용하여 수문학적인 가뭄을 평가하고, 농업용 저수지의 유입량 및 저수량을 이용하여 용수구역 단위의 농업가뭄을 평가하였다. 기상학적 가뭄평가를 위해서 NOAA/AVHRR 위성영상으로부터 추출된 실제증발산량과 Hamon 방법에 의하여 산정된 잠재증발산량을 이용하여 기후학적 물수지 분석을 수행하고 가뭄파악을 위한 지표인 습윤지표 분포도를 작성하였다. 수문학적 가뭄평가를 위해서 강우량, 하천유량, 댐유입량, 지하수위 자료를 이용하여 1974년부터 2001년까지의 유역단위 MSWSI 값을 산정하였다. 농업 가뭄을 평가하기 위하여 안성시 고삼저수지의 저수량과 SLURP 모형을 이용하여 산정한 유입량으로서 안고용수구역에 대하여 농업 가뭄을 평가하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.04c
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• pp.383-385
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 개념 기반 검색엔진 시스템(Concept-based Search Engine System)의 검색 정확도를 향상시키기 위한 방법으로 MeSH를 이용하였다. MeSH는 Medical Subject Headings의 약자로서 MEDLINE 논문의 원활한 검색을 위하여 주제어를 코드화한 것으로 이를 개념 그래프의 시소러스로 사용하여 개념 그래프의 가장 중요한 부분인 개념 추출의 정확성을 보장하도록 하였다. 본 논문은 2003년 MeSH의 Descriptor Data의 Term 항목을 사용하여 개념과 관련이 있는 유의어를 추출했다. 추출된 유의어로 개념 그래프를 구성한 것과 문서 내에서의 단어 빈도수에 의하여 개념 그래프를 구성한 것의 검색 결과를 비교한 결과 MeSH 를 시소러스로 사용하여 개념 그래프를 구성한 것이 훨씬 더 정확한 결과를 내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.