• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2015

This study investigated genetic, mineralogical and spectral characteristics of oil shale and coal samples in Dundgobi area, Mongolia. Based the Rock/Eval and Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, kerogen type, hydrogen quantity, thermal maturity and depositional environment were confirmed. Moreover, the mineral composition of oil shale and coal samples were analyzed by XRD and spectroscopy. The result of Rock Eval/TOC analysis revealed that the samples of Eedemt deposit are immature to mature source rocks with sufficient hydrocarbon potential, and the kerogen types were classified as Type I, Type II and Type III kerogen. On the other hand, the samples from Shine Us Khudag deposit were mature with good to very good hydrocarbon potential rocks where kengen types are defined as Type I, Type II/III and Type III kerogen. According to the carbon and sulfur contents, the depositional environment of the both sites were defined as a freshwater depositional environment. The XRD analysis revealed that the mineral composition of oil shale and coal samples were quartz, calcite, dolomite, illite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, anorthoclase, albite, microcline, orthoclase and analcime. The absorption features of oil shale samples were at 1412 nm and 1907 nm by clay minerals and water, 2206 nm by clay minerals of kaolinite and montmorillonite and 2306 nm by dolomite. It is considered that spectral characteristics on organic matter content test must be tested for oil shale exploration using remote sensing techniques.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2009

In present study, an alternative process for manufacturing ultra marine blue by using kaolin, sulfur, sodium carbonate, silica, and rosin was investigated. From the experiments, it was found in the reductive calcination process that the temperature variation with the bed height of input materials is relatively high due to the inadequate thermal conductivity of them. It was also found that the color of the ultramarine blue manufactured is sensitive for the shape of the input materials and the calcinations conditions, and specially the heating rate is very important to form ultramarine. For manufacturing green ultramarine by using sulfur, sodium carbonate, silicon, and pine resin, an optimum condition was investigated to be the heating rate region below $0.6^{\circ}C/min$, the reaction temperature of $850^{\circ}C$ and the reaction time of 4 hr. At the oxidative calcination process to manufacture ultra marine blue from green ultramarine, the optimum flow rate of air is $500{\sim}550\;{\ell}/kg$ (green ultramarine) and the reaction temperature is $500{\sim}550^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2018

This study analyzed precipitation environment, heavy metal concentration, mineral composition, and spectral characteristics associated with heavy metal concentration and mineral composition for the reddish brown precipitates occurred in the drainage of Dogye mining station. The pH of the reddish brown precipitates ranges from 7.59 to 7.94 resulting neutral. XRF analysis reveals that the precipitates has high Fe concentration, and contaminated with Ni, Cu, and Zn. Dolomite, calcite, goethite, magnetite, kaolinite, pyrophyllite, quartz and aluminum isopropoxide were identified based on XRD analysis. As a result of spectral analysis associated with heavy metal contamination, visible reflectance increases and infrared reflectance decreases with a increase in heavy metal concentration. The spectral characteristics of the reddish brown precipitates is turned out to be manifested by goethite, magnetite, kaolinite, pyrophyllite and aluminum isopropoxide.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2017

This study investigated mineralogy, spectral characteristics and heavy metal contamination including Cd, Ni, Al, Fe, Mn and S for white precipitation in Miin falls based on XRF, XRD, and spectrometer. As a result, Al concentration was abnormally high at all samples, and most of the samples showed high contamination level in Cd and Ni. XRD results detected quartz, kaolinite, rhomboclase, aluminocoquimbite, and gibbsite which infers that heavy metal elements are distributed by adsorption with clay minerals. Spectral characteristics of white precipitation can be described by increasing pattern of reflectance in visible spectrum and decreasing pattern of reflectance in longer wave length including near infrared and shortwave infrared spectrum. The absorption features reveals that spectral characteristics of white precipitation is mainly controlled by kaolinite, rhomboclase, aluminocoquimbite, and gibbsite. The relationship between heavy metal concentration and absorption depth showed high positive correlation for Al concentration and absorption feature at 2202 nm of Al-OH absorption. This spectral characteristics indicates that absorption depth could be effectively used for estimation of heavy metal concentration.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.743-753
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• 2020

This study analyzed heavy metal concentration, mineral composition, and spectral characteristics of heavy metal contaminated soil samples of cropland and rice field located in downstream of abandoned Okdong coal mine. X-ray fluorescence analysis detected heavy metal elements including cadmium, copper, arsenic, lead, zinc and nickel in the soils. Both cropland and rice field samples were severely contaminated with arsenic showing higher concentration over the concerned standard. The pollution index of cropland samples was higher than that of rice field samples. X-ray powder diffraction analysis identified that the mineral composition of cropland and rice field samples is similar with quartz, calcite, kaolinite, illite, smectite, magnetite and hematite. The range of organic matter content were more widely distributed in cropland samples. The spectral analysis showed that the reflectance spectra and the absorption features of cropland and rice field samples were alike. The absorption features that appeared near 490nm and 900nm were attributed to the ferric iron, and clay minerals such as kaolinite and smectite caused the absorption features at 1410nm, 1910nm and 2200nm. The reflectance of the soil spectral decreased with an increase in organic content. The absorption depths of both types of soil samples decreased with higher organic matter content at 490nm and 1916nm as well as higher heavy metal concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2020

The main cystal phases of traditional ceramics made of clay, quartz, and feldspar are mullite and cristobalite. Although mullite can provide strength to the ceramic body, it cannot be used for the heat resistant ceramics because the thermal expansion coefficient of it is relatively high as 5.3 × 10^-6/℃. In this study, development of lightweight heat resistant ceramics was tried by producing cordierite phase, of which the thermal expansion coefficient is 2.6 × 10^-6/℃, instead of forming mullite phase in the ceramic body by using Sanchung Kaolin and Jangsu gobdol sludge. It was concluded that ceramics having good heat resistant, bending strength, and refractoriness under load could be fabricated when 80 wt% of Sanchung Kaolin and 20 wt% of Jangsu gobdol sludge were used as raw materials. Also, the bulk specific gravity is 1.78, which is lighter than the existing Buncheong ware.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.863-871
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 고령토, 유황, 탄산나트륨, 규석 및 송진을 원료로 하여 군청을 합성하였고, 그 반응 메카니즘을 조사하였다. 원료의 혼합시료는 군청의 중간 생성물인 녹색군청을 합성하기 위하여, 82$0^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 동안 소성하였다(승온율 2$^{\circ}C$/min). 합성된 녹색군청은 최종적으로 군청을 얻기 위해 50$0^{\circ}C$에서 산화처리하였다. 합성 과정에서 발생하는 반응 생성물 및 이들의 구조적 변화는 x선 회절 분석과 Raman Spectrum 분석에 의하여 평가하였다. 소성과정에서 황화나트륨은 50$0^{\circ}C$에서 생성되었고, NaAISiO$_{4}$는 62$0^{\circ}C$에서 형성되었다. 그리고, 녹색군청은 황화나트륨과 NaAISiO$_{4}$의 반응에 의하여 74$0^{\circ}C$부근에서 형성하기 시작하였다. 또한, 청색군청의 형성은 녹색군청 중에 잔존하던 황화타트륨의 산화로 방출되는 유황 원자에 기인하였다.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2011

Hydrated halloysite was formed by the low temperature alteration of trachytic tuff in onion-like spherical or curly platy forms. The Si content was higher than that of ideal kaolin minerals, indicating the possible presence of amorphous materials. The high Fe content is responsible for the platy morphology of halloysite. The leached ions precipitated as halloysite filling the interparticle pores, while trachytic glass was replaced by Si-rich amorphous materials in an hemispherical form, which was further evolved into spherical halloysite. Halloysite is one of the major alteration products of the volcanic ash in Ulleung Island underwent intense trachytic volcanism.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.339-345
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• 2014

This study analyzes and compares Hanji made with loess to Hanji made with kaolin, two yellow-based inorganic pigments, in terms of its physical properties, optical properties, and color fastness to light with the aim of using it as a fashion material. Hanji made by adding inorganic pigments showed an approximately 20% retention ratio on average. This figure was similar to those of loess and kaolin. Physical properties were analyzed, with the following results. A higher amount of additives lowered the apparent density and increased thickness and bulk. In general, inorganic pigment-added Hanji had lower tensile strength, bursting strength, and folding endurance compared to non-additive Hanji. The analysis of optical properties showed a lower brightness index for Hanji made with inorganic pigments compared to non-additive Hanji. When comparing the two inorganic pigments, the brightness of Hanji made with kaolin was higher. Regarding color fastness to light, loess showed level 4 and kaolin showed level 5 when 25% inorganic pigments on pulp were added to Hanji. Thus, Hanji made by adding inorganic pigments during the manufacturing process may perform well as materials for fashion because the additives enhanced both the color fastness to light and the bulk while maintaining the strength. In addition, Hanji dyed with inorganic pigments may have the potential to serve as materials for the fashion industry while still retaining the characteristics of Hanji.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 1977

Faujasite type zeolite synthesized from kaolin minerals was cation-exchanged and the catalytic activities of $1-Butene{\rightarrow}2-butene$ took place readily even on zeolites having no strong acid sites. The order of activity for isobutene formation was La > H > Zn > Na-faujasite, La-faujasite showing much higher activity. The same trend was observed for propylene formation except that both La-and H-faujasite showed comparable activity. The results seem to indicate that the activities for 1-buten cracking and isomerization on zeolite are directly related to the strength and concentration of the acid sites on zeolites.