• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.518-537
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• 2019

This study examined the implications of a place-based earth science program integrated with Mathematics. 11 pre-service earth science teachers and 22 middle school students participated in the service education activities of earth science for 30 hours focusing on the measurement of the earth's size through earth science experiments as part of the middle school curriculum. In order to minimize errors that may occur during the earth's size measurement experiments using Eratosthenes's shadows length method of the ancient Greek era, the actual data were collected after triangulation ratios were conducted in the locations of two middle schools: one in remote metropolitan and the other in rural area. The two schools' students shared the final estimate result. Through this process, they learned the mathematical method to express the actual data effectively. Participants, experienced the importance and difficulty of the repetitive and accurate data acquisition process, and also discussed the causes of errors included in the final results. It implies that a Place-Based Earth Science Program activity can contribute to students' increased-understanding of the characteristics of earth science inquiry and to developing their problem solving skills, thinking ability, and communication skills as well, which are commonly emphasized in science and mathematics in the 2015 reunion curriculum. It is expected that a place-based science program can provide a foundation for developing an integrated curriculum of mathematics and science.

• Bangmulgwan gwa yeongu (The National Museum of Korea Journal)
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• v.1
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• pp.18-35
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• 2024

The Tomb of Jang Mui was discovered and investigated during the Japanese colonial era. It has provided key archaeological material for identifying the Daebang Commandery mentioned in historical records as Sariwon in Hwanghae-do Province when some bricks used in the construction of the tomb were found to be stamped with the official title "Prefect of Daebang Commandery." The discovery of the Tomb of Jang Mui served to confirm that the brick chamber tombs found along the Daedonggang River in 1909 were related to the Nangnang Commandery. It can be viewed as a major archaeological breakthrough that settled a debate over the locations of the Daesu River and Daebang Commandery that had been ongoing since the early Joseon Dynasty. Despite its significance for archeology and ancient Korean history, the circumstances of the discovery and investigations of the Tomb of Jang Mui have not been thoroughly examined. Inscribed bricks and roof tiles unearthed during the excavation conducted by Sekino Tadashi in 1912 are currently housed at The University Museum of The University of Tokyo. A number of other bricks excavated from the Tomb of Jang Mui are in the collection of the National Museum of Korea. Main agents of the investigations into these materials have not all been identified. Only some records on the materials collected during the investigations by Nomori Gen and others specify the main investigators. Inscribed bricks from other related tombs are also found in the Tokyo National Museum and at several universities in Japan. It is hoped that a comprehensive report incorporating all these materials can be written. Based on a reinterpretation of its structure conducted by Jung In-seung in 2010, the Tomb of Jang Mui has been dated to 348. This means it was not built during the Daebang Commandery period. The most compelling archaeological evidence regarding the location of the Daebang Commandery and its local capital has been undermined. It is hoped that active discussions will be held on the issue of the Daebang Commandery and its local capital.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.281-291
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• 1991

Kasugadaisha was built in the 9th century at Nara, Japan and it was the powerful Fujiwara's Shrine at that time. And also Wakamiyasai which has transmitted from generation to generation about for 1200 years at Kasugadaisha is typical sacrificial service of Nara Ages and it was built up with the historical background from Korean peninsula, especially Bekje. So it could be presumed to be important data to survey the sacrificial service in order to study on the ancient dietary culture of Korean and Japanese. 1) They used a live flower or paper flower in every sacrificial services. But in Korea, it has been used not only in the sacrificial services but also in happy events. And also it has been changed to use silk or developed rice cake instead of paper. 2) Steamed rice cake in Siru has been taken after boiled rice and unpolished rice. 3) Fried rice cake like doughnut was beginning of fried cake like Yak-kwa. 4) Four colors of red, yellow, green and white are symbolic at the high offering. There are a lot of cake, candy and some kind of biskuit four colors used in every events even now in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.73-94
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• 2022

Florence is the cradle of the Italian Renaissance. It is the result of a combination of medieval humanists' exploration of ancient Greek and Roman knowledge and culture, the leadership of great monarchs and priests, patronage of the Medici family, etc., free-thinking and creativity of artists, and critical consciousness and cultural needs of citizens. However, the Florentine Renaissance could not have blossomed unless the Medici family had collected ancient manuscripts and translations, and built libraries to preserve and provide literature. Based on this logical basis, this study outlined the Florentine renaissance and historic libraries, analyzed the collection and composition of favorite books of the Medici family, and traced the architectural characteristics and metaphors of the Medici libraries, The San Marco Library (Michelozzo Library), Library of Badia Fiesolana, and the San Lorenzo Library (Laurentian Library) were the priming and birthplace of the Florentine Renaissance despite of many difficulties, including earthquake, fire, restoration, transfer, seizure, and closure. In particular, the San Marco Library, which was opened in 1444 based on the financial support of Cosimo de' Medici, Michelozzo's design, and Niccoli's private collections was the first common library in the Renaissance period. And the architectural highlight of the Laurentian Library, which opened in 1571 under the leadership of Giulio (Papa Clemente VII), is Michelangelo's staircase, which symbolizes 'from ignorance to wisdom', and the real value of the content is the ancient manuscripts and early printed books, which were collected by the humanist Niccoli and the Medici family. In short, when discussing the Florentine Renaissance, Medici's collection and historic libraries are very important points. The reason is that the ancient collections were not stuffed products, but syntactic semiotics, and the libraries are telescopes that view the history of human knowledge and culture and microscopes that create knowledge and wisdom. If records dominate memories, libraries accumulate records. Therefore, long breathing and time capsule strategies are also required for the development and preservation of retroactive books in domestic libraries with a relatively long history.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.463-473
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• 2020

This study was conducted to provide basic data to find measures to alleviate the job stress of 119 Emergency Medical Technicians by identifying the mediating effect of resilience for life care in the relationship between stress coping and job stress of 119 Emergency Medical Technicians. The data for this study were collected from October 5, 2019, to October 31, 2019. The subject was 205 119 Emergency Medical Technicians working in 119 safety centers located in G Metropolitan City. The collected data were analyzed by independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, hierarchical multiple regression analysis, and Sobel test using the SPSS Statistics 21.0 program. As a result oh the study, The mediation effect of resilience was not statistically significant in the relationship between stress coping of seeking social support type and job stress; the mediation effect of resilience was not statistically significant in the relationship between stress coping of seeking positive thinking type and job stress. but, resilience was revealed that resilience completely mediates the relationship between problem-solving type and job stress, and partially mediates the relationship between avoidance type and job stress. The measures to reduce the job stress of 119 Emergency Medical Technicians derived from the above results are as follows. First, among the 119 Emergency Medical Technicians, problem-solving stress coping type 119 Emergency Medical Technicians need to reduce job stress through resilience improvement program. Second, avoidance stress coping type 119 Emergency Medical Technicians should take part in education programs that can reduce job stress in parallel with resilience improvement program.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.196-219
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• 2019

According to the Samguk Yusa, the nine-story wooden pagoda at Hwangnyongsa Temple was built by a Baekje artisan named Abiji in 645. Until the temple was burnt down completely during the Mongol invasion of Korea in 1238, it was the greatest symbol of the spiritual culture of the Korean people at that time and played an important role in the development of Buddhist thought in the country for about 700 years. At present, the only remaining features of Hwangnyongsa Temple, which is now in ruins, are the pagoda's stylobate and several foundation stones. In the past, many researchers made diverse inferences concerning the restoration of the original structure and the overall architecture of the wooden pagoda at Hwangnyongsa Temple, based on written records and excavation data. However, this information, together with the remaining external structure of the pagoda site and the assumption that it was a simple wooden structure, actually suggest that it was a rectangular-shaped nine-story pagoda. It is assumed that such ideas were suggested at a time when there was a lack of relevant data and limited knowledge on the subject, as well as insufficient information about the technical lineage of the wooden pagoda at Hwangnyongsa Temple; therefore, these ideas should be revised in respect of the discovery of new data and an improved level of awareness about the structural features of large ancient Buddhist pagodas. This study focused on the necessity of raising awareness of the lineage and structure of the wooden pagoda at Hwangnyongsa Temple and gaining a broader understanding of the structural system of ancient Buddhist pagodas in East Asia. The study is based on a reanalysis of data about the site of the wooden pagoda obtained through research on the restoration of Hwangnyongsa Temple, which has been ongoing since 2005. It is estimated that the wooden pagoda underwent at least two large-scale repairs between the Unified Silla and Goryeo periods, during which the size of the stylobate and the floor plan were changed and, accordingly, the upper structure was modified to a significant degree. Judging by the features discovered during excavation and investigation, traces relating to the nine-story wooden pagoda built during the Three Kingdoms Period include the earth on which the stylobate was built and the central pillar's supporting stone, which had been reinstalled using the rammed earth technique, as well as other foundation stones and stylobate stone materials that most probably date back to the ninth century or earlier. It seems that the foundation stones and stylobate stone materials were new when the reliquaries were enshrined again in the pagoda after the Unified Silla period, so the first story and upper structure would have been of a markedly different size to those of the original wooden pagoda. In addition, during the Goryeo period, these foundation stones were rearranged, and the cover stone was newly installed; therefore, the pagoda would seem to have undergone significant changes in size and structure compared to previous periods. Consequently, the actual structure of the original wooden pagoda at Hwangnyongsa Temple should be understood in terms of the changes in large Buddhist pagodas built in East Asia at that time, and the technical lineage should start with the large Buddhist pagodas of the Baekje dynasty, which were influenced by the Northern dynasty of China. Furthermore, based on the archeological data obtained from the analysis of the images of the nine-story rock-carved pagoda depicted on the Rock-carved Buddhas in Tapgok Valley at Namsan Mountain in Gyeongju, and the gilt-bronze rail fragments excavated from the lecture hall at the site of Hwangnyongsa Temple, the wooden pagoda would appear to have originally been an octagonal nine-story pagoda with a dual structure, rather than a simple rectangular wooden structure.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.473-498
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine thinking process of the mathematically gifted students and how invariants affect the construction and discovery of curve when carry out activities that produce and reproduce the algebraic curves, mathematician explored from the ancient Greek era enduring the trouble of making handcrafted complex apparatus, not using apparatus but dynamic geometry software. Specially by trying research that collect empirical data on the role and meaning of invariants in a dynamic geometry environment and research that subdivide the process of utilizing invariants that appears during the mathematically gifted students creating a new curve, this study presents the educational application method of invariants and check the possibility of enlarging the scope of its appliance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.213-223
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• 2007

In this paper, we carry out a cyber group consultation by means of the video-based education system, and verify the effects. For the verification of this study, two assumptions were set up. These assumptions were inspected by selecting 45 students of D elementary school located in a big city, and coming up with a test utilizing one of video-based education systems. Following up, a self-respect test form and a questionnaire were made to verify of the group consultation to the video-based education system, and by analyzing the test form and the questionnaire, the conclusion of this study was finally drawn. The conclusion gained through the process adove is as follows: It turned out that real-time video-based cyber group consultation promoted self-respect and enthusiastic participation of consulters as well as formed emotinal stability and a close affinity between the consultant and the consulter through active interaction. The results of this video-based education system operation will be helpful to broaden the area of elementary school cyber group consultation. Further, it is thought that it will contribute to the basic investigation to verify the educational effects of Multi-point imaging system in the run-up to the operation of full-scale real-time video-based education systems.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5564-5577
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• 2014

This study examined how the differences in household characteristics influence consumer expenditure patterns. The Price-Scaling AIDS model with household income and expenditure survey data were used for the analysis. The results showed that the income elasticity of the service items is greater than non-service items, indicating an increase in higher demand of service items with the same increase in household income. The household expenditure patterns vary according to the commodities, holding age and income level. The so-called traditional pattern, which emphasizes spending for non-service items, changed to the one with a higher expenditure ratio for service items. Such a change in household expenditure patterns naturally derives the expansion of the relevant service market; hence, the growth of the related service industry. This highlights the need to formulate an appropriate response from the supply side that deals with the changes in the service market.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 2015

The preservation has been conducted for wooden ship timber excavated from Bonghwang-Dong, Gimhae, Korea. The species were analyzed for conservation as pre-treatment. Outer panel was analyzed as Cinnamomum spp. and trapezoid wooden material, wooden wedge was Cryptomeria japonica D. Don.. Wooden ship timber have been treated by vacuum-freeze drying after impregnation with aqueous PEG#3,350 solution(almost 45%). The timber of Bonghwang-Dong ship is considered as Japanese ship that many data such as conformation of ship, location of site, japanese artifact of around site were confirmed. In addition, The ship timber give us the important information about the international trade with Japan.