• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.115-119
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• 2001

The effect of seasonal variation on social statistic data is important. But in health subcenter in rural areas the effect has not been well known. To determine the seasonal index of medical needs in rural communities, the monthly number of patients were analyzed from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 2000. Seasonal index were calculated using 12 months moving averages and median value of each data. The number of patients excluding common cold were analyzed by same method. The seasonal index from Jan. to Dec. were 0.96, 1.08, 1.23, 0.83, 0.82, 0.75, 1.01, 0.99, 1.02, 1.05, 1.13, 1.13. The seasonal index of patients excluding those with common cold were 0.94, 0.90, 1.42, 0.94, 0.91, 0.77, 1.13, 0.92, 0.84, 1.07, 1.10, 1.16. In a rural area, medical needs are decreased on spring and early summer and increase in winter, and that are the influence of rural area.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.463-468
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• 2002

Influence of increased temperature on the standard metabolism in three species of marine bivalves, Crassostrea gigas, Ruditapes philippinarum and Mytilus edulis, acclimated to seasonal water temperatures and collected from the south coast of Korea, were examined in the laboratory. The standard oxygen consumption and filtration rates in the 3 species were measured respectively at the experimental temperature, 4, 7 and 10$^{\circ}C$ or 3, 6 and 9$^{\circ}C$ higher than the mean seasonal water temperature. When the experimental temperatures were higher than the seasonal water temperature, the rates of C. gigas decreased in autumn and spring, and increased In winter, while there was thermal stress in summer. The rates of R. philippinarum increased in spring when the experimental temperatures were 3$^{\circ}C$ and 6$^{\circ}C$ higher than the seasonal water temperature, but the rates increased in autumn and winter when the experimental temperature was even 9$^{\circ}C$ higher than the seasonal water temperature. In summer. metabolic activities of R. philippinarum decreased significantly at temperature higher than acclimation temperature. The rates of M. edulis increased in spring when the experimental temperatures were 3$^{\circ}C$ higher than the seasonal water temperature but the rates were stressed by the increased temperature above 3$^{\circ}C$. In winter, increased temperature did not affect the metabolic activities of M. edulis. These results suggested that the standard metabolism of the three marine bivalves in summer was stressed by the increased temperature, whereas the metabolism was activated in winter.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.329-338
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to identify the temporal and spatial variation of stable isotopic compositions of surface waters and shallow ground waters at a local watershed(100$Km^2$) near the Muju area. For oxygen and hydrogen isotope analysis, water samples were collected from 19-22 sites during August, October 2001, through April 2002. Seasonal variation in the isotopic compositions of surface waters was clearly shown. However, the degree of such isotopic variation was highly attenuated in shallow ground waters because of mixing with preexisting ground waters. Isotope values of surface waters and ground waters were very similar in each season, indicating that precipitation/ground water/surface water interactions were very active and continuous in the watershed. Stable isotopic ratios of surface waters in the study area were lighter than those of the downstream reach of Geum River on south, indicating “latitude effect”. Both “altitude effect” and “amount effect” were also shown in the stable isotopic ratios of surface waters in the study area as well as seasonal variation of stable isotopes.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

In this study, we developed strategies for pre-processing GNSS data for the purpose of separating geodetic factors from crustal deformation due to the earthquakes. Before interpreting GNSS data analysis results, we removed false signals from GNSS coordinate time series. Because permanent GNSS stations are located on a large tectonic plate, GNSS position estimates should be affected by the tectonic velocity of the plate. Also, stations with surrounding trees have seasonal signals in their three-dimensional coordinate estimates. Thus, we have estimated the location of an Euler pole and angular velocities to deduce the plate tectonic velocity and verified with geological models. Also, annual amplitudes and initial phases were estimated to get rid of those false annual signals showing up in the time series. By considering the two effects, truly geodetic analysis was possible and the result was used as preliminary data for analyzing post-seismic deformation of the Korean peninsula due to the Tohoku-oki earthquake.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1191-1196
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• 2009

온실가스 증가에 따른 미래 기후변화가 수자원에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 전구기후모델(AOGCM)의 기온과 강수 자료를 이용하여 한반도 지역에 대한 통계적 규모 상세화(statistical downsacaling, SDS) 기법을 개발하였다. 개발된 기법은 Cyclostationary Empirical Orthogonal Function (CSEOF) 분석과 회귀분석을 결합한 것으로 관측과 AOGCM 시계열의 통계적 상관성을 이용하고 있다. 20세기말(1973-2000) 동안의 광역규모의 기온(ECMWF)과 강수량(CMAP) 및 AOGCM의 기온과 강수량 자료에 통계적 상세화 기법을 적용하고 비교함으로써 이 기법의 유효성을 검증하였는데, 상세화된 기온과 강수량 자료는 관측된 계절변동성과 월변동성을 잘 모사하였다. 특히, 여름철 관측에 비해 저평가된 AOGCM의 강수량 크기와 변동성이 상세화를 통해 관측치에 근접하게 되었다. AOGCM의 미래 강수량 변화는 21세기 후반에 계절적으로 봄과 여름에 증가할 것을 예상되었다. 상세화된 AOGCM의 강수는 겨울을 제외한 모든 계절에서, 특히 여름철에 가장 많이 증가할 것으로 전망되었다. AOGCM의 미래 기온변화는 21세기 후반으로 갈수록 상승하며, 계절적으로 겨울철의 기온 상승폭이 더 클 것으로 전망되는데, AOGCM을 상세화한 결과에서는 겨울과 더불어 여름에도 기온 상승폭이 클 것으로 전망되었다. 개발된 기법은 역학적 결과와 관측과의 통계적 상관성을 이용하기 때문에 광역규모의 기후적 특성뿐만 아니라 한반도 지형 등 지역적 특성도 모두 반영함과 더불어 광역규모의 자료를 빠른 시간내에 효과적으로 상세화시킬 수 있는 장점도 지닌다. 한편 상세화에 사용된 CSEOF의 모드수 등에 따른 불확실성 등은 통계적 상세화 과정에 개선될 여지가 남아있음을 보여준다.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.275-284
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• 2010

In this study, we introduce filters that used for the prior adjustment of the holiday effect in seasonal adjustment. And we propose new filters having more various and flexible patterns than conventional ones. Under the practical assumption that patterns of effects before and after the holiday are different, we compare adjustment effect of the proposed filters and the existing ones. In comparison study, we estimate the effect from all possible combinations of shapes of filter by RegARIMA. And then, to adjust holiday effect, we apply the estimated results to time series data of industrial production and shipment index data in South Korea.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2012.05b
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• pp.575-578
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• 2012

단일창호를 적용한 KNU 식물공장 모델의 냉난방 에너지 부하를 DesignBuilder를 이용하여 해석하였다. 상추의 적정생육온도인 $20^{\circ}C$를 기준으로 이중창호를 적용한 경우와 에너지 소모량을 비교 분석하였다. 단일창호가 이중창호에 비해 연간 냉방부하는 약 128 MWh 감소하고 난방부하는 약 26 MWh 증가하여 단일창호가 냉방부하저감에 유리하다고 판단된다. KNU 식물공장의 중앙에 위치한 공간의 상부를 지붕구조물로 닫거나 계절별로 개폐하면서 냉난방부하에 미치는 영향을 계산하였다. 지붕구조물을 설치하게 되면 단위유닛이 취득하는 태양열이 감소하여 냉방부하가 감소하게 된다. 또한 지붕구조물을 상시 닫아두는 것이 계절별로 여닫는 것보다 냉방부하 저감에 유리하다. 식물공장 측면벽에 overhang과 sidefin을 설치하면 차양효과로 냉방부하가 감소하지만 감소비율은 크지 않았다. 에너지 부하의 대부분을 차지하는 냉방부하를 낮추기 위해 구조물이나 차양을 설치할 수 있으나 절감효과에 비해 설치비가 증가할 수 있기 때문에 추가 경제성 연구가 필요하다.

• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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• s.95
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• pp.14-14
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• 1991

경험에 의존하던 구태의연한 전략으로는 급변하고 있는 선거환경에 효과적으로 대처할 수 없다는 것이 선거관련도서의 앞다툰 출간의 배경으로 보인다. 보다 과착적이고 총체적인 전략이 필수적이라고 이들 책은 강조한다.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.139-148
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• 2019

This study proposed a multiple intervention time series model to predict KTX passenger demand. In order to revise the research of Kim and Kim (Korean Society for Railway, 14, 470-476, 2011) considering only the intervention of the second phase of Gyeong-bu before November of 2011, we adopted multiple intervention seasonal ARIMA models to model the time series data with additional interventions which occurred after November of 2011. Through the data analysis, it was confirmed that the effects of various interventions such as Gyeong-bu and Ho-nam 2 phase, outbreak of MERS and national holidays, which affected the KTX transportation demand, are successfully explained and the prediction accuracy could be quite improved significantly.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1990

Data are presented concerning the effect of different seasons and sexes during the growing period on broier performance. Total 38, 451 broiler chickens were raised in spring, summer and winter and they were marketed at 6 or 7 weeks of age. Birds were alloted to l18 groups (240-360 birds per pen) and weighted at termination in order to determine variation in several economic traits between the sex groups. The results obtained were summarized as follows ： 1. Livability, body weights and feed requirements were improved you but there was no significant improvement in feed intake. 2. There was no difference in livability by seasons, but average final weights were ; 2, 320, 2, 238 and 2, 138 grams for spring, winter and summer, respectively, and feed requirements were ： 2.02, 2.01 and 2.04 for spring, winter, and summer, respectively.