• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.12 s.148
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• pp.1546-1553
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• 2005

The wetting behavior and liquid transport of nonionic surfactant solutions; Span 20 and Tween 20, 40, 60, 80, 21, 61, 81, 65 & 85: in polyethylene terephthalate(PET) fabrics are reported. Five different PET fabrics are used in this study. PET 1, 2 & 3 have different compactness in structure. PET 4 & 5 have similar physical properties to PET 2, however, PET 4 has heat set finish and PET 5 with rewetting agent. The wetting and water retention properties of PET fabrics are greatly improved by addition of nonionic surfactants. The aqueous liquid retention(W) vs. cosq and W vs. adhesion tension has positive linear relationship. Hydrophilic surfactants which have short hydrophobes and surfactants with unsaturated hydrophobe structures are more efffctive in improving the wetting properties of PET fabrics. PET fabric which has larger thread spacing shows greater value of water retention ratio(W/H) than PET fabric with smaller thread spacing if there are no surfactants present in the system, however, W/H values become very similar among these PET fabrics when the surfactants are added. If there are no surfactants present in the system, PET with heat set finish has smaller value and PET with rewetting agent has greater value of W/H than PET without finish even though the fabrics have the similar physical properties.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.195-199
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• 2003

In polyethylene film house treated with surfactants(SF316+FB0800), waterdrops attached on film surface were absorbed to filter paper of 9 cm in diameter and measured 1.21 mL in control, 0.15 mL in 1% and 0.07 mL in 2% on December 10 at 10:00, 2002. However, there was no clear difference between surfactant concentrations 1% and 2%, And the most waterdrop was measured at 10:00 in daytime. As the air temperature was higher in greenhouse, waterdrop was sweled. So, the least waterdrop was measured at 14:00. In greenhouse covered with surfactants concentrated 1% and 2%, transmittances of solar radiation were 9.3% and 12.9% higher than control, respectively. In air temperature and relative humidity, there were no significant difference in all greenhouse. in forenoon, the air temperature and relative surfactant treated film greenhouse tended 1~2$^{\circ}C$ warmer than that of control. However, sil temperatures of surfactant treated film greenhouse tended 3~4$^{\circ}C$ warmer than that of control. During winter, the lettuce growth in surfactant treated film greenhouse was faster than that of control. However, there was no difference between surfactant concentrations of 1% and 2%.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.241-242
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• 2000

본 연구는 폐수처리공정에서 경량기포콘크리트를 이용하여 폐수 중에 존재하는 음이온계면 활성제와 총인 그리고 총질소성분을 제거하기 위하여 실시되었다. 경량기포콘크리트는 폐수 처리공정에서 반응기에 충진하여 사용하였으며, 이때 사용된 폐수는 인공폐수(음이온계면활성제 : 10-31 mg/L, 총인 : 66-73 mg/L 그리고 총질소 : 56-163 mg/L)를 사용하였다. 실험결과 경량기포콘크리트를 사용하여 폐수를 처리한 결과 음이온계면활성제의 85-95 %, 총인성분의 92 %, 그리고 총질소 성분의 90 % 정도가 제거되었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.455-463
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• 2012

In this study, the measurement of physical properties of ethylene oxide-propylene oxide adducted zwitterionic surfactants were measured such as critical micelle concentration, surface tension, interfacial tension, contact angle, viscosity and foam stability. Also, the dual function characteristics of a zwitterionic surfactant were investigated by determining an isoelectric point, which were obtained using zeta potential measurement and QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) experiments. The isoelectric point of DEP-OSA82-AO zwitterionic surfactant determined by zeta potential measurement was close to that obtained by QCM experiment and both results have shown almost the same trend as that determined by the frictional property measured using an automated mildness tester. In particular, it has been observed that DEP32-OSA82-AO and DEP34-OSA82-AO surfactants provide better softening effect at a pH of acidic or neutral condition than at an alkaline condition. This result indicates that both surfactants act as a cationic surfactant at a pH of acidic or neutral condition and thus provide good softening effect during a rinsing cycle in the detergency process.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2006

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread soil contaminants and major environmental concerns. PAHs have extremely low water solubility and are strongly sorbed to soil. A potential technology for remediation of PAHcontaminated soils is a soil washing with surfactant solutions. While the use of surfactants significantly enhances the performance of soil remediation, operation costs are increased. Selective adsorption of PAHs by activated carbons is proposed to reuse the surfactants in the soil-washing process. The adsorption isotherms of pure chemicals (Triton X-100 and phenanthrene) onto three granular activated carbons were obtained. The selective adsorption of phenanthrene in mixed solution was examined at various concentrations of phenanthrene and Triton X-100. The selectivity results were discussed with pore size distribution of activated carbons and molecular sizes of phenanthrene and the Triton X-100 monomer. The selectivity for phenanthrene was much larger than 1 regardless of the particle size of activated carbons. The selective adsorption using activated carbons with proper pore size distribution would greatly reduce the material cost for the soil washing process by the reuse of the surfactants.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.809-813
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• 1999

D phase emulsification has been developed and elucidated the emulsification mechanism by using phase diagrams. The process of D phase emulsification begins with the formation of isotropic surfactant solution, follows by formation of oil-in-surfactant (O/D) gel emulsion by dispersion of octamethylcyclotetra siloxane(OMCS) in the surfactant solution. Polyols were essential components for this experiments. To understand the function of polyols, the solution behaviors of nonionic surfactant/oil/water/polyol systems were investigated by the ternany phase diagrams of polyoxyethylene oleyl ether/OMCS/propylene glycol(PG) aqueous solutions. The solubility of oil in the isotropic surfactant phase was increased with the addition of PG. D phase emulsion was formed in the range of 70~90% of OMCS and 2.0~3.0 dyne/cm of interfacial tension and the structure was homogenious spherical and O/W type and its diameter was about $10{\mu}m$.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.26-32
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• 2005

Surfactants can be used to enhance the mass transfer rate of hydrophobic compounds into the biologically active liquid phase, resulting in an increase in biodegradation rate of toluene. In this study, the mass transfer rate and the biocompatibility of toluene in the presence of various surfactants were evaluated. Four anionic and non ionic surfactants were tested: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SOS), TritonX-100, Tween 80, and BYK-345 (silicone surfactant). Experimental results showed that BYK-345 at the critical micelle concentration (CMC) enhanced the solubility of toluene. However, there was no increase in the solubility of toluene by SOS and TritonX-100 at their CMCs. With the addition of each surfactant into deionized water the mass transfer rate became faster than that of the case with no surfactant. A bottle study using toluene-degrading microorganisms showed that SOS seriously reduced toluene removal presumably due to the toxicity of the anionic surfactant and/or the substrate competition between the surfactant and toluene. In addition, the degradation rate of toluene was decreased in the presence of BYK-345, indicating that BYK-345 adversely affects the activity of microorganisms. However, TritonX-100 and Tween 80 did not decrease the degradation rate of toluene significantly. Rather, at the low concentration of TritonX-100 toluene degradation rate was even increased. Overall the experimental results suggest that TritonX-100 be the appropriate surfactant for enhanced biological degradation of toluene.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 1996

Removal of metal ions on the ultrafiltration membrane with micellar-enhanced with anion surfactants is a recently developed technique which can remove heavy metals and small molecular weight ions from wastewater with simple separation process and without a phase change. Above a certain concentration, so called the critical micelle con binding cationic cobalt ions and anionic surfactants, were removed by ultrafiltration membrane. The transmembrane pressure difference had a relatively small effect on the rejection coefficient of metal ions on the ultrafiltration membrane whereas the level of anionic surfactant-to-metal ratio (S/M) had a substantial effect.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2010

Effects of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB), which is a kind of cationic surfactants, and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), which is a kind of anionic surfactants on the anodic formation of nanoporous niobium oxide were compared. The addition of SDS could protect the surface from dissolution for long time, leading to the formation of niobium oxide with a double thickness (~400 nm) compared to that prepared without surfactant, whereas dissolution seriously occurred in the solution containing CTAB. The different behaviors were attributed to the interaction between the surfactants with positive (or negative) charge and positively charged niobium oxide.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.221-226
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• 2014

IIn this study, O/W type nano-emulsions were prepared by phospholipid-nonionic surfactant mixtures and octyldodecylmyristate using the phase transition low-energy emulsification method. The nano-emulsions were formed only in the very narrow area of the concentration of mixed surfactant and oil molar ratio of around 1 : 1. The particle size of the emulsions was decreased as adding the aqueous phase into the emulsions after phase inversion point unlike the emulsions formed only with nonionic surfactant. Nano-emulsion was stable at room temperature for more than a month. Thus, the nano-emulsions containing phospholipids can be widely used as a cosmetic formulations.