• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2004

Three unrecorded fern species from the flora of Korea belonging to family Dryopteridaceae, Ctenitis maximowicziana, Dryopteris lunanensis, and D. dcipiens var. diplazioides, are found along the valley of Mt. Wolgak (alt. 275m) in Gwangju, Korea. C. maximawicziana is well distinguished from the rest of the species in the genus including C. sinii by the color and morphology of scales in basal part of petioles, shape of blades, and the presence of round-reniform shaped indusia. Dryopteris lunanensis is also well distinguished from its close relative, D. atrata, by the number of lateral pinnae, degree of division of first and/or second pinnules in lower pinnae of the blades, and distribution pattern of sori. Dryapteris decipiens var. diplazioides is distinguishable from type variety by degree of division in lower pinnae of the blades. In terms of morphology, var. diplazioides seems to be intermediate between a type variety and D. fuscipes.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.2 s.58
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• pp.157-162
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• 2005

To clarify the key characteristics of Korean brown frogs (R. dybowskii, R. huanrenesis and R. amurensis coreana), this study employed a morphological and morphometrical comparisons among brown frogs found in Korea and Japanese endemic species, R. tsushimensis. As a result, it was considered that the key characteristics were the shape of the finger and toe tips, the markings of the lower jaw, the presence or absence of an upper lip line, the development of toe webbing, and the shape of the vomerine teeth series by morphological comparisons of brown frogs. Also, there were significant differences in tympanum diameters and foot lengths of the four species of brown frogs. Therefore, a comparison between morphological and morphometric characters is an effective way to clarify the identification of brown frogs.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2016

This study evaluates landslide susceptibility using statistical analysis by SVM (support vector machine) and the illite index of clay minerals extracted from ASTER(advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer) imagery which can be use to create mineralogical mapping. Landslide locations in the study area were identified from aerial photographs and field surveys. A GIS spatial database was compiled containing topographic maps (slope, aspect, curvature, distance to stream, and distance to road), maps of soil properties (thickness, material, topography, and drainage), maps of timber properties (diameter, age, and density), and an ASTER satellite imagery (illite index). The landslide susceptibility map was constructed through factor correlation using SVM to analyze the spatial database. Comparison of area under the curve values showed that using the illite index model provided landslide susceptibility maps that were 76.46% accurate, which compared favorably with 74.09% accuracy achieved without them.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.485-490
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• 2009

강원도의 약 89%가 산지로 되어 있기 때문에 강원지역 주민의 거주지는 대부분 홍수 피해를 강하게 받는 계곡이나 하천변에 잡고 있으며 매년 반복되는 홍수의 피해 위험이 높다. 따라서 홍수 시 생활공간을 보호하기 위한 제방의 안전성을 확보하는 것은 강원도의 하천관리에서 가장 중요한 점이다. 호안공법은 일반적으로 하천의 생태계나 경관적인 측면에서 부정적인 경우가 많은 인공시설물이기 때문에 최근에는 자연과 어울리는 친자연형 호안공법을 추구한다. 본 연구는 강원도 내 1개 국가하천 6개 지점, 214개 지방하천 2,760개 지점에 대한 하천 호안공법의 종류, 식생상태, 하천특성, 호안파괴 특성 등을 조사하고 하천호안공법 적용 하천특성과 호안공법, 식생 등의 관계를 분석하여 강원도형 호안공법 개발의 기초자료를 제공하는 데 목적이 있다. 강원도에 설치된 호안공법은 망태형, 붙임형, 블록형, 쌓기형, 옹벽형으로 구분할 수 있으며, 영동지역은 망태형 25%, 옹벽형 20.1.%, 블록형 18.3%를 차지하고 있으나 영서지역 하천은 쌓기형 32.9%, 망태형 19.2%, 옹벽형 16.6%를 나타내고 있다. 두 지역에서 옹벽이 16%이상을 차지하는 것은 하천경사가 급하고 만곡 수충부가 많아 홍수 시 구조적인 안정성이 큰 옹벽을 통한 호안보호에 따른 것으로 판단된다. 옹벽을 제외하면 하천평면이 호안공법 선택에 큰 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 보이며 오히려 하천경사나 하천재료 특성이 반영된 것으로 판단된다. 호안파괴의 원인은 홍수 시 하상의 세굴이다. 그러나 옹벽호안은 국부적인 하상세굴에도 콘크리트 구조특성으로 쉽게 파괴되지는 않는 것으로 판단된다. 보 하류지점에 설치된 돌망태 호안은 하상저하와 보에 의한 유향변동으로 발생된 강한 수충현상에 의해 파괴되는 것으로 조사되었다. 호안의 식생 활착은 블록형, 망태형, 쌓기형 호안의 순으로 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 망태형이나 쌓기형 호안은 영동지역보다는 영서지역에서 높은 식생 피복도를 나타냈으며, 이는 하천의 경사와 호안의 침수빈도와 관계가 큰 것으로 판단된다. 식생블록형 호안은 지역 구분 없이 식생피복도가 높고 하천경사나 재료특성에도 불구하고 강원도의 하천호안공법으로 우수한 기능을 한다. 시급히 식생을 도입하고자 하는 경우 식생블록형 호안이 추천되며 호안공의 안정성과 식생의 다양성 측면에서는 망태형 호안공법이 추천된다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.413-424
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• 2003

This study aims to interpret the location of 4 traditional settlements in the Youngnam district of Korea in view of geomorphology. For this study, GIS techniques were used to analyse quantitatively the degree of slope, slope aspect and the relation with river/stream of these regions. Yugok is located on pediment in the valley basin. Cheonjeon is located in the end part of the hill. Hahoe is located on the convex natural levee of the flood plain. Yangdong is located on a hillside. Houses are mostly distributed with south, southeast, and southwest aspect, but in Hahoe face all sides. Also, the settlements are located on average $10{\sim}20m$ above river bed. This indicates a safe height above river bed for avoiding an flood damage. These results imply that the location of the traditional settlement is based on a scientific logic and rationale. It is thus argued that the settlements satisfy exellent geomorphic conditions from the perspective of modern theories of residential location.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the electron microscopic and rheological properties of Mozzarella cheese manufactured using Streptococcus macedonicus LC743. The rheological properties of the pre-cut curd samples processed with S. macedonicus LC743 showed a weaker texture than those processed with a commercial starter, but showed a similar or stronger texture than those processed with mixed cultures (S. macedonicus LC743 plus the commercial starter). Cheese made with S. macedonicus LC743 showed higher values of hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness compared to those made with the commercial starter and mixed cultures. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed that the cheese manufactured with the commercial starter had a rough surface, whereas that manufactured with S. macedonicus LC743 had casein micelles that were agglomerated in small lumps and formed a small valley.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 1999

Groundwater flow in rock mass is controlled by the fractures developed in the area. So, the conductive fractures are very important for groundwater flow in crystalline rock. This study aims to find out the characteristics of the fracture distributed in granitic rock in the northern part of the Yusong area (latitude $36^{\circ}24'18"~36^{\circ}25'08",{\;}longitude{\;}127^{\circ}21'00"~127^{\circ}23'23"$). The electric and EM surveys were carried out in the site to delineate the fracture the fracture zones. Since geophysical survey provides non-unique solution, hydraulic data and dilling log data including BHTV scanning were used as complementary data to achieve the objective of this study. Electric survey(DC) arrays used are schlumberger and dipole-dipole arrays. VLF is used for EM survey. The main charcteristics of the fracture developed in the study aera are that fractures associated with basic dyke cut corss the main fracture zone in NNW and play an important role as hydraulic barrier. In trun, groundwater table in the upstream area is lower than that downstream area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.535-541
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• 2011

A debris flow is caused by torrential rain in mountainous regions and carries mixture of fragmental matter from slope failure, deposit soils from a valley floor and a large amount of water. It seriously damages facilities, houses, and human lives in its path. We tried to apply debris flow behavior estimation model developed in foreign country to domestic case. The study area is Inje-county, Gangwon-do and aerial photos and GPS surveying were used to collect information of starting and end point of the landslide and debris flow. The analysis showed that L/H for forecasting the travel distances of debris flows has the mean of 4.93 and standard deviation of 0.98. This model tended to overestimate the scale and extent of debris flows. In Inje-county's case, a debris flow is caused by multiple simultaneous small-scale landslide. This is quite different from the foreign cases in which a large-scale landslide cause a large-scale debris flow. Thus, an empirical model suitable for domestic conditions needs to be developed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.191-204
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• 1997

Eight major trails of Soraksan National Park were selected to investigate the use impacts on environmental edterioration of trail according to the different amount of use. The entire width, bare width, maximum depth and slope of trail as the trail condition surveyed at the total of 188 points were significantly greater on the more heavily-used trail. Major deterioration types of trail were root-exposure, widening, rock-exposure, divergence in order of frequency. And trail conditions of edteriorated points were significantly different from those of non-deteriorated points. The damaged area more severe than Class 4 on trail reached about 10,864m$^{2}$ in total, and especially about 4,560m$^{2}$ in the section between Huiunkak Shelter-Munomigogae trail. The dominant trees of trail edge vegetation were be Quercus mongolica in upper layer, but in lower lauer Carpinus laxiflora, Lespedeza maximowiczii for valley and Carpinus laxiflora, Ghododendron mucronulatum var. cilatum, Tripterygium regelii for ridge.. Especially coverage and number of individuals was highest on Munomighgae-Taech'ongbong trail of the largest use of amount, and each trail was dissimilar in species composition of lower layer of edge vegetation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.240-250
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• 1997

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of natural forest at Soch'ongbong-Taech'ongbong Area in Soraksan , 36 plots (20m*20) set up with random sampling method. Three groups - Quercus mongolica- Abies holophylla community, Acer mandshuricum- Abies nebhrolepis community, Abies holophylla-Ulmus laciniata-were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations were proved between Ulmus laciniata and Carpinus cordata; Tripterygium regelii and Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica ; Tripterygium regelii and Rhodo- dendron brachycarpum ; Carpinus cordata and Rhododenron mucronulatm; Wergela subsessilis and Rhododenron nucronulatum and High negative correlations were proved between Rhododen- dron schippenbachii and Euonymus macroptera; Betula ermani and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Tilia amurensis, Magnolia sieboldii, Betula costata ; Pinus pumila and Pinus koraiensis. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was calculated 0.8393~1.3431.