• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.65-75
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• 2003

This study was carried to identify the component of Spleen Meridian Muscle in human, dividing into outer, middle, and inner part. Lower extremity and trunk were opened widely to demonstrate muscles, nerve, blood vessels and the others, displaying the inner structure of Spleen Meridian Muscle. We obtained the results as follows; 1. Spleen Meridian Muscle is composed of the muscle, nerve and blood vessels. 2. In human anatomy, it is present the difference between a term of nerve or blood vessels which control the muscle of Meridian Muscle and those which pass near by Meridian Muscle. 3. The inner composition of meridian muscle in human arm is as follows ; 1) Muscle; ext. hallucis longus tend., flex. hallucis longus tend.(Sp-1), abd. hallucis tend., flex. hallucis brevis tend., flex. hallucis longus tend.(Sp-2, 3), ant. tibial m. tend., abd. hallucis, flex. hallucis longus tend.(Sp-4), flex. retinaculum, ant. tibiotalar lig.(Sp-5), flex. digitorum longus m., tibialis post. m.(Sp-6), soleus m., flex. digitorum longus m., tibialis post. m.(Sp-7, 8), gastrocnemius m., soleus m.(Sp-9), vastus medialis m.(Sp-10), sartorius m., vastus medialis m., add. longus m.(Sp-11), inguinal lig., iliopsoas m.(Sp-12), ext. abdominal oblique m. aponeurosis, int. abd. ob. m., transversus abd. m.(Sp-13, 14, 15, 16), ant. serratus m., intercostalis m.(Sp-17), pectoralis major m., pectoralis minor m., intercostalis m.(Sp-18, 19, 20), ant. serratus m., intercostalis m.(Sp-21) 2) Nerve; deep peroneal n. br.(Sp-1), med. plantar br. of post. tibial n.(Sp-2, 3, 4), saphenous n., deep peroneal n. br.(Sp-5), sural cutan. n., tibial. n.(Sp-6, 7, 8), tibial. n.(Sp-9), saphenous br. of femoral n.(Sp-10, 11), femoral n.(Sp-12), subcostal n. cut. br., iliohypogastric n., genitofemoral. n.(Sp-13), 11th. intercostal n. and its cut. br.(Sp-14), 10th. intercostal n. and its cut. br.(Sp-15), long thoracic n. br., 8th. intercostal n. and its cut. br.(Sp-16), long thoracic n. br., 5th. intercostal n. and its cut. br.(Sp-17), long thoracic n. br., 4th. intercostal n. and its cut. br.(Sp-18), long thoracic n. br., 3th. intercostal n. and its cut. br.(Sp-19), long thoracic n. br., 2th. intercostal n. and its cut. br.(Sp-20), long thoracic n. br., 6th. intercostal n. and its cut. br.(Sp-21) 3) Blood vessels; digital a. br. of dorsalis pedis a., post. tibial a. br.(Sp-1), med. plantar br. of post. tibial a.(Sp-2, 3, 4), saphenous vein, Ant. Med. malleolar a.(Sp-5), small saphenous v. br., post. tibial a.(Sp-6, 7), small saphenous v. br., post. tibial a., peroneal a.(Sp-8), post. tibial a.(Sp-9), long saphenose v. br., saphenous br. of femoral a.(Sp-10), deep femoral a. br.(Sp-11), femoral a.(Sp-12), supf. thoracoepigastric v., musculophrenic a.(Sp-16), thoracoepigastric v., lat. thoracic a. and v., 5th epigastric v., deep circumflex iliac a.(Sp-13, 14), supf. epigastric v., subcostal a., lumbar a.(Sp-15), intercostal a. v.(Sp-17), lat. thoracic a. and v., 4th intercostal a. v.(Sp-18), lat. thoracic a. and v., 3th intercostal a. v., axillary v. br.(Sp-19), lat. thoracic a. and v., 2th intercostal a. v., axillary v. br.(Sp-20), thoracoepigastric v., subscapular a. br., 6th intercostal a. v.(Sp-21)

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

Objectives : This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture and explore the appropriate number of treatment for postmenopausal women diagnosed with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension. Methods : A 4-arm randomized open label pilot trial will be performed at 2 centers. Sixty participants will be divided into 2 treatment groups and 2 control groups. Treatment groups will receive acupuncture at 8 points(bilateral GB20, LI11, ST36, SP6) for 4 weeks(treatment group A, 10 total sessions) or 8 weeks(treatment group B, 20 total sessions), while maintaining usual care. Control groups will not receive acupuncture but will be under usual care for 16 weeks(control group C) or 20 weeks(control group D). Each patient's living habits will be corrected and drugs that may affect blood pressure(BP) will be prohibited. Treatment group A and control group C will be evaluated at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after randomization, while treatment group B and control group D will be evaluated at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks after randomization. The major outcome variable is the magnitude of change in diastolic BP levels at 4 weeks after randomization; auxiliary outcome variables are (1) diastolic BP change at 8, 16, and 20 weeks, (2) systolic BP change, (3) BP control rate, (4) lipid profiles, and (5) high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Patient safety will be assessed at every visit. Results and Conclusions : The study findings may help develop evidence for the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for BP control.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.20-32
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• 2014

Objectives : There has been some controversy about the modulatory effects on brain function during acupuncture on each side of the same acupoint. This study was designed to investigate and compare the blood oxygen level-dependent(BOLD) responses of acupuncture on each side of ST36. Methods : Fourteen healthy subjects were recruited for imaging and received acupuncture or placebo stimulations either on the left or on the right acupoint of ST36 in each scan. For the voxel-wise statistical analysis, one sample T-test and the within-subject analysis of variance(ANOVA) test were performed using SPM8 software. Results : This study showed that acupuncture on each side of ST36 showed different BOLD signal patterns. Higher BOLD responses after acupuncture stimulations at the left ST36 compared to the right were observed mainly in the parahippocampal gyrus(BA 28), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC, BA 44), thalamus, culmen and claustrum. We investigated the different neural responses between rest and activation periods of placebo and acupuncture stimulations on each side of ST36. Acupuncture at the right ST36 elicited activation mainly in the insula, supplementary motor area(SMA) and anterior cingulate cortex(ACC), while acupuncture at the left ST36 elicited activation mainly in the insula, primary somatosensory cortex(SI, BA 2) and DLPFC(BA 44). Conclusions : To our knowledge, this is the first reported functional MRI study directly comparing when needling at the right and at the left side of ST36. This study's preliminary results proved to be evidence of acupuncture's different effects when performed on opposite sides of an acupoint.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-65
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• 2000

The meridian, the meridian point and the Acupuncture-Bu-Xie(鍼灸補瀉) of oriental medicine are very important in the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Until now it has been confused at the practical use, and it showed up many transformation to the ages and many scholars. And then, I made a study of effects on the thermal changes of Sangyang($LI_1$,商陽), Igan($LI_2$,二間), Samgan($LI_3$,三間), Hapkok($LI_4$,合谷), Yanggye($LI_5$,陽谿), Kokchi($LI_{11}$,曲池), Yonghyang($LI_{20}$,迎香) following acupuncture on the Hapkok with the Rotated Acupuncture-Bu-Xie(捻轉補瀉) stimulation. This study researched into clinical statistics for 140 men who are in good health, and they are studying oriental medicine at Woosuk university in Korea. This study was covered a period of 3 months form June, 1999 to August, 1999. The objective was divided into seven groups, those are the control group(CON, N=20), the acupuncture stimulation group with non-rotation on Hapkok of left hand(A-I, N=20), the acupuncture stimulation group with non-rotation on non-meridian point(NA) of left hand(A-II, N=20), the acupuncture stimulation group with Bu-rotation(捻轉補法) on Hapkok of left hand(B-I, N=20), the acupuncture stimulation group with Bu-rotation on non-meridian point(NA) of left hand(B-II, N=20), the acupuncture stimulation group with Xie-rotation(捻轉瀉法) on Hapkok of left hand(C-I, N=20), and the acupuncture stimulation group with Xie-rotation on non-meridian point of left hand(C-II, N=20). The first, I took a picture for 140 men with the Digital infrared thermal image(D.I.T.I.). After 10 minutes, I took a second picture for each group following experimental methods, those were followed acupuncture on the Hapkok and the non-meridian point with the retentive and Rotated Acupuncture-Bu-Xie stimulation. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of the acupuncture stimulation group on Hapkok different from the control groups with significantly change. 2.The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of acupuncture stimulation groups on non-meridian point was not significantly different from the control group. 3. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of the acupuncture stimulation group with Bu-rotation on Hapkok different from the control group with significant increase. 4. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of acupuncture stimulation group with Bu-rotation on non-meridian point was not significantly different from the control group. 5. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of the acupuncture stimulation group with Xie-rotation on Hapkok different from the control group with significant decrease and increase following the decreasing or increasing temperature class, and the increasing temperature class of the acupuncture stimulation group with Xie-rotation on Hapkok significantly different from the acupuncture stimulation group with Bu-rotation on Hapkok. 6. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of acupuncture stimulation group with Xie-rotation on non-meridian point was not significantly different from the control group. As a conclusion, I could think that the acupuncture stimulation with Bu-rotation or Xie-rotation on Hapkok affected the thermal change of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian. And then I could relate these results with the existence of the meridian and meridian point, and with the Rotated Acupuncture-Bu-Xie theory of oriental medicine.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

Objectives : The Knee degenerative osteoarthritis patients are not satisfied with the conventional therapies of KDOA, which results in the use of alternative therapies. The miniscalpel acupuncture is effective in treating chronic soft tissue, releasing contractures. However, there is little scientific evidence supporting the use of miniscalpel acupuncture in knee degenerative osteoarthritis. This study was designed to obtain basic data for a further large-scale trial as well as provide information about the feasibility of miniscalpel acupuncture in knee degenerative osteoarthritis patients. Methods : We describe the protocol for a randomized controlled pilot clinical trial of 5 weeks duration. Twenty patients will be recruited and randomly allocated to two treatment groups: miniscalpel acupuncture treatment(experimental group); and acupuncture and electro-acupuncture treatment(control group). Miniscalpel acupuncture will be performed once with a 1-week interval for 3 weeks. Electro-acupuncture will be administered twice per week for a period of 3 weeks. The primary outcomes will be measured by visual analogue scale and range of motion. The secondary outcomes will be short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. Both primary and secondary outcomes will be measured at baseline and at 1, 2, 3 and 5 weeks(i.e. 2 weeks after treatment completion). Conclusions : This pilot study will provide a basic foundation for a future large-scale trial as well as information about the feasibility of miniscalpel acupuncture in knee degenerative osteoarthritis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.166-173
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• 2018

Objectives : Woogakseungmatang is a prescription medication mainly used to treat facial paralysis in Korean medicine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Woogakseungmatang on anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Methods : Woogakseungmatang was extracted using hot water. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) method; nitric oxide(NO) production and Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production in RAW cells treated with Woogakseungmatang were investigated; and the cytokine changes associated with inflammation were examined. The antioxidant capacity of Woogakseungmatang was measured using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Results : RAW cells treated with Woogakseungmatang showed 90% cell viability at a $100-{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. NO production was decreased by 15% at a $100-{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. $PGE_2$ production was decreased by 18% at a $100-{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. Interleukin $1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), interleukin 6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) were significantly reduced at $100{\mu}g/ml$ compared with those in the control group. The DPPH free radical scavenging capability was more than 50% at $100{\mu}g/ml$. Conclusions : Woogakseungmatang showed only a slight anti - inflammatory effect at $100{\mu}g/ml$ and it was difficult to confirm the concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, this study means to confirm the potential anti-inflammatory effects of Woogakseungmatang. Based on this research, more systematic and diverse studies should be conducted.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.89-96
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• 2022

Objectives : This research was performed to analyze the components in the different parts of Lythrum salicaria L. and to compare which parts of L. salicaria L. are appropriate for food development. Methods : L. salicaria L. was extracted in 20% EtOH at 100 ℃ for 4 hours. Cytotoxicity was investigated in 3T3-L1 cells after treatment of 10-500 ㎍/ml L. salicaria L. for 24 hours. Total polyphenol content (TPC) was estimated using 1 N Folin-ciocateu reagent. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was estimated using DPPH reagent and gallic acid. The chemical composition was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 1) Results : The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the extracts of the whole plant, aerial parts, and root parts was 350 ㎍/ml, over 500 ㎍/ml, and 150 ㎍/ml, respectively. The TPC in the extracts of the whole plant, aerial parts, and root parts was 527.1 mg/g, 422.6 mg/g, and 781.1 mg/g, respectively. The averages of vitexin contents in the aerial parts, and root parts were 256.7 ± 154.9 ㎍/g and 266.1 ± 63.2 ㎍/g, respectively. The averages of TPC in the leaves, roots, flower stalks and stems were 224.0 ± 53.7 tannin acid (TA) mg/g, 221.8 ± 70.2 TA mg/g, 249.8 ± 34.4 TA mg/g, and 67.7±8.9 TA mg/g, respectively. The averages of DPPH radical scavenging activity in the leaves, roots, flower stalks, and stems were 282.01 ± 43.3 gallic acid equivalent (GAE) 𝜇mole/g, 260.16 ± 44.1 GAE 𝜇mole/g, 288.0 ± 9.3 GAE 𝜇mole/g, and 97.6 ± 10.7 GAE 𝜇mole/g, respectively. Conclusions : There were no significant differences in the content of components or antioxidant activity in the aerial parts compared to those in the whole plant of L. salicaria L. Furthermore, the root parts had low extract yield, cytotoxicity, and quality control problems, therefore our results suggest that the use of the aerial part of L. salicaria L. would be the most appropriate for food development.