• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.11
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• pp.251-258
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• 2001

인간의 내면에서 일어나는 여러 가지 변화들을 인간의 지식으로써 표현하는 것이 여러 언어적인 표현이다. 그러나 인간이 무엇을 알고 있는가에 대하여, 표현하기란 그 누구도 결코 불가능한 것일 수도 있고 그렇지 않을 수도 있다. 그리고 인간의 지식을 표현하는 언어로서 자문자답한다고 하더라도 그 결과는 역시 알 수 없는 미궁으로 빠지게 됨을 그 누구나 공감하게 된다. 그렇다고 한다면 수를 보는 시각과 인류 문명에 대한 시각, 그리고 인간사고에 대해서도 이제 새롭게 볼 수 있는 시각이 요구되고 있다. 새로운 시각으로 수의 성질을 크게 존재 ${\cdot}$ 법칙 ${\cdot}$ 구조와 질서 ${\cdot}$ 힘 ${\cdot}$ 양과 질 ${\cdot}$ 통일로 분류하여 알아보았다. 다른 한편으로는 개인의 수 개념 형성에 초점을 둔 Piaget이론을 소개하고 있다 그리고 경험주의 선구자인 Dewey의 수 개념을 소개하고 있다. 역사와 수, 인체와 수에서는 동이와 수리사상이 인체와 관련된다는 사실은 동 ${\cdot}$ 서양을 막론하고 확인되고 있다. 인체와 수에 대한 것을 동양인 중국 문화권에서 일(一)부터 십(十)까지의 기호를 인체와 연결시켜 소개하였다. 수의 본질을 알고 이해하는 것이 곧 자연현상의 이해이며 그 자연의 일부인 인간을 이해하고 동시에 역사를 이해하는 기본이라 아니할 수 없을 것이다. 따라서 수를 보는 시각이 달라지지 않으면 수학을 기피하는 현상은 계속될 것이다.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.149-163
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• 2011

While the affective aspects are emphasized in the current mathematics curriculum in Korea, it is just indicated a superficial degree. Therefore in this study, based on consideration for internal representational system theories, a dynamic viewpoints of self-system processes, socio-constructivist perspectives, and motivation theories, we discuss the meaning of affective competency, the motive of mathematics learning, mathematical identity of students, social environments and affective experiences, then we suggest an affective frame in mathematical learning. Hereby, we suggest what should be considered in affect instructions and the alternative goal of mathematical education in affective aspects.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1063-1085
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• 2009

The purposes of this study were to investigate the transition of elderly's welfare service utilization and to examine the factors affecting their utilization as time passed. To solve these research questions, the behavioral model presented by Andersen and Newman(1973) was applied. Using Hallym Aging Panel data consisted of 3 waves from 2003 to 2007, autoregressive modeling and regression analysis were applied for research purposes. The results of this study were as follows; (1) The experiences of welfare service utilization were increasing gradually. The complimentary service for the aged was utilized generally, but leisure service and community service were not used in common. (2) Past experience of service affected service utilization in the following times. (3) The factors affecting older adult's service utilization were different among the types of services. Nonetheless, the factors affecting continuously during the periods were found: age as predisposing factor and area as enabling factor in the complimentary service; area and existence of spouse as enabling factor in leisure service; education as predisposing factor and service cognition as enabling factor in community service. Enabling factor has affected more consistently than other factors. The results showed that special attention should be paid to balanced regional arrangement for welfare resources and the public relation considering the elderly's intellectual level.

• School Mathematics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.487-506
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• 2007

The aims of this study is figure out the characteristics of justification patterns and mathematical representation which are derived from 14 mathematically gifted middle school students in the process of solving the spatial tasks on Archimedean solid. This study shows that mathematically gifted students apply different types of justification such as empirical, or deductive justification and partial or whole justification. It would be necessary to pay attention to the value of informal justification, by comparing the response of student who understood the entire transformation process and provided a reasonable explanation considering all component factors although presenting informal justification and that of student who showed formalization process based on partial analysis. Visual representation plays an valuable role in finding out the Idea of solving the problem and grasping the entire structure of the problem. We found that gifted students tried to create elaborated symbols by consolidating mathematical concepts into symbolic re-presentations and modifying them while gradually developing symbolic representations. This study on justification patterns and mathematical representation of mathematically gifted students dealing with spatial geometry tasks provided an opportunity for understanding their the characteristics of spacial geometrical thinking and expending their thinking.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.71
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• pp.157-193
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to critically interpret generational trends in contemporary Korea through understanding the consumer experiences of luxury bag purchases of women in their late 20s and early 30s. Previous studies on luxury consumption tend to focus on an analysis of the value of luxury products as a sign and a symbol, the characteristics or class identity of luxury consumers, or expressive behavior in terms of ideal self-image. While including these factors, this study also expands the scope to a reflexive understanding of the social structural context behind the phenomenon of personal consumption. This was achieved by considering consumption in terms of the style and practice of everyday life, as well as its opportunities and limitations. In particular, we pay attention to how luxury bags are reproduced as media, which is a process that is circulated back to consumption, and through this process, this study reflects on capitalist life and subjects.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.167-197
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• 1991

This paper is intended as an introductory essay to explain endogenous changes in the scope of firm activities in the competitive structure of a deregulated, multi-product financial industry. Recently, the global financial industry has been experiencing a widespread reshuffling in its activities, reflecting both consolidation and specialization. The spread of the universal banking system, which involves the integration of various kinds of financial activities, has resulted in the so-called financial supermarket. At the same time, the traditional set of banking activities has been unbundled into so-called financial boutiques. A relevant question is where the current reshuffling process of integration and disintegration in financial activities might lead the financial industry. However, presently popular theories of the financial industry are not really appropriate for the analysis of this issue. This paper attempts to integrate the theory of specialization [George J. Stigler, "The Division of Labor is Limited by the Extent of the Market," Journal of Political Economy, Vol. LIX, No.3, June 1951] and the theory of the multi-product firm [William J. Baumol, John C. Panzar, and Robert D. Willig, Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., New York, 1982] and to apply the resulting hybrid theory, a theory on the scope of financial activity, to the financial industry. The implications of this theory for the issues raised above are formalized under five hypotheses on the reshuffling of financial activities as listed below: Hypothesis I: The differences in the organization of financial industries among countries are determined by differences in the size of the financial markets, other things being equal. Hypothesis II: A financial firm will separate those financial activities simultaneously having relatively strong economies of scale and relatively weak economies of scope (alternatively, diseconomies of scope) from other activities. Conversely, the firm will integrate those activities simultaneously having relatively weak economies of scale (alternatively, diseconomies of scale) and relatively strong economies of scope with incumbent activities. Hypothesis III: A competitive equilibrium in the deregulated financial industry will consist of both specialized and multi-product financial firms, resulting in a mixed form of specialized and universal banking systems. Hypothesis IV: As world financial markets fully integrate and all countries consequently face this single, common world market, the financial structures of individual countries will become increasingly similar. Hypothesis V: A more universal banking system will dominate the deregulated financial industry in countries with relatively small financial markets, while a more specialized banking system will dominate in countries with relatively large financial markets. However, equilibrium will ultimately be mixed, with specialized and universal banks coexisting, as stated in Hypothesis III. Based on these hypotheses, this paper interprets the historical development of specialized vs. universal banking systems in major industrial countries as a process driven by the evolution of the financial market in each country - i.e. the change in the size of the financial market over time. In addition, this paper anticipates that the final equilibrium of the world financial industry, which is currently under the pressure of financial innovations and deregulation, will be a mixed equilibrium with both specialized boutiques and universal supermarket-type financial firms, instead of an exclusively specialized or universal banking system. Future research should seek continued theoretical elaboration and empirical verification of this paper's hypotheses.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.53
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• pp.31-49
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• 2003

Neo-liberalism, the most influential ideology in the current world, argues for the commercialization of social security programs and for the dissolution of the interventionist welfare state. From the neo-liberal viewpoint, social services become more efficient and more advantageous for recipients, when provided by the market, not by the state. It is also argued that the welfare of all social members is best secured when the market freely operates without any interference from the state. From the neo-liberal point of view, an argument was raised to commercialize the state-administered Workers' Compensation program of Korea in the mid-1990s. This argument was faced with strong resistances from labor unions and social welfare circles, and has disappeared since the economic breakdown and the restructuring of Korean society during the late 1990s. Butr, such an argument can emerge anytime as the nee-liberal ideology become more powerful. This article aims to examine the neo-liberal argument that the privatization of social security programs, through an increases in efficiency, improves the interests of the recipients as well as the whole society. For this, this article attempts to analyze the Workers' Compensation programs of the USA, which, from state to state, are administered by the state government or by private insurance companies. This study can serve as an effective critique for the neo-liberal argument, if it finds that state-administered Workers' Compensation programs are more efficient than those managed by insurance companies. This article's another aim is to assess the controversies over the privatization of the Workers' Compensation program of Korea during the mid to late 1990s. The controversies were more about which viewpoint is right and, in most cases, lacked empirical evidence. This study shall empirically criticize the argument for the privatization of the Workers' Compensation program.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-35
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• 1988

1968년 St. Louis모형(模型)의 주축(主軸)을 이루는 총지출식(總支出式)이 발표된 이래 이를 둘러싸고 경제학자(經濟學者)들간에 많은 논란(論難)이 계속되어 왔다. 본고(本稿)는 이 시점(時點)에서 과거(過去)의 경험(經驗)과 쟁점(爭點)들을 회고해 보면서 종합적(綜合的)인 평가(評價)를 시도함과 아울러 동(同) 모형(模型)을 우리 경제(經濟)에 적용(適用)하여 통화정책(通貨政策)의 파급효과(波及效果)를 측정해 보고 이에 대한 정책적(政策的) 함의(含意)를 추출해 보고자 함을 그 목적으로 하고 있다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 분석결과(分析結果)에 의하면 우리나라에 있어서도 통화정책(通貨政策)의 명목소득(名目所得)에 대한 파급효과(波及效果)가 재정정책(財政政策)의 경우보다 월등하나 미국(美國)의 경우에 비하여는 명목소득(名目所得)과 물가(物價)의 통화(通貨)에 대한 탄성치(彈性値)가 다소 작은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 경제(經濟)의 안정화(安定化)(특히 장기(長期))를 위해서는 통화정책(通貨政策)에 큰 비중(比重)을 두어야 한다는 점이 시사되고 있다. 다만 이 모형(模型)은 총통화(總通貨)의 외생성(外生性) 여부, 모형(模型)의 구조적(構造的) 안정성(安定性), 금융혁신(金融革新) 등에 따른 총통화유통속도(總通貨流通速度)의 불안정 가능성 등의 문제점을 안고 있으므로 동(同) 결과(結果)의 해석이나 활용에 있어서는 주의를 요한다고 하겠다.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.337-352
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• 2012

In this paper, a smart education system is developed and implemented for ADHD students. Usually, ADHD students lack of self efficacy. Self efficacy is very important factor for improving social adaptability and learning effect of ADHD students. In the proposed system, MLE concept is adapted. MLE concept is used to improve self efficacy of ADHD students. The purpose of the proposed system is to help ADHD students have high study capability. The proposed system is applied an ADHD student. The following results are obtained. First, the system can improve study interests. In turn, the system is helpful to improve concentration and learning effect. Second, based on successful study experience, self efficacy is improved. Third, study achievement is improved by changing cognitive structure that is due to development of meta-cognition.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.50
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• pp.299-325
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• 2018

Humans have made a third person over a long history and differentiated them from each other. Discrimination of 'us' and 'them' has led Derrida to make works to look upon the human nature towards animal strangers. This study tries to examine upon the expansion of animal strangers by focusing on 'The Animal That Therefore I am.' Furthermore, the research asserts to pay more attention to animal strangers by looking at his works of how modern people think about animals in the current society. Derrida expresses his 'humiliation' that he felt when he faced his cat after a shower. This emotion brings up the topic that was neglected in the conventional wisdom and casts doubts on this. This emotion of humuliation is only felt by humans, and he explains this is one way of feeling like a 'human.' The researcher therefore focuses on the 'experiences of humans' and looks at the ambivalence of humans in culture and the irony in natural animals. This perspective criticizes Speciesism, which considers people other than oneself able to be suffered. This view also tried to escape anthro-pocentrism and looked at the animals on their own. This study examines current animal strangers with theories of Donna Haraway and Jane Goodal, and analyzes Derrida's artworks with Susan Sontag's philosophy. This aims to lead to a conclusion of how to reach an optimal relationship between human and animal. By focusing on Derrida, who has not been highlighted yet in this country, hopes to create effective communication between human and animal by explaining his artworks through new philosophy of animals.