• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.311-320
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• 1997

사회가 발달함에 따라 교통사고 등에 의한 외상 환자는 20 -30 년전에 비해 기하급수적으로 증가 하고 있으며 그러한 외상 중에 경추부 상해의 빈도는 매우 높다. 경추부 상해 원인을 규명하기 위한 임상학적 시도는 한계성을 지니고 있다. 본 논문에서는 실제 경추부 형상을 바탕으로 근육과 인대 등 을 비선형 스프링, 댐퍼 등으로 수치 모델링하여 후면 충돌시 경추부의 거동과 경추부에 미치는 상해를 구현하였다. 이를 이용하여 편타성 상해와 에어백으로 인한 경추부 골절의 생리학적 원인을 분석하고 자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 2020

Perineural cysts are usually discovered incidentally; only approximately one percent of such cysts are symptomatic. Symptomatic cervical perineural cysts, of which only five case reports have been found in the literature, are extremely rare and there is no consensus regarding treatment. When a cervical perineural cyst is discovered in a patient with cervical radiculopathy without the cause of other apparent compression, the cyst can be considered as a possible cause of cervical radiculopathy. In such cases, non-surgical conservative treatment can be considered before any surgical intervention. We reported the successful treatment of case of a 40-year-old woman with a symptomatic cervical perineural cyst by oral steroids and transforaminal epidural steroid injection.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.321-330
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• 1997

교통사고로 인하여 정형외과를 찾는 환자 중 60%정도가 경추부 상해 때문이나 이에 대한 보호장구개발은 미흡한 실정에 있다. 자동차 충돌사고시의 경추부 상해는 대 부분이 후면 충돌로부터 기인하며 특히 차체의 변형이 적은 저속충돌시에도 경추부의 연질 조직이 상하는 편차성 상해가 쉽게 발생된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 편타성 상 해를 보다 근본적으로 분석하기 위하여 활차 실험과 그에 대한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결 과를 소개하였다. 현재 진행 중인 본 연구를 통하여 아직까지 규명되지 않은 경추부 의 하중 경로와 상해기구를 파악하고자 하며 이를 바탕으로 보다 인체공학적인 시트 설계에 필요한 기반 기술을 확보하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-66
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• 2014

Traditionally, cervical interventions have been performed under fluoroscopy. But radiation exposure is the major concern when obtaining fluoroscopic images and even under real-time fluoroscopy with contrast media or CT guidance, some cases of serious spinal cord injuries, cerebellar and brain stem infarction have been reported by unintentional intra-arterial injections especially during the transforaminal root blocks. Recently, the use of ultrasound-guided cervical interventions have increased. Ultrasound offers visualization of soft tissues including major neurovascular structures and also allows to observe the spread of injectant materials around the target structure. Ultrasound is radiation free, easy to use and the image can be performed continuously while the injectant is visualized in real-time, increasing the precision of injection. Importantly, ultrasound allows visualization of major nerves and vessels and thus leads to improve safety of cervical interventions by decreasing the incidence of injury or injection into nearby vasculature. We therefore reviewed to investigate the feasibility of performing cervical interventions under real-time ultrasound guidance.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.543-551
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• 2016

The study was aimed at investigating the relationship between biomechanical properties of cervical muscles and smartphone addiction score in fifty healthy males using smartphone more than 60 minutes each day. The usage of smartphone was evaluated by smartphone addiction survey developed from Korean International Society Agency. Biomechanical properties of three major cervical muscles; splenius capitis, sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius, were measured by Myoton, and conducted five parameters; frequency, decrement, stiffness, creep, and relaxation time. As results, all parameters had less than 2% of coefficient of variation(CV) between measurement intervals. Also, intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC) indicated a high reliability(ICC>.9, p<.01). Moreover, the smartphone addiction score was significantly different in frequency(r=.353, p<.05) and stiffness(r=.346, p<.05) on upper trapezius; in addition, in decrement(r=-.284, p<.05) and creep(r=.288, p<.05) on sternocleidomastoid. Especially, splenius capitis was closely related with the overuse of smartphone(frequency, r=-.368, p<.01; decrement, r=-.405, p<.01; stiffness, r=-.424, p<.01). In conclusion, this study implied that the overuse of smartphone is significantly related with the damage of cervical muscles, cervical pain, and headache; furthermore, Myoton can be used as an effective device to assess mechanical properties of cervical muscles.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Ballistic impact on a soldier wearing a helmet can induce fatal injury, even if the helmet is not penetrated. Although studies on this type of injury have been performed, most of them have used an analytical model focused on head injury only. The injury of the neck muscles and cervical vertebrae by non-penetrating ballistic impact affects the survivability of soldiers, despite not inflicting fatal injury to the human body. Therefore, an analytical model of the head and neck muscles are necessary. In this study, an analysis of human body injury using the previously developed head model, as well as a cervical model with muscles, was performed. For the quantitative prediction of injury, the stress, strain, and HIC were compared. The results from the model including the cervical system indicated a lower extent of injury than the results from the model excluding them. The results of head injury were compared with other references for reliability.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2008

Objective: This study analyzed the morphologic changes of the fourth cervical vertebra body to determine the skeletal age of orthodontic patients during growth. Methods: Eighty-one female patients aged from 11 to 14 who had cephalograms taken on the same day were examined. The subjects were divided into three groups depending on the depth of the concavity of the lower border of the fourth cervical vertebra (Group A: less than 1.05 mm, Group B: 1.05 - 2.07 mm, Group C: greater than 2.07 mm). Menarcheal timing, SMI stage, length, width and ratio of length and width of the fourth cervical vertebra body were analyzed and the following results were obtained. Results: The average SMI stage of group A, B and C were $5.67{\pm}2.57,\;8.73{\pm}2.41,\;and\;10.00{\pm}1.47$, respectively. Length, width, ratio of length and width, and SMI stage were greater in group B than group A and in group C than group B. Mean menarcheal timing was $11.64{\pm}0.92$ years. Concavity depth, length, width, ratio of length and width showed a significant positive correlation with SMI stage, especially with the concavity depth. Conclusion: The results of this study propose a simple method for determining the timing of orthopedic treatment by measuring the concavity depth of the fourth cervical vertebra on the cephalogram.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2011

Purpose: As the number of people enjoying skiing and snowboarding which are two popular winter sports has been increasing, wearing helmet during doing these sports has been needed for safety. The rates of head or face injury have decreased after using helmet. However the effect that wearing helmet has on cervical damage is not yet to be known. So through this research we intend to be helpful in developing effective program and safety equipment. Materials and Methods: During two seasons from December 2009 to march 2011, cased 658 cervical injuries within 14538 admittance in medical center of major resort due to skiing and snow-boarding injuries. For survey and research model, one year before the research year conducted a pilot study. Admittance were 432 male and 226 female, advanced 273 and 385 novice. We divided them into two groups depending on wearing helmet, measured cervical damage ratio and injury mechanism, and researched the severity of damage and diagnosed injury. Each group used SPSS 12.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) to process data statistically. Results: The number of patients was 312 in skier and 346 in snow boarder. Patients wearing helmet were 146 in skier and 127 in snow boarder. Classification of each injuries were confirmed as 292 cases of simple sprain, 359 bruising, 6 cervical fractures and 1 case of dislocation. Classification of injury mechanisms were 287 of human collision, 212 material collision, 108 of slip down by oneself, 39 of falling and 12 cases of etc. In cases wearing helmet ski 78/ snow board 70 were simple sprain, ski 64/ snowboard 68 were shown as bruising, ski 1/ snow board 2 had cervical fracture or dislocation. The ratio of cervical sprain increased in cases of wearing helmet compared to non-wearing cases and there was a statistical significance (p<0.001). The ratio of cervical contusion increased significantly in non-wearing helmet user (p<0.05). However, there was no significant increase in fracture and dislocation compared between helmet user and non-user (p> 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, wearing helmet had no relation to additional cervical injury occurrence or severity among skiers and snow boarders. The ratio of cervical sprain increased significantly in helmet user with person to person accident. However, the cervical contusion decreased. On this ground, further biomechanical studies are required and modified helmet will be necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.519-524
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• 2021

Meningitis after spinal surgery occurs rarely but can be fatal. A 49-year-old male was diagnosed with compressive myelopathy due to cervical disc herniation at the C 5, 6 level and underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). He complained of severe neck pain and stiffness with fever postoperatively and one week after surgery, the patient presented with abrupt tetraplegia. The follow-up magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed bacterial meningitis complicated by myelitis. The patient was treated with antibiotics and steroid, but the outcome was poor. The authors report a case of meningitis combined with myelitis following anterior cervical spinal surgery.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.246
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• pp.38-40
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• 2008