• 농업기술회보
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.25-26
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• 2011

교토의정서(Kyoto Protocol) 기후변화협약에 따른 온실가스 감축에 관한 의정서. 1997년 교토에서 열린 유엔기후변화협약 당사국 총회에서 채택. 선진국은 2008~2012년 사이에 온실가스 배출량을 1990년 배출량 대비 평균 5.2% 감축토록 규정. 한국은 의무감축 대상국이 아니며 미국은 교토의정서를 비준하지 않았음.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.9 no.7 s.86
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• pp.15-19
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• 1976

생활이 과학화됨에 따라 생활양식이 향상되고 인간의 사회적접촉이 많아지고 그 접촉방법과 형태가 또한 다양해지고 있다. 그러므로 의생활에서 의복의 형태의 다양성과 기능성의 요구도가 높아져가고 있으며 생산면에서도 시간적인 절약과 경제적면으로 제작의 공업화로 인한 기성복화가 요구되고 있다. 이런점으로 보아 의생활에서 혁신과 경제성으로 생각해야 할 것은 기성화의 문제와 소비문제라고 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.369-376
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• 2005

This study aims to investigate and practically examine the effect of environmental qualifications based on the theoretical background on the area. On the basis of theoretical background, a study model was formulated in a way that the effect of qualifications in enterprises side is divided into an economic effect (improvement of productivity, improvement of qualifies of products) and non-economic effect (credibility on the job, expertise on techniques, assessment criteria on entrepreneurial value, applicability of job arrangement). Then, survey was carried out with questions designed in accordance with this model. The hypotheses were proved as the following. First, fir hypothesis 1(Environmental qualifications will bring up positive impacts on the economic effect of enterprises), it turned out to be true. The improvement of productivity and qualities of products were chose to represent the economic effect of entrepreneurs, and the both factors appeared to have positive impacts on the economic effect of enterprises. Second, for hypothesis 2(Environmental qualifications will have positive impacts on the non-economic effect of enterprises), it turned out to be true. Environmental qualifications were proved to have positive impacts on credibility on the job, expertise on techniques, assessment criteria on entrepreneurial value, applicability of job arrangement, which were introduced to represent the non-economic effect of enterprises. In conclusion, environmental qualifications were proved to have positive impacts on both economic and non-economic effect of enterprises.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.643-668
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to estimate the value of the sociocultural multifunctionality of rural areas in Korea. The sociocultural multifunctionality of rural areas consists of emotional comfort, green landscape, cultural heritage, and rural viability values. The value of the sociocultural multifunctionality was assessed by contingent valuation method incoporating preference uncertainty. The log-logit models indicated that households were willing to pay 14,027~26,757 won per month and the model with preference uncertainty gave the highest WTP. WTP was affected by respondent's sex, location, awareness of relation with multifunctionality and others. The total value of sociocultural multifunctionality of rural areas in Korea estimated to 2,691~5,134 billion won per year.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.95-120
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• 1987

본고(本稿)에서는 최근 북한(北韓)의 대서방(對西方) 합영노력(合營努力) 및 무역확대정책(貿易擴大政策)으로 대변되는 개방화정책(開放化政策)의 현황(現況)과 그 문제점(問題點)에 대하여 살펴보았다. 최근 북한(北韓)의 경제활성화(經濟活性化)를 위한 새로운 움직임은 중공(中共)과 같이 실용주의(實用主義)로서의 수정(修正)이나 사회주의시장경제체제(社會主義市場經濟體制)로의 전환(轉換)이 결코 아니고 경직(硬直)된 북한경제(北韓經濟)의 구조적(構造的) 침체(沈滯)를 타개하기 위한 방편에 불과하다. 즉, 관료적(官僚的) 중앙집권경제운용방식(中央集權經濟運用方式)을 따르는 북한(北韓)의 경우 경제개방(經濟開放)의 선행요건(先行要件)인 사적소유제도(私的所有制度)의 부분적(部分的) 허용(許容)과 경영관리개선(經營管理改善) 등 어느 정도의 시장기능도입(市場機能導入)이 이루어지지 않는 한 서방(西方)과의 합작투자(合作投資)에는 명백한 한계가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 북한(北韓)의 산업(産業)은 대외경쟁(對外競爭)으로부터 보호되어 왔기 때문에 비교우위(比較優位)에 의한 국제적(國際的) 전문화(專門化)를 이룬 경험이 없고 외화부족(外貨不足), 기술낙후(技術落後), 사회간접자본(社會間接資本) 미비(未備) 등 제반 제약요인(制約要因)으로 북한(北韓)의 무역증대(貿易增大)는 크게 기대하기 어렵다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.1-24
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• 2000

21세기는 생명, 환경, 정보를 주제로 새 시대를 맞이하고 있다. 20세기 절대빈곤에서 벗어나기 위한 성장제일주의의 경제개발정책은 짧은 시간에 성공적으로 달성되어 높은 문화수준과 산업사회를 이룰 수 있었다. 한편, 국민생활향상과 산업발전에 결정적 역할을 해왔던 수자원개발은 동강에서, 시화호에서, 지리산, 인천 앞바다에서 개발 부작용으로 생태와 환경이 심한 몸살을 앓기 시작하고 있다. WTO에 의한 시장개방으로 생산구조가 붕괴되고 농촌지역이 공동화될 것을 걱정하고 있다. 누군가는 농촌에서 농사를 짓고 살아야만 국가의 산업구조가 유지되고 아름다운 국토의 자연환경을 보전할 수 있다. 농촌은 식량생산을 위한 공간과 인간생활을 위한 공간 등 두 가지 기능을 가진 공간이다. 쾌적한 농촌을 이룩하려면 농업생산성을 향상시켜 농업소득을 높이고, 농공단지의 활성화와 농촌관광과 휴양시설에 의한 농외소득을 강화해야 한다. 또한, 농업은 식량의 안정적 공급은 물론 홍수 및 토양침식 억제, 수자원함양, 수질정화, 대기정화, 생물 다양성 등 환경보전적 기능이 WTO에 대응하여 쌀시장을 지킬 수 있는 논리로 새롭게 평가받고 있다. George Brokeway (경제인의 종말, 1991)의 “ 이윤극대화라는 경제원칙이 인간의 자연파괴와 기상이변 앞에 모순을 드러내고 있어 경제학의 인간화를 요구하고 있다.”는 지적에 비교우위론자들은 다시 한번 귀기울여주기 바란다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.243-260
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• 2006

The continuing enlargement, deepening integration of EU and penetration of extra-EU enterprise into EU market are forming a new geographical restructure of the production system. In this paper, I analyse the changing geography of the EU automotive production system. The globalization and regionalisation of production activity intensify a competition among the enterprise. The European automotive production system changes to a platform system and a modular system for a diminution of productive costs, a development of various products and a frequent innovation of products. The European automotive enterprise is restructuring geographically the production functions and products in order to promote efficiency on a new production system, enlarged production space and intensified economic integration. The European automotive industry tends to a spatial specialization and agglomeration according to the locational factors of production functions and products and the locational condition of regions. This intensifies the geographical hierarchic structure of production activity between the core and the periphery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

The study of ecosystem service assessment has been actively researched and developed from Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MA) and The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity(TEEB). However, current assessments are limited to monetary assessments of ecosystem function and do not account for the effects of environmental factors and socioeconomic status. This study proposes methods to evaluate ecosystem service based on environmental and socioeconomic factors. The study assesses water yield function through the water yield model in InVEST Tool, and evaluates the overall ecosystem service of water yield as reflected by the amount of precipitation and population of the area. Results show that a difference exists between spatial distributions of the ecosystem function of water yield derived from natural conditions such as land cover and soil, and the spatial distribution of the ecosystem service that accounts for climate and socioeconomic factors. The value of ecosystem service increases for an area of higher population and lower precipitation with similar water yield. Thus, the ecosystem service of water yield should be evaluated not only by the water yield function, but also by climate and socioeconomic factors. The evaluation process described for this study should also be applicable to the evaluation of ecological services in other sectors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.524-533
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• 2015

This study aims to prove the value of SNS tourism information by confirming the relation between SNS tourism information and perceived risk and by verifying its influence on the intention to switch tourism destination. The data was collected from 302 tourists. For data analysis, SPSS 18.0 program and AMOS 18.0 were conducted. First, functional characteristics of SNS tourism information have been verified to have no relationship with the tourist's perception of risk, and therefore the functional tourism information is thought to cause individual motive regardless of tourist's perception of risk. Second, aesthetic value and economic benefits of SNS tourism information have been analyzed to reduce perceived risk of tourists. Third, a symbol of SNS Tourism information has proved to be an element that increases the risk perceived by tourists, indicating that various kinds of tourism information provided by other channels including SNS can serve as a momentum to make tourists recognize new risks the other way round as new tourism information is accumulated, which acts as new motivating factor.

• Art History and Visual Culture
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• no.22
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• pp.254-279
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• 2018

This essay traces the origin and the social function of medieval knights in Edwin Austin Abbey's murals ${\ll}$The Quest of the Holy Grail${\gg}$ in the Boston Public Library. Medieval knights in the Arthurian legend appeared in American novels at the end of 1850s and in political cartoons in the 1870s. They are featured in American Renaissance murals as well. ${\ll}$The Quest of the Holy Grail${\gg}$ painted in 1895 was the first of its kind. In Britain, the Pre-Raphaelites frequently painted medieval knights. Abbey fused the visual idiom of the Pre-Raphaelites and that of the Royal Academy of Arts in his depiction of knights. Unlike the Pre-Raphaelites, who usually focused on knights' activities, he emphasized their virtue. His representation of knights reflect the social and economic crises in America in the 1890s. After the Civil War, American society enjoyed economic prosperity but suffered from government corruption, economic inequality, and class conflict. Serious social problems such as poverty and inequality decayed American society. Writers and artists brought attention to these issues. This essay argues that Abbey criticized capitalists and expressed his hope for progress through the figure of Galahad as the iconic representation of civic virtue in ${\ll}$The Quest of the Holy Grail${\gg}$. Installed in the Boston Public Library, Abbey's murals performed a public function to warn the viewers of economic and social chaos resulting from government corruption. Abbey's American knights not only emphasized moral responsibility but also promoted patriotism. The artist refashioned medieval knights into American citizens, whose civic virtue became essential to an ideal leader in American society.