• Journal of KIISE
• /
• v.44 no.7
• /
• pp.710-718
• /
• 2017

As graphs are becoming increasingly large, the costs for storing and managing data are increasing continuously. Shortest path discovery over a large graph requires long running time due to frequent disk I/Os and high complexity of the graph data. Recently, graph summarization techniques have been studied, which reduce the size of graph data and disk I/Os by representing highly dense subgraphs as a single super-node. Decompressing should be minimized for efficient shortest path discovery over the summarized graph. In this paper, we analyze the decompression performance of a summarized graph and propose an approximate technique that discovers the shortest path quickly with a minimum error ratio. We also propose an exact technique that efficiently discovered the shortest path by exploiting an index built on paths containing super-nodes. In our experiments, we showed that the proposed technique based on the summarized graph can reduce the running time by up to 70% compared with the existing techniques performed on the original graph.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.78-82
• /
• 2020

Carotid web is a disease that is rarely found in patients with ischemic stroke, whereas it is more frequently observed in cryptogenic stroke patients. Fibromuscular dysplasia is known as the cause of carotid web, and it has been reported that carotid web causes blood flow disturbance, resulting in both thrombus and embolic stroke. Carotid web is confused with carotid dissection because fibromuscular dysplasia causes relatively rigid fibrous structures to grow into the lumen of the carotid artery and this creates a double lumen that is seen on duplex sonography. In addition, carotid web is web-shaped and may be confused with other carotid artery diseases such as ulcerative plaque. However, carotid web tends to be thicker at the beginning and thinner at the end, and it also has no flutter. Therefore, this study reports on four cases of carotid web with the overall description of the carotid web and the characteristic findings of duplex sonography in patients with carotid web.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.50-53
• /
• 2019

Purpose Yttrium-90 (Y-90) is high-energy beta emitters ($E{\beta}$, max = 2.28 MeV) with the mean penetration depth of 2.5 mm in tissue. Radioactive microspheres containing Y-90 is widely used for the transarterial radioembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, bremsstrahlung radiation from Y-90 can cause the external radiation exposure to medical staff who handle the Y-90 microspheres. In this study, shielding device for Y-90 microspheres was developed to minimize the external radiation exposure. Materials and Methods Y-90 microsphere shielding device was made from 6 mm thicknesses of tungsten including the lead glass window. Radiation shielding ability of Y-90 microsphere shielding device was evaluated using 4 GBq of $SIR-Spheres^{(R)}$ Y-90 microspheres. The bremsstrahlung radiation was measured using radiation survey meter. Results The mean radiation dose of Y-90 microspheres in acrylic shield was $261.7{\pm}2.3{\mu}Sv/h$ (n=5) at 10 cm away from the shield. With the additional tungsten shielding device, it was $23.7{\pm}1.3{\mu}Sv/h$ (n=5). Thus, the bremsstrahlung radiation dose was decreased by 90.9%. At 50 cm away from the shield, bremsstrahlung radiation was reduced by 89.2% after using tungsten shielding device. Conclusion During the preparation and radioembolization of Y-90 microsphere, medical staff are exposed to external radiation. In this study, we demonstrated that the use of tungsten shielding device devices significantly reduced the amount of bremsstrahlung radiation. Y-90 microsphere tungsten shielding device can be highly effective in reducing the bremsstrahlung radiation.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 1989

These experiments were carried out to study the factors affecting quality and textural characteristics in the preparation of artificial gluten meat (AGM). Effects of heating temperature and heating time on properties of AGM and sensory evaluation were summarized as follows: 1. In heating temperature and heating time, the samples cooked at $120^{\circ}C$ more approached to raw beef than samples cooked at $100^{\circ}C$ in L Values. The samples were not affected significantly by heating time, but the sample cooked at $120^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes rather approached to raw beef on textural properties. 2. Results of sensory evaluation. (1) Sensory panelists liked the sample that contained 30% of walnut, 100% of water, and cooked at $120^{\circ}C$ of heating for 20 minutes, because the sample showed the best color, springiness and chewiness on those conditions. (2) Different formulas of walnut and oil in AGM showed significantly in color and juiciness, and then they liked the sample containing 30% of walnut and 10% of oil. (3) Different formulas of oil and water showed significantly in hardness, juiciness and shear force, and then they liked the sample containing 10% of oil and 100% of water.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 2006

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of wrap color on the quality of round baled grass silage at experimental field of Grassland and Forages Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon from 1997 to 1998. The experiment was consist of randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were three wrap color(white, black and light green). Wrap color did not affect chemical composition. Fiber components(ADF and NDF) of all silages after 2 months were higher than those of forages at ensiling. Among tested wrap colors, white color wrap resulted in lower pH than others (p<0.05) but, there was no significant difference between black and light green color. Dry matter content of light green color was the highest among warp colors, but there was no signifiant difference (p<0.05). Acetic and butyric acid contents of all plots. were not found significant difference among wrap color and wrap color did not influence lactic acid and organic acid concentration. The effect of wrap color on the quality grade and DM loss also were not found significant difference. Results of this study indicate that wrap color does not influence the quality of silage.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.108-113
• /
• 2011

Objectives: To determine the effect of the spectral output of single and dual-peak light emitting diode (LED) curing lights on the microhardness and color stability of commercial resin composites formulated with camphorquinone and alternative photoinitiators in combination. Materials and Methods: Three light-polymerized resin composites (Z100 (3M ESPE), Tetric Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Aelite LS Posterior (Bisco)) with different photoinitiator systems were used. The resin composites were packed into a Teflon mold (8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) on a cover glass. After packing the composites, they were light cured with single-peak and dual-peak LEDs. The Knoop microhardness (KHN) and color difference (${\Delta}E$) for 30 days were measured. The data was analyzed statistically using a student's t-test (p < 0.05). Results: All resin composites showed improved microhardness when a third-generation dual-peak LED light was used. The color stability was also higher for all resin composites with dual-peak LEDs. However, there was a significant difference only for Aelite LS Posterior. Conclusions: The dual-peak LEDs have a beneficial effect on the microhardness and color stability of resin composites formulated with a combination of camphorquinone and alternative photoinitiators.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.618-626
• /
• 2014

The physicochemical characteristics and consumer perceptions of two Fuji cultivars (Fuji and Royal Fuji) with six different size groups (3D: 30~39, 4D: 40~49, 5D: 50~59, 6D: 60~69, 7D: 70~79, and 8D: 80~89 apples/15 kg) were investigated to identify the ideal size and the drivers of consumer acceptability of apples. For the physicochemical characteristics, the weight, volume, specific volume, L, a, and b colors, hardness, pH, acidity, and brix of apples were measured. A total of 100 consumers were asked to mark the intensity of the characteristics (size, redness, glossiness, surface roughness, apple odor, apple flavor, sweetness, sourness, hardness, crunchiness, and toughness) to determine the ideal characteristics of apples before they were asked to taste the apple products. The consumers evaluated the apple samples in terms of their appearance, odor, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability; the consumers' intent to purchase such apples and willingness to pay for them; and the intensity of the aforementioned characteristics. Compared to the ideal characteristics of apples, the actual apple samples were rated low in their apple odor, apple flavor, acidity, sweetness, hardness, and crispness. The ideal size of the apples was between 4D and 5D. Their overall acceptability was highly affected by their flavor, followed by their texture, odor, and appearance. The acceptability of the appearance was highly correlated with the glossiness (r = 0.80), volume, weight, redness (r = 0.73), and size (r = 0.72). The consumer acceptability of the apples increased with the decreased pH and the increased Brix, hardness, and color b values of the peeled apples. The apple flavor, sweetness, hardness, crispiness, juiciness, and toughness during mastication were noted as sensory drivers of consumer acceptability.

• Proceedings of the Korea Database Society Conference
• /
• 1997.10a
• /
• pp.463-471
• /
• 1997

비디오 데이타는 다양하고 방대한 양의 의미를 포함하고 있어 효율적인 내용기반 검색을 지원하기 위해서는 비디오 데이타를 기술하는 구조적이고 체계화된 형태의 메타데이타가 요구된다. 이러한 메타데이타는 검색 시 색인과 같은 역할을 수행하게 되므로 내용 기반검색의 가장 기본적이고 필수적인 데이타이다. 본 논문에서는 뉴스 응용 분야(News On Demand：NOD)를 적용한 비디오 데이터베이스 시스템의 효율적인 내용 기반 검색을 위한 메타데이타를 분류하고, Rambaugh의 OMT기법을 이용하여 메타데이타를 모델링한 후 질의 유형에 따라 모델의 접근 경로를 검사하여 모델을 검증하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.32-73
• /
• 1991

The purpose of this study is to find important personal characteristics that affect search process and outcome, and to formulate causal models about searching behavior, by examining the channels and the magnitude of the factors identified. The study was designed to conduct a quasi-experiment with 67 student subjects. A total of 29 elements concerned with aptitude, personality, formal education, effectiveness of online training, search process, and search outcome are measured and reduced to 9 variables. 12 hypotheses were tested statistically and path analysis was done to investigate causal relationship among variables. Finally 5 models were formulated.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2005.05a
• /
• pp.35-38
• /
• 2005

1998년 XML 문서 표준이 제안된 이래, 다양한 응용 분야에서 XML은 데이터를 표현하는 표준으로 자리잡아 가고 있다. 특히, 인터넷상의 많은 데이터들이 XML 형태로 작성되고 변환됨에 따라 다량의 XML 데이터가 생성되고 있다. 따라서 현재 XML 문서의 저장 및 질의 처리 기법의 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 하지만 기존의 연구는 대용량 XML 문서를 다루기에는 미흡한 점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 인터넷상의 널리 퍼져있는 방대하고, 다양한 구조의 XML문서들을 대상으로 패스 기반 질의를 빠르게 처리할 수 있는 검색 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 인터넷상에 산재해 있는 여러 XML 문서를 관계형 데이터베이스에 효율적으로 저장하고 질의를 통해 인터넷상 XML 문서의 엘리먼트를 빠르게 검색하는데 주안점을 둔다. 먼저, XML 문서를 관계형 데이터베이스에 효율적으로 저장하는 계층형 XML 저장 기법을 제안하고, 정보 검색 시스템에서 많이 사용하는 역 인덱스를 사용하여 저장된 XML 문서에 대한 검색 성능을 향상시킨다.