• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.234-246
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• 2007

The combination of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine is one of the safest and most commonly used drug regimens for sedating young, uncooperative pediatric dental patients. Midazolam IM or IN and $N_2O/O_2$ inhalation is sometimes administered with chloral hydrate and hydroxyzinecombination when deeper and longer sedation is needed. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome and safety of chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine and $N_2O/O_2$ in the sedation of a large number of uncooperative pediatric dental patients and to identify variables associated with their effectiveness. In a nine-month retrospective study, 171 records of sedation performed in 94 healthy children(male 46, female 48) with mean age of $30{\pm}8$ months were reviewed. The authors analyzed several variables such as age, sex, weight, methods of drug delivery, waiting time after drug delivery, treatment rendered, treatment time, adverse events, sedation outcome. Eighty five percent of sedation had success behavioral outcome. Sedation sessions rated success used more $N_2O/O_2$ administration and had longer treatment duration than sedation sessions rated failure. A children patient under 36 months of age had enough sleep by only oral administration and the mean waiting time of this case was significantly shorter than that of a children patient over 36 months of age. There was a clear correlation between age and $N_2O/O_2$ using tine, but no correlation between weight and $N_2O/O_2$ using time. There was no statistically significant difference among variables of treatment duration, $N_2O/O_2$ administration and adverse event.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1089-1094
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• 2003

Purpose : Polyethylene glycol(PEG) with electrolytes has been used for intestinal clearance for colonoscopy and operations in children. But its efficacy and safety for disimpaction in children with chronic functional constipation has been studied little. Methods : This study enrolled 26 patients with chronic functional constipation(11 children had failed to disimpaction by conventional management at OPD) who were admitted to the Eul-Ji Hospital between May 2000 and July 2003. PEG with electrolytes was administered per oral and/or rectal enema. We observed the effects for disimpaction by measuring the frequency and consistency of stools, and by simple abdominal X-ray. We evaluated the safety by measuring serum electrolytes and osmolarity in three hours after PEG with electrolytes administration, and by observation of the clinical status of the patients. The protocol of PEG with electrolytes was a dose of 60-80 mL/kg within three hours per oral and/or of 15-25 mL/kg by rectal enema. Results : In all patients, simple abdominal X-ray films showed improvements of fecal impaction. Consistency and frequency of stool were improved in all patients except one. As for side effects, diarrhea developed in three patients(11.5% of all patients). Headaches developed in one patient(3.8% of all patients) but it improved without treatment. Serum electrolytes was checked in 16 patients after PEG with electrolytes management and mild hypernatremia(146 mmol/L) was checked in one patient. Serum osmolarity was checked in 11 patients after PEG with electrolytes management and was normal in all patients. Conclusion : PEG with electrolytes was effective and safe for disimpaction in children with chronic functional constipation, including patients who had failed in disimpaction by conventional management.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.683-689
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• 1995

임상적으로 건강한 New Zealand White 종인 수컷 토끼에서 항생제 norfloxacin(NFX)의 체내 동태를 조사하기 위하여 체중 kg당 5mg을 정맥 및 경구 투여하였다. 그 결과 빠른 분포기와 소실기를 갖는 2-콤파트먼트 모델 양상으로 나타났다. 혈장에서의 약물분석은 HPLC로 실시하였는데, 이동상은 acetonitrile/0.01M phosphate buffer/ 10% citric acid 1mM heptane sulfonic acid(10/70/20)이었고, 흡수 파장은 274nm에서 실시하였다. 정맥 투여후, 생물학적 반감기는 3.14시간으로 나타났으며, 분포반감기는 0.38시간으로 빠른 분포를 보여주었다. 최고 혈중농도는 $24.27{\mu}g/ml$로 계산되었으며 청소율은 0.68ml/kg/h로 분석되었다. 경구 투여후, 최고 혈중 농도와 최고 혈중 도달 시간은 $0.86{\mu}g/ml$과 0.43시간으로 각각 계산되었다. 이때의 생물학적 반감기는 3.61시간으로 정맥 투여시와 유의성 있는 차이는 없었으며, 흡수 반감기는 0.17시간으로 빠른 흡수를 보여주었다. 생체이용율은 30%로 나타났으며, 0.2-1.6g/ml인 치료혈중 농도 범위에서 혈장 결합율은 26%로 나타나, 토끼에서 항생요법은 구강 투여시 초기 투여량은 2.71mg/kg이며, 유지 투여량은 12시간마다 2.54mg/kg이 적당한 것으로 분석되었다.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2000

We investigated anti-diabetic effect of the crude extracts and lectin purified from the leaves of Viscum album collected in Mt. Duk Yu. The induction of diabetes mellitus was confirmed by the presence of statistically significant greater serum glucose levels in strptozotocin-treated rats compared with the untreated non-diabetic group. There are no significant differences in the serum glucose levels compared extracts and purified lectin to tap water in the non-diabetic group after administration through the oral cavity in 29 day. But for streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats the serum glucose level in extracts after administration through the oral cavity was strikely decreased to 36% than tap water in 29 day. Significantly lower glucose level was obtained at 2 hr and 4 hr after administration of purified lectin(0.4 mg/kg) through the peritoneal cavity. These results provide an evidence that Viscum album lectin has an andti-diabetic effect pharmacologically.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1976.06a
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• pp.90.2-90
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• 1976

The esophageal stricture after ingestion of caustic agent can be prevented with adequate procedure and management, but if unfortunately developed a stricture, it was treated with various kinds of bougie; peroral esophagoscopic bougienage, Hurst or Maloney type weigted bougie, endless bougienage, retrograde esophageal bougienage and an open surgery. Recently the authors experienced two cases of severe esophageal sreicture after ingestion of acetic acid, which were treated by endless bougination with good results.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.579-588
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• 1999

Monitoring of patients is essential in assuring the safety of sedation in the dental office. The purpose of this study was to explore the utilization and preferences of sedation, utilization of monitoring methods, and the preparation for emergencies during sedation. Members of the Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry were surveyed(n=245) from 1998. 10. 1 to 1998. 12. 20 to establish current trends in the use of sedation practices and monitoring methods in Korea. Findings of the survey include: 1. Twenty nine percent of pediatric dentists use sedative agents in their practices. Seventy one percent of pediatric dentists do not use any sedative agents in their practices 2. Thirty nine percent of pediatric dentists who use sedative agents do so without monitoring devices 3. Nitrous oxide inhalation sedation was the most frequently utilized sedation method by pediatric dentists and chloral hydrate was the most frequently utilized sedative by pediatric dentists. Pulse oximeter was the most frequently utilized monitoring method during sedation in dental office. 4. Only twenty eight percent of pediatric dentists obtain the informed consent of the child's legal guardian. 5. Only sixty percent of pediatric dentists prepare for emergencies during sedation.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2004

Purpose: We reported our preliminary result in 2001. At that time, the follow-up period was too short to evaluate the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer without serosal invasion. Therefore, we followed those patients for 66 months to determine the long-term effects of adjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the recurrence pattern, the survival rate, and the disease-specific survival of 135 patients by reviewing their medical records and calling the patients or their relatives. All enrolled patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis of efficacy. Results: The follow-up rate was $89.6\%$ (121/135), and the median follow-up duration was 66 months. Among the 135 patients, 4 relapsed in group 1 (5-FU+cisplatin), 7 in group 2 (mitomycin C+oral 5-FU), and 6 in group 3 (oral 5-FU only). The overall survival rate was $89\%$ in group 1, $84\%$ in group 2, and $82\%$ in group 3. There were no differences in the overall survival rates and the disease-specific survival rates among the three groups. Conclusion: Oral chemotherapeutic agents have an acceptable effect for adjuvant chemotherapy compared with intravenous agent. However, a large-scale, prospective, randomized study, including a control group, is needed for an exact evaluation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.201-205
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• 2001

For evaluating the effect of triple therapy on eradication of gastric Helicobacter species infection in dogs, 7 dogs that had naturally acquired Helicobacter spp. infections were administered amoxicillin, metronidazole and omeparazole orally for 14 days. Changes of infection state were determined by urease test for gastric biopsies and Helicobacter specific PCR analysis for gastric biopsies and fecal samples at 7, 14 days after triple therapy and 30 days after cessation of triple therapy. Although negative results for urease test were obtained 6 of 7 dogs at 14 days after starting triple therapy, PCR analysis for gastric biopsies and fecal samples showed negative results in 3 and 4 dogs respectively. At 30 days after cessation of triple therapy, all tests showed negative results in 3 dogs. Based on these results, diagnostic tests for detercting Helicobacter spp. infection are recommended in dogs having chronic gastritis sign (usually intermittent vomiting) and triple therapy described in this study can be applied for eradicating the organism if the animals were proved to be infected.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of methylprednisolone pulse therapy in children with IgA nephropathy and Henoch- Sch$\ddot{o}$nlein Purpura (HSP) nephritis combined with proteinuria. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 21 patients who were diagnosed with IgA nephropathy and HSP nephritis based on percutaneous renal biopsy. Of the 21 patients, 15 were diagnosed with IgA nephropathy and 6 were diagnosed with HSP nephritis. They had mild to severe proteinuria at the time of diagnosis or during follow-up. Group 1 (n=7) received methylprednisolone pulse therapy three times every couple of months, and Group 2 (n=14) received oral steroid therapy. The follow-up periods for Group 1 and 2 were 14.0 (9-54) months and 26.5 (14-34) months, respectively. There was no significant difference in the follow-up duration between the two groups. Results: The average age at diagnosis and biopsy was lower in Group 1 compared to Group 2, but it was not significantly different. At admission, all patients in both groups had hematuria and 5 patients (71.4%) of Group 1 and 14 patients (100 %) of Group 2 had proteinuria. Before treatment, there was no significant difference of spot urine protein/creatinine ratio between the two groups. During followup, 7 patients of Group 1 (100%) and 10 patients of Group 2 (71.4%) showed complete improvement of proteinuria and the spot urine protein/creatinine ratio in Group 1 was significantly lower than Group 2. Conclusion: In patients with IgA nephropathy and HSP nephritis with proteinuria, methylprednisolone pulse therapy was more effective than oral steroid therapy in the reduction of proteinuria. To investigate the effects on long-term prognosis, large-scale prospective studies are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.232-238
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to know the effect of Korean medical treatments on prurigo nodularis. Methods : We treated a 9-years-old boy patient with prurigo nodularis with Korean Medicine. After Korean medical treatment for 6 months, we measured the change of nodule and itching. Results & Conclusions : Symptoms of prurigo nodularis were improved remarkably. Nodule was reduced and itching was removed. Thus Korean medical treatments are effective on prurigo nodularis.