• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.428-437
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• 2017

Recently, local government has established a development strategy which takes into account the quality of each area, in order to solve the problems posed by poor development, hindrance of the urban landscape, the limits imposed by relevant laws, etc. However, the number of floors is an important factor which determines the urban landscape, planning density and quality of the external space. This planning factor has a very different effect according to the terrestrial circumstances, number of households, underparking ratio, green space ratio and floor area ratio. Therefore, in this study, a case analysis and case study are conducted and the correlation between each index is clarified. The conclusions of this study are follows. Firstly, flexibility should be ensured by taking into consideration the density indicators, average number of floors, and residential environmental performance measures in related laws and systems. Secondly, it is necessary to develop a wide-area planning method that extends the planning concept from the beginning of planning to neighboring blocks or cities. Thirdly, deregulation measures should be implemented, such as establishing specialized strategies for each region, and regulatory measures for encouraging different types of development.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2014

Nonpoint pollution sources from agricultural activities are a major cause of water quality impairment. A nutrient management program utilizes farm practices that maintain efficient crop production systems and control agricultural nonpoint pollution sources. The objectives of present study were to identify appropriate best management practices (BMPs) according to changes of cropping system of main upland crop for reducing AGNPs loadings and to simulate the effects of the application of the several BMPs scenarios in Saemangeum watershed. The selected BMP scenarios were: 1) to convert naked barley and hulled barley to hairy vetch or chinese milk vetch, 2) to convert red pepper to soybean crop, and 3) to combine two scenarios, converting naked barley and hulled barley to hairy vetch or chinese milk vetch + converting red pepper to soybean crop. As a result of BMPs application, the crop requirement of nitrogen and phosphorus for upland crop reduced nitrogen by 41% and phosphorus by 47% in scenario 1, whereas scenario 2 reduced nitrogen by 30% and phosphorus by 23%. Overall, scenario 3 reduced nitrogen by 72% and phosphorus by 70% in agricultural non-point pollution sources associated with chemical fertilizer and livestock manure in Saemangeum watershed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2012

This study was conducted to develop new mattress systems with vegetation base materials for protecting stream bank and rapid rehabilitation. Vegetation base materials are primarily compounded with fine soil, organic composts and peat moss as plant fibers, a water retainer and a soil improver. Peat moss can usually provide necessary natural fibers and organic materials in soil. Especially, peat moss can absorb up to 25 times its own weight in water and is therefore valued as a water retainer to prevent drying effect of vegetation base materials which can harm the growth of vegetation in mattresses. Normally mattress systems resist the lateral earth pressures or stream power by their own weight. Therefore, filled materials must have suitable weight, compressive strength and durability to resist the loading, as well as the effects of water and weathering. In this project, 100 to 200-mm clean, hard stones were basically specified, and about 50-mm rubbles were also used. Test application of new mattress system carried out in the stream bank of a small stream in the Gwangreung experimental forest, belonging to Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) in December 16th, 2006. As a result of the monitoring of vegetation coverage of test application plots (each plot size is 4 by 2 m), the coverage of all plots reached 100% in the end of May, 2007 (approximately 50 days passed after the first gemination of vegetation). The coverage of the plots using big hard stones and organic composts and the plots containing peat moss increased more rapidly. The results show that peat moss is effective to retain soil moisture and establish more sound environment for vegetation gemination.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2019

There are beautiful scenery with columnar jointing at 15 valley of southern slope of the Wangtian'e volcano in Mt. Baekdu volcanic field. The compositions of phenocryst minerals which have porphyritic textures in mafic volcanic rocks of this area were carried out. The Wangtian'e volcano consists of Changbai basalt~trachybasalt (lower part) and Wangtian'e basaltic trachyandesite~trachyte~alkali rhyolite (upper part). This study is focused on the mafic rocks of the Changbai trachybsalt and the Wangtian'e basaltic trachyandesite. Main phenocrysts are feldspar, pyroxene and olivine. The major element compositions of the phenocrysts were analyzed using EPMA. Plagioclase phenocrysts of the Wangtian'e basaltic trachyandesite are located at the border of andesine and oligoclase ($An_{24.1{\sim}36.0}$) in the An-Ab-Or diagram, and those of the Changbai trachybasalt are labradorite ($An_{54.2{\sim}65.2}$). Pyroxene phenocrysts are augite. Olivine phenocrysts of the Changbai trachybsalt are crysolite ($Mg_{0.79-0.77}Fe_{0.21-0.23}$) and microphenocrysts in the groundmass are hyalosiderite ($Mg_{0.58-0.56}Fe_{0.42-0.44}$). Calculated crystallization temperature of olivine phenocrysts is $1196{\sim}1123^{\circ}C$, clinopyroxene is $1122{\sim}1112^{\circ}C$, phenocrysts and laths of plagioclases are $1118{\sim}1107^{\circ}C$ and $1091{\sim}1089^{\circ}C$, respectively. The temperatures suggests that the olivine phenocrysts, clinopyroxene, plagioclase phenocrysts, and plagioclase laths were crystallized in the magma chamber in sequence.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.131-144
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• 2019

The Seosan Geomenyeo(black submerged rocks), once located at the Cheonsuman bay of Buseokmyeon in Seosan, Korea, is a reef rock now exposed on the land surface. The Geomenyeo can also be found in the ancient geographic maps around the area. The local geographic names, like Buseok and Buseoksa temple are derived from the Geomenyeo. It is composed of ultramafic rocks complex and intrusive felsic igneous rocks. These rocks show diverse facies with various petrographic characteristics caused by geological processes such as intrusion and alteration. Ultramafic rocks complex can be roughly categorized as coarse grained ultramafic rocks and medium grained mafic rocks. Both cases are composed of pyroxene and amphibole, showing the general rock facies of pyroxenite, diabase and lamprophyre. Felsic igneous rocks includes pinkish medium grained granite, porphyritic amphibole granite and aplite with varied mineral compositions. The Geomenyeo is the only ultramafic rocks complex in the Cheonsuman Bay; moreover, it has a distinctive geological and scenic value, as well as a symbolic property. In order to preserve the Geomenyeo, it is necessary to investigate and promote it as a designated heritage site through academic studies, and compensate for the convenience and protection facilities. Additionally, the Geomenyeo should be evaluated as a maritime heritage site, due to the unique local culture as it succeeds the recognition of forefathers which regarded it as a local scenic site with significance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.111-118
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• 2011

With increasing interest in health promotion and quality of life, growing attention has been focused on the beneficial effects of urban green area. However, very few evidence-based approaches have been conducted on the health-related benefits of urban greenery. Therefore, this study examined the health-related benefits of green areas using physiological and psychological indices to obtain evidence-based data on these benefits. Twenty male university students were selected as subjects. Data were collected when participants viewed landscapes in a green area or an urban area for fifteen minutes. This research was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of School of Medicine, Chungnam National University. Physiological data in the green area revealed significantly decreased heart rates, significantly increased high-frequency value of heart rate variability, an index of parasympathetic activity, and reduced salivary cortisol concentration, a stress hormone, compared to the urban area. Psychological tests showed the green area significantly reduced the negative mood state and psychological symptoms, and significantly increased the positive mood state. Our data provided evidence for the health-related benefits of green areas, and the findings of this study support that green areas can play a critical role in health promotion for urban residents, by positively affecting autonomic nervous and endocrinal activities.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.169-182
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to assess the urban amenity on physical environmental factors, and to verify the effectiveness of the amenity map using correlation analysis of the environmental quality. The physical environmental factors were set to 4 items of green space, landscape, water environment and land use, and the items were composed of 11 detail factors. Based on the factors, GIS maps were constructed and the amenity map was produced using overlay analysis. The results of this study are as follow; the proportion of 1~2 ranks was 40.8% of total area around Dalseong-gun, Dong-gu, Suseong-gu. The lower 6~7 ranks in the amenity assessment was 5.7% of total area around Jung-gu, Seo-gu, Dalseo-gu. According to the results of correlation analysis between the amenity and environmental observed data, $SO_2$ among the air pollution material had a negative correlation with amenity(r=-0.649, p<0.05). In case of water pollution, TN and TP had the negative correlations with amenity (r=-0.643, P<0.01; r=0.642, p<0.01).

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.444-449
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• 1995

한국형 표준 원자력발전소의 정지냉각운전시 최대냉각율은 75$^{\circ}$F/hr(41.7$^{\circ}C$/hr)로 기술사양서에 규정되어 있다. 정지냉각운전 냉각율에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 2가지 중요한 변수는 정지냉각계통 열교환기를 지나는 원자로냉각재 유량과 기기냉각수의 온도다. 이중 열교환기를 지나는 원자로냉각재 유량은 butterfly형 정지냉각계통 유량조절밸브의 개도에 의하여 조절되는데 개도에 따른 throttle 능력이 중요한 인자다. 또 기기냉각수의 온도는 해수온도의 변화에 따라 편차가 발생하므로 유량조절밸브의 개도와 기기냉각수 온도의 상관관계에 따라 냉각능력이 달라진다. 본 논문에서는 현 울진 3&4호기 정지냉각계통 열 교환기 및 조절밸브 둥의 설비를 기준으로 기술사양서 상의 냉각율 75$^{\circ}$F/hr(41.7$^{\circ}C$/hr) 유지가 가능한 최저 기기냉각수의 온도를 찾아보았고, 아울러 기기냉각수의 온도와 조절밸브의 개도 사이의 관계를 조사하였다. 그 결과 현재의 울진 3&4호기 조절밸브를 최저개도로 조절할 때 약 57$^{\circ}$F(13.9$^{\circ}C$)의 기기냉각수가 공급되어도 냉각율 제한치를 넘지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 한편, 최저조절가능 유량이 약 2000 gpm(7570 l/min)일 경우에는 낮은 기기냉각수가 공급될 경우 최대냉각율을 초과하므로 한 train을 정지시키고 한 train만으로 운전할 것을 고려하여야 할 것으로 보인다. 이 경우 최저 약 56.5$^{\circ}$F(13.6$^{\circ}C$)의 기기냉각수가 공급되어야 한다. 본 논문의 분석결과는 향후 기기설계사양서나 운전지침서 등에 반영되어 실제 발전소 설계 및 운전절차 수립에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.공감대의 형성이 요구된다. 질적 측면에서는 공원 녹지의 기능성의 회복이라는 측면과 시대에 부합되는 새로운 기능 및 가치의 부여가 필요하며, 이를 위해서는 공원의 매력, 공원의 시설기능 증진, 녹지의 질의 향상 및 녹지 가치의 증진에 대한 다양한 시책이 요구된다. 구성적 측면에서는 공원녹지의 개별적 존재보다는 공원 녹지를 상호간 유기적인 계통을 확보하여 공원 녹지의 네트워크를 형성하여 도시 속의 산재된 고립된 섬으로서의 공원 녹지가 아닌 시민생활에 늘 가까이 있는 생활 속의 공원녹지로 재편되어야 한다. 이러한 정책의 의제는 양적 측면에서 보전(CONSERVATION)과 창출(CREATION), 질적 측면에서 쇄신(RENOVATION)과 복구(RESTORATION), 그리고 구성적 측면에서 공원 녹지의 연결(CONNECTION)과 시민 참여에 의한 운동(MOVEMENT)이라는 정책 개념의 구현을 통해 가능하다. 이러한 정책 개념과 의제를 가지고 서울시 공원 녹지 정책을 구체화시키기 위해서 푸르름의 새로운 탄생이라는 기치 아래 풍요로운 서울, 사랑 받는 공원, 생활 속의 녹지의 3대 목표, 공원 녹지의 보전, 잠재 공원 녹지의 창출, 공원의 활성화, 녹지의 복구, 경관 보전 및 복구, 공원 녹지의 네트워크, 도시 녹화의 7대 과제를 설정하고 미시설 공원 녹지 집행, 개발 사업시 공원 녹지의 확보, 환경 녹지의 총량 보호 관리, 도시 소공원 개발, 역사 문화 공원 조성, 하천 공간 복원, 공원 시설 기능 개선, 이용 프로그램 개발, 공원 관리 개선, 환경 피해 녹지의 회복, 도시 환경 림 조성, 녹지 기능 증진, 도시 자연 경관 보전, 공원 녹지체계 구성, 공원 녹지 공급 균형, 주변 환경 녹화, 가로 녹화의 17개 시책을 제안하였다. 이러한 정책사업의 원활한 추진을 위해서는 기존의 관주도의 일방적인 공원 녹지 행정이 아닌 시민의 참여를 통한 시민이 함께 하는 정 책 사업의 추진이 요구되며, 특히 민간 부문의

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.171-178
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• 2020

Amid public's growing interest on garden and more leisure time of modern life-style, there is an effort by the government to utilize forest as public garden. In order to utilize forests as pubic garden, a new concept of "Forest Garden" should be defined and introduced first. Furthermore, introducing a new concept requires academically analyzing values of a new concept before a new concept is widely used. Thus, we aimed to clarify the concept of forest garden by conducting Delphi technique research and factor-analysis of survey results. More specifically, delphi technique research was conducted to extract composition elements and explanation elements of forest garden. Factor analysis was conducted on the top 25 elements and 5 values were extracted as a result. They are form, scenery, ecology, history/cuture and usefulness which are essential values required of forest garden. Forest garden should have all of 5 values and be capable of function as both forest and garden which would also need continuous maintenance. We believe this study is the first one to establish definition of forest garden and more specific and realistic definitions need to be built through continuous research, 000 experiment and on-site evaluation. We also believe that this study will serve as foundation for further efforts in building forest garden in various space and in defining proper concept of forest garden.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.98-109
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify characteristics of spatial structure of Jiangnan water town in China which has been developed along the water channel. Spatial structural characteristics of the water town, Wuzhen and Nanxun in Zhejiang Province are as follows. First, location of town, spatial framework, lot division, and architectural style get determined by the water channel. The water channel is constructed in cross shape, T-shape, or in combination. Secondly, public space of water town is established along main water channel. Visually and functionally alternating private buildings are established on the water channel side and they are creating unique landscape of Jiangnan water town in overall harmony. Thirdly, residential area is established on the east-west water channel side with southward sunny-faced arrangement and waterside residence is in introvert spatial structure with courtyard but the exterior space is connected with water channel intimately. Fourthly, various spatial components along the water channel enrich the sense of place in water town. The components are corridor with roof, tea house, waterside steps, waterside theater and watergate etc. Uniqueness of place is becoming the core competence in modern townscape. In this aspect, Jiangnan water town with historical and cultural accumulation is suggesting a significant implication. Major implications are as follows. First, promotion of proximity to the water is the basic value that the spatial plan of waterfront needs to pursue. Secondly, mixed use is essential for effective land use and revitalization of waterfront. Thirdly, waterfront plan based on the local uniqueness as the place asset is being required.