• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.236-237
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• 2000

용액인상법에 의하여 Cr$^{3+}$ 이온이 0.1-0.2% 주입된 Alexandrite (Cr$^{3+}$ :BeAl$_2$O$_4$) 단결정을 성장하고, 성장한 단결정을 이용하여 레이저 소자를 제조하였다. 고품질의 단결정을 성장할 수 있는 결정성장조건을 규명하고, Cr$^{3+}$ 이온의 유효편석 계수를 계산하였으며, 결정 결함 및 분광 물성을 조사하였다. 결정성장 실험 결과, 유속 3 1/min의 질소분위기, 이리듐 도가니 및 <001>방위의 Alexandrite 단결정을 종자결정으로 사용하여 결정을 성장하는 경우 최적의 결정성장 조건은 인상속도 0.5-1.0 mm/hr와 회전속도 20-25 rpm이었다. 육성된 결정은 (100)면이 넓게 발달되었으며, (120)과 (010)면이 측면에 발달되는 판상의 직팔각기둥의 형태로 성장되었다. 결정결함으로써 parasite crystal의 형성과 경계면의 균열, striation, inclusion 등이 검출되었다. Alexandrite 단결정 내에 분포하는 Cr$^{3+}$ 이온의 유효편석계수 k$_{eff}$는 2.8로 계산되었다. 분광물성으로써 실온에서의 $^4$A$_2$$\longrightarrow$$^4$T$_2$(689.6-489.3 nm), $^4$A$_2$$\longrightarrow$$^4$T$_1$(489.3-311.33m) 천이에 의한 흡수를 확인하고, $^4$T$_2$$\longrightarrow$$^4$A$_2$(650-800 nm), $^2$E$\longrightarrow$$^4$A$_2$에 의한 nophonon line R$_1$, R$_2$(680.4, 678.5 nm) 및 $^2$T$_1$$\longrightarrow$$^4$A$_2$(655.7, 649.3, 645.2 nm)의 형광방출 스펙트럼을 얻었으며, 형광수명은 0.264 ms로 조사되었다. 제조된 레이저 발진봉은 직경 6.3 m, 길이 45 nm이었다.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.94-100
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• 2000

Many nondestructive test methods used for metallic materials have some limit in application to concrete materials due to their heterogeneity. Impact echo method utilizes the resonance frequency of reflected seismic waves from defects or the boundary between two materials and can be applied to investigate the interior of concrete structures. In this study, a field data acquisition system for the impact echo method was assembled and field tests under various conditions were performed. The impact echo method was applied for investigating thickness/defects/backfilling of concrete structures/tunnel lining/airport pavement. The applicability of the impact echo method to the civil engineering field was substantiated by providing results within $10\%$ errors.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.409-409
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• 2023

하천 수위는 합리적인 수자원의 이용 및 관리를 위해 반드시 필요한 수문 자료이다. 우리나라에서는 수위 측정을 위해 유역 내에 관측소를 설치하여 장비 또는 인력을 통해 수위를 측정하고 있다. 하지만, 많은 관측소를 운영하고 관리하기에는 예산과 인력이 소모되는 한계가 있다. 위성 영상을 통한 시계열 분석은 전지구적 모니터링과 관측 분야에 중요한 역할을 수행할 것으로 기대되고 있으며, 특히 위성 영상자료를 활용한 수자원 분야 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 위성 영상을 활용하여 수면적을 감지하고 수위와 유량을 판별하는 많은 연구가 진행되었지만, 하천 하상의 경사와 단면 형태에 따라 수면적이 변하여 정량적인 수위 추정에는 한계가 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 Sentinel-1의 SAR 영상과 InSAR 기법을 통해 낙동강 유역의 홍수 전후의 하천 수위 변화를 분석하였다. Sentinel-1 IW 모드의 Single Look Complex(SLC) 영상 12장과 ESA 영상 처리 툴인 SNAP을 활용하여 VV(Vertical-Vertical) 데이터의 간섭을 통해 센티미터(cm) 단위지표 변화에 따른 수위 변위를 분석하였다. 위성 영상을 통해 추출한 수위 변위와 계측 수위 및 단면 자료의 정합성을 비교한 결과, 제방과 수체 경계면 식생과 하상 세굴로 인한 오차로 정량적이 수위의 정합성에는 한계가 존재하였지만, 수위의 정량적인 변동성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 수위 변화의 반응속도를 판별할 수 있었다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.9-25
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• 2009

The Northwestern Okcheon Metamorphic Belt in the Chungju area consists of the Munjuri Formation, the Daehyangsan Quartzite, the Hyangsanri Dolomite, and the Gyemyeongsan Formation, but the stratigraphy is still controversial. For a stratigraphic study, detailed stratigraphic sections were measured in two locations and mapping was carried out in the study area. The Munjuri Formation and the Daehyangsan Quartzite changed gradually in north and south section, but bedding parallel faults have developed in the boundary between two formations. The Daehyangsan Quartzite and the Hyangsanri Dolomite are conformable. Fault have developed in boundary between the Hyangsanri Dolomite and the Gyemyeongsan Formation. As a result of mapping in the study area, folding was recognized with $41^{\circ}/280^{\circ}$ plunging axis in the north part of the study area. Therefore, the bedding-parallel faults in the boundary might have occurred resulting from a layer parallel slip during the folding as well as the thrust. These results from this study and previous studies indicate that bedding-parallel faults in boundary between the Munjuri Formation and the Daehyangsan Quartzite are caused by a layer parallel slip during the folding. The fault between the Hyangsanri Dolomite and the Gyemyeongsan Formation is considered as a thrust fault, thereby the uppermost Gyemyeongsan Formation is placed under the Munjuri Formation. However the Gyemyeongsan Formation and the Munjuri Formation have similar age and rock composition. Hence, the Gyemyeongsan Formation is considered as an equivalent one with the Munjuri Formation. Therefore, the stratigraphy of Northwestern Okcheon Metamorphic Belt consists of the Gyemyeongsan/ Munjuri formations, the Daehyangsan Quartzite, and the Hyangsanri Dolomite in ascending order.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.615-623
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• 2010

Seismic refraction survey is a geophysical method that delineates subsurface velocity structure using direct wave and critically refracted wave. The generalized reciprocal method(GRM) is an inversion technique which uses travel-time data from several forward and reverse shots and which can provide the geometry of irregular inclined refractors and structures underlain by hidden layer such as low velocity zone and thin layer. In this study, a simple Excel-GRM routine was tested for fast mapping of the interface between weathering layer and bedrock during the survey, with employing a pair of forward and reverse shots. This routine was proved to control the maximum dip of approximately $30^{\circ}C$ and maximum velocity contrast of 0.6, based on the panel tests in terms of dipping angle and velocity contrast for the two-layer inclined models. In contrast with conventional operation of five to seven shots with sufficient offset distance and indoor data analysis thereafter, this routine was performed in the field shortly after data acquisition. Depth to the bedrock provided by Excel-GRM, during the field survey for Cheongju granite area, correlates well with the elevation of the surface of soft rock from the drill core and SPS logging data. This cost-effective routine developed for quickly delineating the bedrock surface in the field survey will be readily applicable to mapping of weathering zone in narrow zone with small variation of elevation of bedrock.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 1997

With increasing activities for groundwater withdrawal and for the construction of underground cavern in the coastal areas, the seaward flow of groundwater has been disturbed or even reversed, resulting in seawater intrusion in aquifers. This phenomenon would be attributed to the freshwater contamination and the corrosion of steel materials. The hydrogeological and geochemical investigations have performed to characterize the seawater intrusion into the underground caverns located in the coastal area. Assumimg the inland aquifer as unconfined one, we have found out that the theoretical interface of freshwater-seawater is far different from the pathways identified. In the study site, the main pathways of seawater intrusion into the underground cavern are characterized as the sub-horizontal fractures (zones). The seawater intrusion in granitic terrane would depend mainly on the characteristics of conductive fracture system developed along the coastal area.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2010

To understand the deformation behavior of nonwoven geotextiles(NWGT) reinforced soil wall, analyses of load-elongation properties, soil-reinforcement interface friction, laboratory model tests, and field cases throughout literature reviews are being studied in this paper. According to the analyses results, the stiffness and tensile strength of NWGT is increased in proportion to confinement pressures, and the interface shear strength at soil-NWGT appeared to be stronger than soil-geogrid interface. The deformation at the beginning of loading on NWGT reinforced soil wall is larger than geogrid reinforced soil wall, but the wall deformation with NWGT is smaller than the wall of geogrid after passing some loading point in laboratory model tests. Case analysis results have shown that the facing of NWGT reinforced soil wall should be rigid enough to be used as a permanent wall, and NWGT and in-situ poor soil can be used for reinforcement and backfill respectively if the wall is constructed as pre-reinforced soil body and with post-facing that has a full-height rigid concrete.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.85-100
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• 2002

This paper deals with a development of combined seismic methods, based on the application of Televiewer and seismic tomography, for the quantitative assessment of reclaimed body or dam at seashores in our county. The underground structure of reclaimed dam is very complex, mainly due to the unexpected exchange of rock fragments with the marine silty mud in conjunction with S.C.P. (Sand Compaction Pile) foundation, so that for several reasons only the use of Televiewer and seismic tomography for general application might not lead to a desirable resolution. Kinds of upgraded measuring and evaluation techniques for that are needed. For examples, a novel strategy for capturing the returning impulses from the outer side of casing plastic pipe is desired to be developed. For the tomograhy, one should be being more focussed on the study of raw data based on the wave propagation theory. In this paper, it is shown that such multidisciplinary approaches can be, by attempting to compare and jointly interpret the results from two methods, much efficient for understanding the reclaimed dam structure.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.176-181
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• 2003

The magnetic domain walls at the edges of a large patterned and exchanged-biased NiO(10-60 nm)/NiFe(10 nm) bilayers and their motions with applied field were investigated by magnetic force microscopy. Three kinds of domain walls, namely, head-to-head zig-zag and tail-to-tail zig-zag Bloch walls and straight Neel walls were found at specific edges of the unidirectional biased NiO(30 nm)/NiFe(10 nm) bilayer having the exchange biasing field (H$\sub$ex/) of 21 Oe. No walls were observed for the strong exchange-biased bilayer (60 nm NiO, H$\sub$ex/ = 75 Oe), while the amplitude of the zig-zag domain increased with decreasing exchange biasing. This may be explained by mutual restraint between H$\sub$ex/ and the demagnetization field of edge. We similarly investigated the magnetization reversal process, the subsequent motion of the walls and identified the pinning and nucleation sites during reversal.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.53-65
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• 2007

Appropriate representation of hydrologic boundaries in groundwater models is critical to the development of a reliable model. This paper examines how the model predictions are affected by the uncertainty in the conceptualization of the hydrologic boundaries including groundwater divides, streams, and the lower boundaries of the flow system. The problem is analyzed for a study area where a number of field data for model inputs were available. First, a groundwater flow model is constructed and calibrated for the area using the Visual Modflow code. Recharge rate is used for the unknown variable determined through the calibration process. Secondly, a series of sensitivity analyses are conducted to evaluate the effects of model uncertainties embedded in specifying boundary conditions for streams and groundwater divides and specifying lower boundary of the bedrock. Finally, this paper provides some guidelines and discussions on how to deal with such hydrologic boundaries in view of developing a reliable conceptual model for the groundwater flow system of Korea.