• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.6 s.109
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• pp.529-537
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• 2006

Multi-layer PCBs are of ien used In compact microwave circuit design as density of PCB layout is increased. In this paper, the crosstalk between coupled lines connected with vias in a 4-layer PCB is investigated theoretically based on the circiuit-concept approach. Coupled lines connected with vias in a 4-layer PCB are divided into three sections, which are coupled microstrip lines and upper via section, center via section, and lower via and coupled microstrip lines section, respectively. Each section is represented by ABCD matrix. By cascading these three ABCD matrices crosstalk between coupled lines connected with vias in a 4-layer PCB is approximately calculated. The validity of this theoretical approach is verified by comparing the calculated results with the simulated ones using HFSS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.52-54
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• 1997

고주파 유도결합 플라즈마(RFICP)에서 루우프법에 의해 자기장특성을 계측하였다. 자기장 계측은 플라즈마의 거시적 변화를 시간적으로 접근하며, 반도체 프로세스의 관건인 균일하고, 고집적인 분포를 얼마나 교란, 응집하는가를 검증하고, 밀도와의 관계를 비교, 분석하여 방적의 최적화를 규명할 수 있을 것이다. 작은 루우프 안테나($\Phi$:외경 7.5mm)는 RF 자기장의 크기와 방향을 결정하기 위해 방전속에 삽입된다. 자기장의 세기는 전형적으로 입력파워 50 - 500 [W]에 대해 0.1에서 2.5 G 사이로 변화하였다. 사용가스는 아르곤가스(99.9% 고순도)를 사용하였으며, 동작압력은 20 [mTorr] 에서 15 [sccm]까지하였다. 반경방향의 공간분포에서는 아스펙트비(aspect ratio : R/L)를 2로 하여 자기장 분포를 계측하였다. 자기장은 입력파워의존성에 대해서 200 [W]까지 상승하고, 300[W]에서 안정성을 지속한다. 압력에 대한 의존성은 300[W]에서 60 [mTorr]이상 일 때는 플라즈마의 균질한 압력상태를 벗어남을 보인다. 아르곤 가스유량에 대해서는 무거운 중성기체입자가 자기장의 영향을 거의 받지 않기 때문에 일정한 경향이 나타났다. 반경방향의 공간분포 측정에서는 자기장은 RFICP의 대구경 특성에 맞게 전체적으로 일정한 분포를 이루고 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과로부터 고주파유도결합 플라즈마에서의 동작생성, 유지기구등의 파악에 도움이 될 것이다.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 2001

백혈병은 조혈계통의 악성 증식성 질환으로서 현재까지 주로 화학약물요법에 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 화학약물요법은 백혈병 세포를 소멸시킬 수 있지만 또한 인체에 여러 가지 독성 반응 및 부작용을 일으키기도 한다. 따라서 중서의결합으로 백혈병 치료에 접근하는 것은 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 중의학에서 소아 백혈병을 치료하는 경우 청열해독법(淸熱解毒法), 부정보허법(扶正補虛法), 활혈화어법(活血化瘀法)을 주로 사용한다. 청열해독법은 백혈병의 조기치료에 주로 활용되는데, 인체의 저항력을 증강시켜 화학약물요법을 실시하는 동안 흔히 나타날 수 있는 감염증상을 예방하는 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 부정보허법(扶正補虛法)은 주로 화학약물요법의 유도 완화기 및 치료효과의 유지를 위하여 활용되는데, 이는 인체의 면역력을 향상시켜 화학약물요법이 인체에 미치는 손상을 경감시킬 수 있다. 활혈화어법(活血化瘀法)은 미세순환을 개선시키는 작용을 하며 골수의 조혈기능을 촉진하고 면역기능을 조절하며 또한 일부 활혈화어제(活血化瘀劑)는 백혈병 세포에 직접적인 억제효과를 보인다. 소아백혈병에 대하여 화학약물요법을 진행하는 동안 중약을 같이 병행하는 경우 다음과 같은 과정으로 나누어 실시할 수 있다. 1. 유도완화치료(화학요법)단계: 이와 같은 치료과정은 대개 화학약물요법으로 인한 극심한 독성반응이나 주작용을 나타내게 되는데, 이 과정에서 중약치료를 병행하면 신속하게 증상을 개선시킬 수 있다. 만약 구토나 설사와 같은 소화계 부작용이 나타나면 화위강역법(和胃降逆法)을 활용하고, 감염 증상이 나타나면 부정(扶正)과 거사법(祛邪法)을 병행할 수 있다. 화학약물요법을 진행한 후 신체가 극도로 허약해지고 골수의 기능이 심하게 억제되는 경우는 주로 부정(扶正)시키는 중약을 사용하면서 익기양혈제(益氣養血劑)를 곁들이고 보조적으로 단삼(丹蔘), 당귀(當歸), 천궁(川芎), 계혈등(鷄血藤) 등과 같은 활혈화어제(活血化瘀劑)를 사용하여 골수의 조혈기능을 회복시킨다. 2. 치료효과의 유지단계: 본 과정에서는 중약치료에 있어서 부정(扶正)과 거사법(祛邪法)을 병행한다. 화학약물요법을 실시하는 동시에 거사제(祛邪劑)를 중용(重用)함으로써 화학약물요법의 효과를 강화시킨다. 화학약물요법이 끝난 뒤 부정(扶正)시키는 약물을 중용(重用)하여 인체의 면역기능을 증강시키고 백혈병세포를 억제시킨다. 3. 치료효과의 유지 및 강화단계: 치료효과의 유지단계에서는 변증논치(辨證論治)의 원칙에 입각하여 항암효과가 있는 중약을 활용할 수 있는데, 예를 들어 백화사설초(白花蛇舌草), 산자고(山慈?), 청대(靑黛), 용규(龍葵) 등을 사용할 수 있고, 육신환(六神丸)을 장기적으로 복용하여도 된다. 소아백혈병 치료에 있어서 중서의결합의 치료법을 활용하는 경우 다음과 같은 내용에 주안점을 둘 수 있다. 화학약물요법을 진행하는 과정에서 중약을 병행하여 투여하는 경우 사진합삼(四診合參)을 근간으로 종합적인 분석을 통하여 병인(病因)을 살피어 치료에 임하도록 한다. 약물의 선택과 처방의 구성은 반드시 변증논치(辨證論治)의 원칙하에 이루어져야 한다. 화학약물요법과 중약치료를 병행하는 과정에서 변증(辨證)과 변병(辨病)이 서로 결합되고 부정(扶正)과 거사법(祛邪法)을 병행하여 활용한다. 정체관(整體觀)에서 출발하여 환자를 관찰하는 동시에 특징적인 증후(證候)에 대한 변증논치(辨證論治)도 중요하며, 또한 백혈병 환자의 유형(類型)이나 임상 혈액검사 소견, 골수의 양상, 화학요법의 진행단계 및 환자의 연령과 체질 등을 충분히 가만하여 종합적인 분석을 토대로 치료법을 선택하여야 중약요법과 화학약물요법의 협동적인 효과를 증폭시키고 백혈병치료에 새로운 전기를 마련할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 2017

A robust parameter set (ROPS) selection framework for an unsteady flow model was developed by combining Pareto optimums obtained by outcomes of model calibration using multi-site observations with the minimax regret approach (MRA). The multi-site calibration problem which is a multi-objective problem was solved by using an aggregation approach which aggregates the weighted criteria related to different sites into one measure, and then performs a large number of individual optimization runs with different weight combinations to obtain Pareto solutions. Roughness parameter structure which can describe the variation of Manning's n with discharges and sub-reaches was proposed and the related coefficients were optimized as model parameters. By applying the MRA which is a decision criterion, the Pareto solutions were ranked based on the obtained regrets related to each Pareto solution, and the top-rated one due to the lowest aggregated regrets of both calibration and validation was determined as the only ROPS. It was found that the determination of variable roughness and the corresponding standardized RMSEs at the two gauging stations varies considerably depending on the combinations of weights on the two sites. This method can provide the robust parameter set for the multi-site calibration problems in hydrologic and hydraulic models.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.835-842
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• 2018

The so-called sliced average variance estimation (SAVE) is a popular methodology in sufficient dimension reduction literature. SAVE is sensitive to the number of slices in practice. To overcome this, a fused SAVE (FSAVE) is recently proposed by combining the kernel matrices obtained from various numbers of slices. In the paper, we consider practical applications of FSAVE to large p-small n data. For this, near-infrared spectroscopy of biscuit dough data is analyzed. In this case study, the usefulness of FSAVE in high-dimensional data analysis is confirmed by showing that the result by FASVE is superior to existing analysis results.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1029-1038
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• 2014

Bayesian experimental design is a useful concept in applied statistics for the design of efficient experiments especially if prior knowledge in the experiment is available. However, a theoretical or numerical approach is not simple to implement. We review the concept of a Bayesian experiment approach for linear and nonlinear statistical models. We investigate relationships between prior knowledge and optimal design to identify Bayesian experimental design process characteristics. A balanced design is important if we do not have prior knowledge; however, prior knowledge is important in design and expert opinions should reflect an efficient analysis. Care should be taken if we set a small sample size with a vague improper prior since both Bayesian design and non-Bayesian design provide incorrect solutions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.58-58
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• 2016

This study aims to enhance Korea's competitiveness by taking the lead in the international standardization and relevant global market. This is to be achieved by performing the role of First Mover through the resolute investment from Fast Follower that is servile to the decision of the organization in the e-Navigation strategy that has been promoted by the IMO. The study methodology is an integrated approach. It is established by modelling LSCM G2B2C2 Platform in maritime safety/security logistics and applied to the enhancement of maritime safety/security in global LSCM. This paper externally contributes to the reduction of world maritime accidents and exalt the national prestige; internally, the enhancement of the national competitiveness through the improvement of shipping port logistics and others. These eventually contribute to Korea's economic development that is combined by both theory and practice and of practical use of the integrated approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.545-554
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• 2019

This research aims to provide a building area extraction approach over the areas where data acquisition is impossible through field surveying, aerial photography and lidar scanning. Hence, high-resolution satellite images, which have high accessibility over the earth, are utilized for the automated building extraction in this study. 3D point clouds or DSM (Digital Surface Models), derived from the stereo image matching process, provides low quality of building area extraction due to their high level of noises and holes. In this regards, this research proposes a hybrid building area extraction approach which utilizes 3D point clouds (from image matching), and color and linear information (from imagery). First of all, ground and non-ground points are separated from 3D point clouds; then, the initial building hypothesis is extracted from the non-ground points. Secondly, color based building hypothesis is produced by considering the overlapping between the initial building hypothesis and the color segmentation result. Afterwards, line detection and space partitioning results are utilized to acquire the final building areas. The proposed approach shows 98.44% of correctness, 95.05% of completeness, and 1.05m of positional accuracy. Moreover, we see the possibility that the irregular shapes of building areas can be extracted through the proposed approach.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.319-325
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• 2015

High-strength steel has replaced mild steel as the material of choice for truck decks or frames, owing to the growing demand for lightweight vehicles. Although studies on the weld fatigue characteristics of mild steel are available, studies on high-strength steels have been seldom conducted. In this study, firstly, we surveyed a chosen number of approaches and selected the Radaj method, which uses the notch factor approach, as the one suitable for evaluating the fatigue life of commercial vehicles. Secondly, we obtained the S-N curves of HARDOX and ATOS60 steel welds, and the F-N curves of the T-weld and overlapped-weld structures. Thirdly, we acquired a general S-N curve of welded structures made of high-strength steel from the F-N curve, using the notch factor approach. Fourthly, we extracted the weld fatigue characteristics of high-strength steel and incorporated the results in the database of a commercial fatigue program. Finally, we compared the results of the fatigue test and the CAE prediction of the example case, which demonstrated sufficiently good agreement.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.451-459
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• 2016

While an object detection algorithm plays a key role in many computer vision applications, it requires extensive computation to show robustness under varying lightning and geometrical distortions. Recently, some approaches formulate the problem in a classification framework and show improved performances in object recognition. Among them, random fern algorithm drew a lot of attention because of its simple structure and high recognition rates. However, it reveals performance degradation under the illumination changes and noise addition, since it computes patch features based only on pixel intensities. In this paper, we propose a new structure of combined random fern which incorporates depth information into the conventional random fern reflecting 3D structure of the patch. In addition, a new structure of object tracker which exploits the combined random fern is also introduced. Experiments show that the proposed method provides superior performance of object detection under illumination change and noisy condition compared to the conventional methods.