• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 2012

Children usually have varying degree of caries in primary anterior teeth, and treatment planning for each case prescribed by each dentist can also be varied. This survey was conducted to compare the preferred treatment method and restorative materials between general dentists and pediatric dentists in regard to the treatment of primary incisors. The questionnaires, composed of 18 questions were sent to 45 general dentists and 50 pediatric dentists. Among which 30 and 31 questionnaires were retrieved respectively. The collected data were analyzed by rate and the results were as follows: 1. For the teeth with initial caries without cavitation, general dentists showed the tendency to prefer restorative treatment(30%) or observation without any treatment(42%), whereas pediatric dentists prefer preventive treatment(76%). 2. The primary factor in choosing restorative materials by both groups was its manipulativeness. 3. For anterior esthetic restoration, general dentists seldom use the full-coverage restoration(13%) but resin restoration(75%), whereas pediatric dentists frequently used full-coverage crow(64%). 4. In the treatment of dentinal caries, pediatric dentist did not perform the treatment lesser than 2.0 years before the exfoliation (compared to 1.2 years of general dentist). 5. In the treatment of 1 year children, both pediatric and general dentists tend to select preventive procedure as first choice of treatment(84%, 52%). When treating primary incisor caries, it is shown that pediatric dentists are more interested in restorative/preventive treatment than general dentists are.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.637-651
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• 2019

In the event of a major accident such as an explosion in a refinery or a petrochemical plant, it has caused a serious loss of life and property and has had a great impact on the insurance market. In the case of catastrophic incidents occurring in process industries such as refinery and petrochemical plants, only the proximate causes of loss have been drawn and studied from inspectors or claims adjustors responsible for claims of property insurers, incident cause investigators, and national forensic service workers. However, it has not been done well for conducting root cause analysis (RCA) and identifying the factors that contributed to the failure and establishing preventive measures before leading to chemical plant's catastrophic incidents. In this study, the criteria of warning signs on CCPS catastrophic incident waning sign self-assessment tool which was derived through the RCA method and the contribution factor analysis method using the swiss cheese model principle has been reviewed first. Secondly, in order to determine the major incident warning signs in an actual chemical plant, 614 recommendations which have been issued during last the 17 years by loss control engineers of global reinsurers were analyzed. Finally, in order to facilitate the assessment index for catastrophic incident warning signs, the criteria for the catastrophic incident warning sign index at chemical plants were grouped by type and classified into upper category and lower category. Then, a catastrophic incident warning sign index for a chemical plant was developed using the weighted values of each category derived by applying the analytic hierarchy process (pairwise comparison method) through a questionnaire answered by relevant experts of the chemical plant. It is expected that the final 'assessment index for catastrophic incident warning signs' can be utilized by the refinery and petrochemical plant's internal as well as external auditors to assess vulnerability levels related to incident warning signs, and identify the elements of incident warning signs that need to be tracked and managed to prevent the occurrence of serious incidents in the future.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.979-985
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• 1997

Between October 1991 and May 1995, 256 "New Duromedics Valve"(Edward TEKNA Bileaflet Valve) were implanted in 208 adult patients(171 mitral, 82 aortic and 3 tricuspid) with age ranging from 18 years to 70 years(mean 48.2$\pm$ 11.6 years). Postoperative complication rates were 12.2%, but there was none valve related one. Overall early mortality rate were 1.4%(1.6% for MVR, 2.1% for DVR, and none for AVR or TVR) respectively. Follow-up was 99% completed ranging in duration from 2 months to 46 months. There were 6 valve-related late complications(2.9%) with 2 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 2 with cerebral thxomtioembolism, 1 with valve thrombosis and 1 with valve endocarditis. Freedom from these valve-related major complications were 89.9% at 40 months. There were 5 late deaths(2.4%). one of these late deaths was considered valve-related. Overall actuarial survival rates at 40 months were 95.5%, 96.8% for mitral, 97.1% for aortic, 100% for tricuspid, and 92.0% for double valve replacement respectively. Preoperative New York Heart Association functional class were 2.9, and 1.3 in post-operative state. We have been trying to keep the international normalized ratio(INR) with range of 2.5 to 3.0. The INR of 4 patients of 5 with anticoagulant ralated complications was beyond the range. To reduce the rate of anticoagulant related complications, we felt very strongly that the INR should be kept between 2.5 and 3.0. In our cases, there was no structural failure or significant hemolysis in the absence of periprosthetic leak. This experience encourages us to continue using the "New Duromedics Valve".omedics Valve".uot;.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.100-107
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• 2014

We evaluated preventive effects of Suaeda japonica (SJ) and Spergularia marina Griseb (SMG) on the insulin resistance in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. The 10-week old OLETF rats were fed diets containing 3% (w/w) SJ and SMG for 18 weeks. Fasting blood glucose levels in SJ and SMG groups, measured using the oral glucose tolerance test, were lower than that of the control rats. The SMG group showed significantly lower levels of insulin, glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride, and total cholesterol than the control group. In addition, these levels were relatively lower in the SJ group than those in the control rats. The SJ and SMG groups had relatively lower protein levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) p65 in adipose tissue and serine phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in skeletal muscle than the control group. These results suggest that SJ and SMG prevent insulin resistance and SMG in particular reduces blood triglyceride and total cholesterol levels.