• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2001

As stand-missing rate (SMR) of ginseng plants in fields are directly related to the ginseng root rot, the forecasting model for the root rot progress in ginseng fields was developed, using the estimated SMRs by disease incidence (DI) of ginseng seedling in the soil-indexing bioassay and the estimate of DI derived from soil environmental factors or rhizoplane microflora. For fitness analysis of the forecasting model, simple correlation and linear regression between SMRs at different planting ages in fields and their estimates by 3 factors of the model were evaluated.The SMR estimated from the factor of DI in the bioassay had much higher fitness to the SMR observed in fields than that from the factors of soil environments and rhizoplane microflora. The estimated SMRs in young and aged ginseng fields by DI in the bioassay were significantly correlated with the observed SMRs in 3- and 5-year-old ginseng fields, respectively (p=0.01). this implicates that indexing preplanting field soils with the forecasting model using DI in the bioassay can provide an information to determine the suitability of the fields for ginseng cultivation, and that indexing cultivating field soils can be helpful to determine the time of harvesting to reduce further yield loss by root rot in continuous cultivation in the next year.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 1989

The effect of soil physico-chemical properties of pre and post soil preparation and permanent bed period on growth and yield was analysed by two models of annual variation and percent annual change (PAC). 1. Aggregation, porosity, bulk density except moisture were significantly different in each year from preparation to the 6th year while all soil chemical properties except Mg were significantly different in each year. 2. Soil physical properties showed significant simple correlation with yield and negative with the missing plant rate in each year while the electroconductivity ($EC_5$) of the 4th year showed significant correlation with yield. 3. Yield showed significant positive correlation with the variation of aggregation in permanent bed period, and negative with variation and PAC of aggregation of preplanting soil and variation of moisture in permanent bed period. Missing plant rate was negatively correlated with porosity variation of preplanting soil and positively with PAC of aggregation in preplanting soil and of moisture in permanent bed period. 4. According to multiple regression between yield and soil physical properties, porosity of preplanting soil was in the greatest contribution. Among aggregations, the variation in permanent bed period was in the greatest contribution.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.134-136
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• 1994

The effects of soil phosphorus level on seed emergence, seedling mortality, plant and root development of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) were evaluated in a newly planted commercial ginseng garden. Phosphorus levels were increased from 58 ppm to 100, 150 and 200 ppm with triplephosphate (0-45-0). Higher phosphate levels increased, seed emergence and reduced seedling mortality. Root length, diameter, fresh root weight and total leaflet length were not affected by phosphate levels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.66-66
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• 2017

국내 농촌의 인구고령화, 여성화 증가로 인한 농촌노동력 감소 문제를 해결하기 위해 농업기계자동화에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 자동화농업기계 중 자동 이식기의 성능평가 기술을 개발하기 위해 수행되었으며 이를 위해 자동 정식기의 핵심부품인 이식호퍼의 결주율, 이식율, 주간간격, 운동궤적 등을 측정할 수 있는 원형토조 실험장치를 개발하였다. 원형토조 실험장치는 원형토조, 이식호퍼 구동장치, 컨트롤러로 구성되어 있으며 이식호퍼의 회전속도(rpm)를 조절하여 주간간격을 조절할 수 있고 초고속 카메라를 이용하여 이식호퍼의 운동궤적을 측정할 수 있다. 이식작물로 고추, 양배추, 브로콜리의 3종류의 육묘를 이용하여 이식호퍼의 회전속도를 20~60 rpm 구간에서 10 rpm 단위로 속도조건변화를 주고 결주율과 이식율을 측정하였다. 이식호퍼 rpm 속도에 따른 주간거리는 190~560 mm로 나타났다. 각 rpm 단수, 작물별 평균 이식율은 고추육묘가 약 97%, 양배추육묘가 약 94%, 브로콜리육묘가 약 95%로 나타났다. 또한 초고속 카메라를 이용하여 측정한 이식호퍼의 운동궤적을 통해 선진사 제품과 대비하여 차이를 보인 것을 확인하였다. 향후 원형토조 실험장치를 이용해 다양한 작물 및 토양조건에서의 실험 및 토양저항 측정장치 개발을 통해 이식작업 진행중에 호퍼에 걸리는 부하에 대한 성능평가시험을 할 계획이다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.180-183
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• 1985

Percent dormant root and percent missing root were investigated in ginseng (Panax ginseng) plantations and correlated with soil chemical characteristics. Percent dormant root showed no consistency with root age and significant positive correlation with percent missing root in many cases. Percent dormant root showed significant positive correlation with available phosphorus and phosphorus-moisture ratio in soils. Percent missing root showed significant negative correlation with moisture and calcium in soil and positive one with phosphorus - moisture ratio. Above results strongly suggest that excess phosphorus and water stress are the common causes of dormancy and missing of root.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 1980

Root yield, number of missing and diseased plant in each line were investigated in various ginseng farms. Root yield per unit area was negatively correlated to missing percentage. Missing percentage showed significant positive correlation with diseased rate. Among lines yield was significantly different in most fields while missing rate was not, indicating that yield of each line is affected by present shading method but disease occurrence is not. Thus there are two ways of yield increase, shading improvement and disease control.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.274-279
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• 1983

In order to find out the application effect of commercial organic fertilizer on the germination rate of ginseng seed, growth of ginseng plant and changes of the physicochemical properties of soils, a Miwon organic fertilizer, byproduct of amino acid fermentation, was applied to the ginseng nursery bed. The application rates of Miwon organic fertilizer were 0kg-N from organic fertilizer and 30kg-N from wild grass compost per 10a as control(namely 0kg-N/10a), 2.5kg-N and 27.5kg-N/ 10a(2.5kg-N/10a) 5.0kg-N and 25kg-N/10a(5.0kg-N/10a), 10kg-N and 20kg-N/10a(10kg-N/10a), 15kg-N and 15kg-N/10a(15kg-N/10a) respectively, The obtained results are as follows: 1. The germination rate of ginseng seed were better in the plots that received 2.5kg, 5.0kg and 10kg-N/10a as compared with control plot. However no difference was found on germination rate between control and 15kg-N/10a, 2. The higher rate of missing plant was found in the 15kg-N/10a plot that showed poor growth. However control and 10kg-N/10a plot showed similar rate of missing plant. The best result, lower rate of missing plant, was obtained in the order of 5kg-N and 2.5kg-N/10a respectively. 3. The significant heavier ginseng root weight was obtained in 5kg-N/10a and 10kg-N/10a plot. However the root weight was decreased in the order of 2.5kg-N/10a, control, 15kg-N/10a. 4. In the physicochemical changes of soils between control and organic fertilizer treated soil before and after harvesting the increment of pH, C.E.C. and organic matter content along with the rate of organic fertilizer application were found. There were significant correlation between nitrate nitrogen and the rate of organic fertilizer application. 5. In the view points of germination rate, missing rate of plant and yield of ginseng root, it can be stated that the best result could be obtained from the plot that received 10kg-N/10a from Miwon commercial organic fertilizer and 10kg-N/10a from wild grass compost.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.88-88
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• 2017

감자 재배 기계화를 위한 전자동 감자 파종기의 기구적인 개념 설계를 수행하고, 시작기를 제작하였다. 시작기의 성능평가를 통해 기계화에 적합한 감자 재배양식에 대한 연구 필요성이 대두되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 감자 재배 양식에 따른 주요 감자의 생육 사항, 수량성, 상품성 및 품질, 주요 생리 장애등을 측정하여 기계파종 후 재배상의 문제점 파악과 파종 시 기계적인 미비점을 파악하여 개선방안을 마련하는데 있다. 기존의 국내 관행적 감자 재배 작형별 재배방식은 1줄 재배의 경우 재배 형식이 둥근두둑 방식이며, 2줄 재배의 경우 평두둑 방식을 채택하고 있다. 감자 파종기를 이용한 기계화 재배의 경우 평두둑으로 2줄 재배 방법을 채택하였다. 본 연구는 공시품종인 수미를 이용하여 봄 재배 형식으로 강릉 재배단지에서 실시하였다. 감자 파종은 2016년 3월 31일에 실시하였으며, 재배기간 92일을 소요하여 수확은 2016년 6월 30일에 하였다. 기계파종의 경우 두둑형식은 평두둑 2줄 재배양식 흑색비닐(파종구 세절) 파종 방법으로 전자동 기계파종을 실시하였고, 인력 파종의 경우 기계 파종과 동일한 방식으로 인력으로 실시하였다. 기존의 재래적 방식인 관행파종은 두둑형식은 외줄 1줄 흑색비닐(유공) 파종 방법으로 인력파종을 실시하였다. 관행 파종 방법은 이랑사이 75-80cm, 주간거리 20-25cm, 흙덮기 8-12cm로 재식밀도는 5,000-5,300주/10a로 씨감자 160kg/10a 소요하여 파종하였다. 실험 결과 감자 파종방법별 출현율은 기계파종의 경우 79.9-88.4%, 인력파종의 경우 97.9-99.2%로 기계파종에서 인력파종대비 결주율이 10.0-18.5% 정도 발생되었다. 씨감자의 절단 방법은 4절에 비하여 2절에서 양호하였다. 상품 지수의 경우 관행파종을 기준(100)으로 기계 파종(90)과 인력 파종(103)은 4절로 작업한 곳에서 상품성이 높았다. 파종 전 싹틔우기 여부에 따라서는 생육 초기(30일 이전)에는 싹틔운 파종 방법이 양호하였으나, 생육 후기(30일 이후)에는 싹을 틔우지 않은 파종 방법이 양호하였다. 기계 파종을 이용한 4절 씨감자 파종은 부패율이 12.2%로 다른 대비군에 비해 높았다(1.9-7.6%). 수확량(kg/10a)은 기계파종에서 2,748-3,503 kg 으로 관행 3,883 kg 대비 71-90% 수준으로 나타났다. 싹틔우지 않은 감자 4절을 이용한 기계 파종 시 결주율이 18.5%, 부패율 12.2%으로 싹틔운 감자 2절을 이용한 기계 파종으로 할 경우 결주율 10%, 부패율 4.1% 으로 낮출 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.156-161
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• 1982

In ginseng fields, soil organic matter content showed significant positive correlation with soil moisture content and root yield. Soil moisture content showed significant positive correlation with root yield, stem diameter and stem length but significant negative correlation with relative missing plant rate, defoliation and alternalia bright infection. For more than 2 Kg yield per Kan under present cultivation technique, soil moisture appeared to be greater than 17% and organic matter 2%. Many fields (58%) were below this requirement and belong to sand loam and loam soils.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.447-451
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• 2003

When sowing green peas in the autumn, proper seedling stands and growth quantity should be secured before winter begins. Also, for proper acclimatization, injuries caused by low temperatures, frost or high temperatures in the P.E. film during mulching, should be avoided during the regeneration period; that being early spring. The days required for growth in each stage in Yeosu are shorter than those in Naju because Yeosu has high temperatures during the growth period. Furthermore, in Yoesu, it was observed that there were more effective branches as well as effective and attached node positions on the branches. The first pods on the main stems and effective branches were observed to be higher than those in Naju. The number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per pod in Yoesu was greater than for those in Naju and the pod length was longer as well. Considering the missing plant rate, growth, and green pod yield, the optimum sowing date for the green pea was mid-November in both location. The stable acclimatizing date for the green pea was early March when the highest yield can be acquired due to a lot of effective branches and pods per plant and with the lowest missing plant rate and rate of injury in acclimatization.