• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.5
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• pp.1017-1030
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• 2023

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a non-surgical treatment for symptomatic, benign thyroid nodules. This treatment works by heating and destroying the nodule tissue, which results in reduction of its size and alleviation of the symptoms involved. RFA is indicated for nodules which are confirmed to be benign on two or more cytological or histological examinations, and which result in clinical symptoms requiring medical treatment. It is associated with good short-term outcomes on one-year follow-up; however, 20%-30% of the nodules regrow after more than three years. Therefore, on the basis of long-term follow-up, management of regrowth is key to patient care following RFA. Regrowth is more likely to occur in nodules that are large in size prior to RFA, and in those with high or increased vascularity. Recently, new techniques such as hydrodissection, artery-first ablation, and venous ablation have been introduced to inhibit regrowth. In addition, appropriate criteria for additional RFA should be applied to manage regrowth and prolong its therapeutic effects. RFA is essentially an alternative to surgery; therefore, the ultimate goal of this procedure is to avoid surgery permanently, rather than to achieve temporary effects.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.244-252
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• 1998

The thyroid nodules are the most common endocrine disease requiring surgical management. We perfomed a clinical study of 298 cases with thyroid nodules, who were admitted to and operated at the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Gyeong sang National University from January 1987 to April 1997 and the results were summarized as follows: 1) Patients were composed of 214 cases(71.8%) of benign nodule and 84 cases(28.2%) of malignant nodule. Benign and malignant nodules were prevalent in fifth decade. 2) The sex distribution showed a preponderance of females with ratio of 5.88:1 in benign nodule and 11:1 in malignant nodule. 3) The nodules were located in the right lobe(134 cases, 44.9%), the left lobe(121 cases, 40.6%), both lobes(34 cases, 11.4%), and isthmus(8 cases, 2.7%). The possibility of malignancy was higher in the solid rather than cystic lesions. 4) Radioactive iodine scintiscans were perfomed in 273 cases and revealed cold nodules in 237 cases(86.8%), 58 of these cases(24.4%) were malignant. 5) According to the histopathologic classification, benign nodules included follicular adenomas 136 cases(63.5%), adenomatous goiters 67 cases(31.3%), Hurthle cell adenomas 4 cases(1.9%), cysts 3 cases(1.4%) and thyroiditis 4 cases(1.4%). In malignant nodules, papillary carcinomas 72 cases(85.7%), follicular carcinoma 8 cases(9.5%), undifferentiated carcinoma 2 cases(2.4%), medullary carcinoma 1 case(1.2%) and malignant lymphoma 1 case(1.2%). 6) The most commonly performed operative procedure was a lobectomy with isthmusectomy(85.5%) for bengn nodules and a total thyroidectomy(51.2%) for malignant nodules. 7) The rate of complications was higher in the cases with malignant nodules(20.2%) than in the benign cases(0.5%). The recurrence rate was 8.3%(7 cases).

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.146-152
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to review the effectiveness of arthroscopic debridement and tuberoplasty, and to evaluate the clinical and radiologic results of our series for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears in the elderly. Materials and Methods: We reviewed articles that focused on the treatment options and decision making for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears. In particular, we summarized the reported results of arthroscopic debridement and tuberoplasty for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears in the elderly. Among consecutive patients who had arthroscopic tuberoplasty for irreparable massive rotator cuff tears in our series, thirty-two patients available for clinical and radiological evaluation at a mean follow-up of 29 months (range, 13-52 months) were enrolled and reviewed for the analysis. Results: At the last follow-up, the range of active forward flexion increased significantly with excellent pain relief and improvement in the ability to perform the activities of daily living. However, the group with less than 2 mm in preoperative acromiohumeral distance showed inferior postoperative results. Conclusion: Arthroscopic tuberoplasty may be an alternative option in irreparable massive rotator cuff tears for pain relief and improvement of range of motion. However, good results can not be expected if the acromiohumeral distance is less than 2 mm preoperatively and decreases postoperatively, or when the preoperative range of motion is less than $90^{\circ}$ on flexion and abduction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.3
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• pp.530-548
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• 2020

Thyroid radiology practice is a medical practice in which thyroid diseases are diagnosed using imaging modality and treated by imaging-based interventional techniques, and the primary care target is thyroid nodular disease. Diagnosis of thyroid nodules is primarily done by ultrasound imaging and biopsy; thyroid nodules can be treated by non-surgical interventional treatment and thyroidectomy. Ethanol ablation is the first-line treatment for cystic benign nodules, and radiofrequency ablation is used for the treatment of benign solid nodules and recurrent thyroid cancers. Thyroid radiology practice has an essential clinical role in diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment of thyroid nodular diseases, and treatment should be performed based on standard care guidelines for proper patient care. In order to provide the best care to patients with thyroid nodular disease, it is desirable to treat patients in the radiology outpatient clinic. Thyroid radiology practice centered on outpatient clinic practice needs to be expanded.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2002

Purpose : To review the operative results and find out better method of a treatment of suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome caused by ganglion. Materials and Methods : From March of 1996 to May of 2001, thirteen cases of suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome caused by ganglion were reviewed which were diagnosed using physical examination, EMG and MRI. All of them were treated with open exision of ganglion, nerve decompression and arthroscopic examination. The clinical results were evaluated using subjective recovery of muscle power and ASES (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons) score. Results : Nine cases (69$\%$) showed residual symptom such as intermittent pain, insufficient recovery of muscle power, persistent muscle atrophy. Complete recovery in four cases (31$\%$). Mean value of ASES score was 86.4 (70-99.8) points. Postopertively, pain was relieved in 84$\%$ of patients and muscle power was improved in 53$\%$ of the patients but the atrophy persisted. Conclusions : Excision of ganglion is insuffient to relieve the nerve entrapment. Not only excision of ganglion but also treatment of intraarticular lesion, decompression of suprascapular and spinoglenoid notch which attributable to entrapment should be considered for the better clinical results.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.212-216
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• 2003

A Common peroneal nerve palsy caused by ganglionic cyst is very rare condition but well recognised entities. There have been three previous reports describing the magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings of peroneal nerve entrapment due to a ganglionic cyst. Ultrasonography, MRI, and electromyography (EMG), nerve conduction velocity (NCV), and microscopic examination were taken for diagnosis. A tubular structure near the fibular neck extending longitudinally over several slices with an inferior extension towards the superior tibiofibular joint with high T2 signal intensity was characteristic. The peroneal nerve was exposed and the ganglionic cyst was excised. The nerve was paralysed immediately after operation, but at 4 month after operation, started recovery of the function gradually and has recovered completely at 7 month. MRI is helpful to detect the extent, location, and origin of the cyst. Meticulous surgical excision can provide favorable result.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.748-753
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• 2003

Background: The pulmonary nodules (PN), when indicated, need thoracoscopic resection, especially in cases of non-diagnostic or technically infeasible PCNA (percutaneous needle aspiration). In the difficult situations of small or deeply seated PN, several techniques facilitating thoracoscopy have been used for detecting them. Our new protocol for managing PN was developed and prospectively reviewed. Material and Method: In the procedure of PCNA, we firstly placed the tip of the needle in the center of, or just in contact with PN under CT guidance, and loaded one or two segments of platinum radiomarker inside the needle after removing the stylet. Then, we forced the radiomarker to move to the tip of the needle by pushing the stylet. Finally, if the tip of the needle was not within PN, it was reoriented to the their center to obtain the sample for PCNA. Result: Between May 1999 and May 2000, radiomarkers were successfully placed in 28 PN of 26 patients, with the exception of one. In 18 (85%) of 21 nodules needing throacoscopy, intraoperative fluoroscopy was used to detect them or guide stapling resection during thoracoscopy. Conclusion: The advantages of this technique are that there is that there is no need for further localization for thoracoscopy even in cases of unsuccessful PCNA, and it was more effective in respect to both cost and time. Therefore, this strategy for PN expecting thoracoscopy will be helpful to patients and medical staff alike.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1987.05a
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• pp.23.1-23
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• 1987

1985년 1월부터 1986년 12월까지 전북의대 부속병원 이비인후과에 입원하여 수술치료를 받은 34예의 갑상선 결절을 가진 환자를 대상으로 임상분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 34례중 32례(94.1%)가 양성, 그리고 2례(5.9%)가 악성 결절이었다. 2) 성비는 33 : 1로 여성에서 월등히 많았다. 3) 20-40대가 25명(73.5%)였고, 40대가 11명(32.4%)로 가장 많았다. 4) 이병기간은 3개월 이내가 14명(41.1%)으로 가장 많았다. 5) 임상증상에서 결절 촉진 34례(100%), 피로감 6례(18%) 심계항진 5례(15%)순이었다. 6) 발생부위에서는 우엽 21례(62%), 좌엽 10례(29%), 양엽 2례(6%) isthmus 1례(3%)순이었다. 7) $I^{131}$섭취검사에서 73.9%가 정상범위였으며, 갑상선주사소견에서는 cold결절이 91.3%였다. 8) 병리조직학적 분류를 보면 양성에서는 adenema 24례(75%), adenomatous goiter 5례(16%), cyst 3례(9%)순이었고 악성 2례는 papillary earcinoma 였다. 9) 수술방법은 일측성 편엽절제술이 22례(64.7%)로 가장 많았다. 10) 수술후 합병증은 경도의 출혈이 5례(14.7%)였고, 다음이 일시적 사성 3례(8.8%)이었다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.140-145
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• 2007

Pigmented villonodular synovitis(PVNS) is a benign proliferative lesion, involving synovial tissue in joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae. Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a rare and usually monoarticular condition and primarily affects the knee joint and hand. Polyarticular PVNS appears in less than 1% of all case and its occurrence in the shoulder is rare(<2%). We present a 64-year-old male who had pigmented villonodular synovitis of both shoulder joints, which was treated by arthroscopic total synovectomy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.408-412
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• 1999

Since sclerosing hemangioma of the lung was first described by Liebow and Hubbell in 1956, there have been several reports on cases occurring as a solitary nodule; however, sclerosing hemangiomas occurring as multiple nodules are extremely rare. The histogenesis of this tumor remains controversial and there are several hypotheses of the etiology. Three separate nodules were found in a 57-year-old housewife, one found in the right middle lobe, one in the apicoposterior segment of the left upper lobe, and one in the superior segment of the left lower lobe. The only symptom or sign presented was a dry cough. Apicoposterior segmentectomy of the left upper lobe and wedge resection of the superior segment of the left lower lobe were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the postoperative 15th day.