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Clinical Approach for Thyroid Radiofrequency Ablation

갑상선 고주파 절제술을 위한 임상진료

  • Jung Suk Sim (Department of Radiology, Withsim Clinic)
  • 심정석 (위드심의원 영상의학과)
  • Received : 2023.07.27
  • Accepted : 2023.08.18
  • Published : 2023.09.01

Abstract

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a non-surgical treatment for symptomatic, benign thyroid nodules. This treatment works by heating and destroying the nodule tissue, which results in reduction of its size and alleviation of the symptoms involved. RFA is indicated for nodules which are confirmed to be benign on two or more cytological or histological examinations, and which result in clinical symptoms requiring medical treatment. It is associated with good short-term outcomes on one-year follow-up; however, 20%-30% of the nodules regrow after more than three years. Therefore, on the basis of long-term follow-up, management of regrowth is key to patient care following RFA. Regrowth is more likely to occur in nodules that are large in size prior to RFA, and in those with high or increased vascularity. Recently, new techniques such as hydrodissection, artery-first ablation, and venous ablation have been introduced to inhibit regrowth. In addition, appropriate criteria for additional RFA should be applied to manage regrowth and prolong its therapeutic effects. RFA is essentially an alternative to surgery; therefore, the ultimate goal of this procedure is to avoid surgery permanently, rather than to achieve temporary effects.

증상이 있는 양성 갑상선결절의 비수술적 치료법인 고주파 절제술은 결절 조직을 열로 소작하여 부피를 감소시키고, 이로 인해 증상의 완화와 외견상 문제를 해결한다. 고주파절제술의 적응증은 2회 이상 세포/조직검사로 양성이 확인된 결절에서 의학적 치료가 필요한 주관적 또는 외견상의 임상증상이 있는 경우이다. 고주파 절제술은 1년의 단기 추적에서 매우 양호한 성적을 보이지만 3년 이상의 장기 추적에서는 20%-30% 결절의 재성장이 발생한다. 따라서 장기 추적을 전제로 하는 고주파절제술 후 환자 관리에서는 재성장을 관리하는 것이 핵심이다. 재성장은 치료 전 결절부피가 큰 경우, 혈관성이 높거나 증가하는 경우 잘 발생하며, 최근에는 수분 박리(hydrodissection), 동맥우선소작법, 정맥소작법등 새로운 기술들이 도입되어 재성장을 억제하고 있다. 또한 적절한 기준을 적용하여 재치료를 하는 것이 재성장을 관리하고 치료 효과를 오래 지속시키는데 중요하다. 고주파 절제술은 근본적으로 수술의 대안이므로 일시적 효과를 거두는 것이 아니라 영구적으로 수술을 회피하도록 하는 것이 궁극적인 목표이다.

Keywords

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