• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.1 s.43
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

This study aimed to analyze the contents of clothing and textile areas in practical arts, technology and home economics, and science of home economics courses, and the degrees of vertical connections among them. Totally 21 textbooks were chosen for this study, which consist of fifth and sixth grade practical arts textbooks(one from each grade), sixteen technology and home economics textbooks(eight from each eighth and tenth grade), and three high school science of home economics textbooks. In order to analyze systematically the degrees of vertical connections, clothing and textile areas were divided into 6 large sections, which were subdivided into 48 specific categories(contents) by content analysis. The method of connection analysis was based on development(constant continuity and sequence), repetition (continuity without considering sequence), gap(sequence without considering the continuity of curriculum), and reduction(the lack of both continuity and sequence). The connection analysis were done in 48 categories separatively. In the sections of clothing attire and clothing management, the most categories(46.1% and 44.5%) were evaluated as having connections of reductions. No category was analyzed as development in the section of clothing planning and the most categories(83.3%) had connections of repetitions. In the clothing material section showed to be the section with the most in-depth and expanded content compared to the previous educational levels, with developed categories of 50%. The most degree of connection in the clothing and textile areas of practical arts, technology and home economics, and science of home economics subjects was the development at 29.2%, followed by repetition at 25%, reduction at 25%, and finally gap at 20.8%. Developed categories were relatively more than repetitive, reduced, or gap contents. However, as the connection between grades was not highly outstanding, it was difficult to say that the connection of the curriculum was adequately distributed according to the school grades.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.353-363
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• 1999

The Cretaceous and the Upper Jurassic strata of the Korean Peninsula, entirely of continental facies, form a sedimentary mega-unit subdivided into three unconformity-bounded units. The lower, Upper Jurassic-early Lower Cretaceous unit (Jasong Synthem) occurs profusely in North Korea and is characterized by volcanic rocks of intermediate to acidic, calc-alkaline to alkaline compositions; but strata of this unit is very rare in South Korea. The middle, Hauterivian-Lower Albian unit occurs commonly in the Korean Peninsula, but some alkalinesubalkaline basalt and andesite occur only in South Korea. A recently obtained U-Pb isochron age about 113.6 Ma (Chang et at, 1998) from the zircon grains of the Kusandong Tuff in the uppermost part of the Haman Formation has thrown much light on the age of this unit. The stratotype of this Hauterivian-L. Albian unit is the Sindong and Hayang Groups of the Kyongsang Basin, where the unit is about twice thick and has more conglomerates than in sedimentary basins in North Korea. The unit shows various sedimentary cycles in different basins showing that the cyclicity is controlled by local crustal motion. The upper, Upper Albian-Upper Cretaceous unit is abundant in South Korea with prolific volcanic rocks which are intermediate to acidic and notably calc-alkaline. In North Korea, however, this unit occurs in only one locality without volcanic rocks and is not voluminous. The distribution of these three unconformity-bounded units shows a stepwise younging toward the Pacific Ocean: the lower unit occurs mainly in N Korea, the middle unit occurs in both N and S Korea, and the upper unit occurs mainly in the southern part of S Korea. The Cretaceous sedimentary basins of S Korea were genetically controlled by paralleling sinistral strike-slip faults parallel to the Pacific margin.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.84-94
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• 1997

This study was done to examine changes of plasma homovanillic acid(HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA), and HVA/5-HIAA ratio during an 8-week clozapine trial and to investigate the relationship between the plasma monoamine metabolites and treatment responses. Twenty-seven chronic schizophrenic patiens were treated for 8 weeks with clozapine. The psychopathology was assessed at baseline just clozapine trial and then every 2 weeks until the end of 8-week clozapine treatment using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression scale(CGI). The plasma HVA and 5-HIAA levels were measured also biweekly using high preformance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection method. Plasma HVA and 5-HIAA levels were significantly decreased during a 8-week clozapine treatment, although plasma HVA/5-HIAA ratio showed no significant change. The changes of plasma HVA levels were in significant correlations with the changes of PANSS positive scores, of general psychophathology scores, and changes of total socres. The changes of plasma 5-HIAA levels were in signfificant correlations with the changes of PANSS negative scores. But the changes of plasma HVA/5-HIAA ratio had no significant correlation with any PANSS subscale score changes. 48% of the patients treated with clozapine was categorized as responders, who showed at least a 20% decrease in PANSS total socre and a CGI severity score of mildly ill or less(${\leq}3$) at the end pint of the study. The baseline plasma HVA levels and HVA/5-HIAA ratio were significantly higher in responders(N=13) than in nonresponders (N=14). But no significant difference in baseline levels of plasma 5-HIAA was found between responders and nonresponders. At the end point of the study, there was significant difference in the change of plasma HVA between responders(40.3% decrement) and nonresponders(3.1% increment). But no signficant differences in the change of plasma 5-HIAA and the change of plasma HVA/5-HIAA ratio between responders and nonresponders were observed. These results suggest that the antipsychotic effect of clozapine on positive symptoms may be associated with dopaminergic blocking activity, and that on negative symptoms may be associated with serotonergic blocking activity. The baseline plasma HVA levels and the change of HVA levels from baseline may be useful predictors of treatment response with clozapine.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2010

Purpose: Despite the rapidly changing healthcare environment, healthcare organizations have recognized the importance of patient safety management. But patient safety management has the problem of the lack of participation of members due to the process of focusing on the follow-up service and punishment. The department of nuclear medicine in Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital started this research to reduce the near miss and prevent patient safety accidents by both initiating the participatory near-miss-proof activities as an advance management and constructing a system without disadvantages of reporting. In addition, this research aims to establish a differentiated patient safety management system in the department of nuclear medicine. Materials and Methods: 1. Colleting cases of team members' past and present near miss and accidents(First data collection). 2. Quantifying the cases of near miss and accidents after identifying the degree of importance and urgency through surveys(Second data collection). 3. Quantifying cases and indentifying important points of contact through data analysis. 4. Making and standardizing a manual for important points of contact, and initiating participatory activities to prevent errors. 5. Activating web-based community for establishing the report system of near miss. 6. Estimating the result of before and after activities through surveys and focus group interviews. Results: 1) Quantified safety accidents and near miss in the department of nuclear medicine. About 50 near misses a month and one safety accident a year. 2) Establishing improvement measurements based on quantified data. About 11 participatory activities, the improvement of process, a manual for standardization. 3) Creating a system of safety culture and high participation rate of team members. Constructing a report system, making a check list and a slogan for safety culture, and establishing assessment index. 4) Activating communities for sharing the information of cases of near misses and accidents. 5) As the result of activities, the rate of near miss occurrence declined by 50% and the safety accident did not happen. Conclusion: The best service in the department of nuclear medicine is to provide patients with safety-guaranteed high-quality examination and cure. This research started from the question, 'what is the most faithful-to-the-basics way to provide the best service for patients?' and team members' common answer for this question was building a system with participation of all members. Building a system through the participatory improvement activities for preventing near miss and creating safety culture resulted in the 50% decline of near miss occurrence and no accident. This is a meaningful result from the perspective of advance management for patient safety. Moreover, this research paved the way for creating a culture to report and admit near miss or accidents by establishing a report system with no disadvantage of reporting. The system which sticks to the basics is the best service for patients and will form a patient safety culture system, which will lead to the customer satisfaction. Therefore, all members of the department of nuclear medicine will develop a differentiated patient safety culture with stabilizing the established system.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.196-202
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• 1999

Purpose : When the mature kidney fails to reach its norml location in the renal fossa, the condition is known as ectopic kidney. Presenting symtoms can be various and it generally depend on the associated anomaly. Beside urologic anomalies such as hydronephrosis and vesicoureteral reflux, various anomalous vascular net work, skeletal anomaly or genital anomaly can be observed in this condition. Methods : Sixteen children with ectopic kidney was studied retrospectively to analyse initial presentation, accompanied anomaly and prognosis. Results : 56% of the children were accompanied with other urologic anomalies such as true incontinence and vesicoureteral reflux that required surgical treatment. 31% of children were either diagnosed incidentally during evaluation of other non-urologic disease or during follow-up evaluation of abnormal antenatal renal sonogram. Conclusion : Ectopic kidney can be often misdiagnosed as tumorous condition or as a surgical condition depend on the abnormal location of the kidney. Careful evaluation using abdominal sonogram, DMSA, VCUG and abdominal CT scan should be performed in order to search for associated anomalous condition and for proper management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2002

For many rears, traffic accident statistics are the most direct measure of safety for a signalized intersection. However it takes more than 2 or 3 yearn to collect certain accident data for adequate sample sizes. And the accident data itself is unreliable because of the difference between accident data recorded and accident that is actually occurred. Therefore, it is rather difficult to evaluate safety for a intersection by using accident data. For these reasons, traffic conflict technique(TCT) was developed as a buick and accurate counter-measure of safety for a intersection. However, the collected conflict data is not always reliable because there is absence of clear criteria for conflict. This study developed objective and accurate conflict criteria, which is shown below based on traffic engineering theory. Frist, the rear-end conflict is regarded, when the following vehicle takes evasive maneuver against the first vehicle within a certain distance, according to car-following theory. Second, lane-change conflict is regarded when the following vehicle takes evasive maneuver against first vehicle which is changing its lane within the minimum stopping distance of the following vehicle. Third, cross and opposing-left turn conflicts are regarded when the vehicle which receives green sign takes evasive maneuver against the vehicle which lost its right-of-way crossing a intersection. As a result of correlation analysis between conflict and accident, it is verified that the suggested conflict criteria in this study ave applicable. And it is proven that estimating safety evaluation for a intersection with conflict data is possible, according to the regression analysis preformed between accident and conflict, EPDO accident and conflict. Adopting the conflict criteria suggested in this study would be both quick and accurate method for diagnosing safety and operational deficiencies and for evaluation improvements at intersections. Further research is required to refine the suggested conflict criteria to extend its application. In addition, it is necessary to develope other types of conflict criteria, not included in this study, in later study.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.348-355
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• 1998

The developments of various processed foods and the high quality dried fruits, in particular, are urgently needed for the enhancement of fruit consumption and their competitive values. Therefore, in this study, three variables by three level factorial design and response surface methodology were used to determine optimum conditions for osmotic dehydration of kiwifruit. The relationships of moisture losses, solid gains, weight reductions, sugar contents, titratable acidities and vitamin C contents depending on changes with temperature, sugar concentration and immersion time were investigated. The moisture loss, solid gain, weight reduction and reduction of moisture content after osmotic dehydration were increased as temperature, sugar concentration and immersion time increased. The effect of concentration was more significant than those of temperature and time on mass transfer. Sugar content was increased by increasing sugar concentration, temperature, immersion time during osmotic dehydration. Titratable acidity and vitamin C content were increased by decreasing temperature, immersion time and increasing concentration during osmotic dehydration. The regression models showed a significant lack of fit (P>0.05) and were highly significant with satisfying values of $R^2$. At the given conditions such as $66{\sim}69%$ moisture content, above $24^{\circ}Brix$ sugar content and more than 23 mg% vitamin C, the optimum condition for osmotic dehydration was $37^{\circ}C,\;55^{\circ}Brix$ and 1.5 hour.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.300-320
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• 2007

정보기술의 발달과 함께 소프트웨어 제품은 모든 산업에 필수요소가 되었고, 품질과 평가에 대한 관심도 점차 증가되고 있다. 하지만 일부 산업에서는 소프트웨어 품질 평가에 대한 사용자들의 만병 통치적 기대, 품질 표준의 부족, 측정을 위한 양질의 데이터 부족, 소프트웨어 분석과 디자인에 대한 공학적 한계로 소프트웨어 품질 평가에 대해 많은 문제점이 지적되고 있다. 국내에서도 의료산업 관련 정보시스템의 오류 및 사용자들의 운영 미숙은 매년 많은 금액의 사회적 비용을 증가시켰고, 병원정보시스템의 품질에 대한 관심을 초래하였다. 특히, 산업적 특성이 강한 병원정보시스템은 성공적 구축을 위해 사용자 중심의 소프트웨어 디자인과 다양한 전문가들의 지식 통합이 필요하며, 정보시스템 품질 측정으로 연구자들과 개발자들의 시스템 설계 혼란을 감소시키는 방법론이 필요하다는 연구들이 등장하고 있다. 대부분의 병원정보시스템이 단편적인 업무처리 위주로 개발 운영되고 있고, 장기적 경영전략이나 임상연구를 위한 분석적 정보처리 기능들은 결여되어 있다. 또한 소프트웨어 재설계나 추가적 개발 에 활용될 수 있는 객관적 품질 기준이 부족하고, 사용자들의 요구사항에 대해 소프트웨어 설계에 있어서 효율적으로 반영되지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 최근 발표된 병원정보시스템 품질 평가에 대한 연구 경향을 종합하고, 품질 평가에 대 해 효율적으로 활용되고 있는 사용성(Usability)을 기준으로 병원산업의 특수성을 포함한 품질 평가 방법과 품질척도를 제안하고자 한다. 국제표준기구(ISO:International Standards Organization)에서는 품질 특성을 기능성, 신뢰성, 사용성, 효율성, 유지 보수성과 이식성의 특성을 제시하고 있다. 특히 Folmer & Bosch(2004)가 정리한 ISO9126에서는 품질의 특성을 배움의 용이성, 운영의 용이성, 이해성과 매력성으로 분류하였고, ISO9241-11는 효과성, 효율성과 만족성으로 분류하였다. 또한 Shackel(1991)은 배움의 용이성(배움과 시간, 기억력), 효과성(오류, 직무시간), 유연성과 마음가짐으로 분류하고 있다(Shackel, 1991). Nielsen(1997)은 배움의 용이성, 기억의 용이성, 오류, 효율성, 만족성으로 분류하고 있고(Nielsen, 1997), Shneiderman(1998)는 효과성(직무시간, 배움의 시간), 효율성(기억의 지속시간, 오류), 만족도를 품질의 특성으로 분류하였다. 이와 같은 소프트웨어의 품질은 소프트웨어 계획, 개발, 성장과 쇠퇴의 모든 과정에 적용되며, 환경적 변화에 따라 사용자들의 정보욕구를 적절하게 반영하여 만족도를 높이 는 것이라고 요약할 수 있다. 그러나 현재까지 소프트웨어 품질 평가에 대한 연구들 은 보편적인 평가 항목들을 대상으로 측정하여 일반적인 품질기준을 제시하고 있고, 유사한 측정 내용들이 중복되어 있다. 이러한 경향은 산업별 특수성이 강한 소프트웨어에 대해서는 정확한 품질측정이 어려웠고, 품질측정에 대한 신뢰성을 떨어뜨리는 계기가 되었다. 이러한 한계를 극복하고자 나타난 방법론이 최종사용자들의 요구사항을 얼마나 적절하게 시스템에 반영했는지에 대한 사용성(Usability) 측정이다. 사용성에 대한 정의는 사용자들이 실질적으로 일하는 장소에서 직접 사용자들의 시스템 운용실태를 파악하여 문제점을 개선하는 것으로 요약할 수 있다. ISO9124-11에서는 사용성을 "어떤 제품이 구체적인 사용자들에 의해 구체적인 목적을 달성하기 위한 구체적인 사용의 맥락에서 효율성, 효과성을 만족함으로 사용될 수 있는 정도"로 정의하고 있다. 지난 10년간 병원정보시스템 평가에 대한 문헌들을 고찰한 결과 품질 측정의 효과는 정보화에 대한 동기유발과 의료품질을 높이는 게기가 되었으며, 질병에 대한 예방효과도 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나 평가에 대한 인식의 문제, 평가 방법의 신뢰성 부족, 평가 지침과 부분적 평가에 따른 인증의 어려움 평가 결과에 대한 확산과 단편적 연구의 한계 등으로 연구결과에 대한 신뢰도와 활용도는 낮은 것으로 조사되었고, HIS에 대한 연구 빈도와 범위 가 매우 미약하였다. 특히, 품질속성은 같은 용어이지만 연구자에 따라 전혀 다른 측정 내용을 제시하고 있어 효율적인 품질 지표를 제시하는데 많은 혼란을 초래하고 있다. 이러한 품질 평가의 경향은 시스템 설계 및 개발자들에게 필요한 사용자들의 구체적이고 독특한 욕구나 병원정보시스템 환경의 특수성 파악에 한계를 보였으며, 평가 범위도 부분적으로 이루어져 전사적 시스템 설계 및 개발에 중요한 자료를 제공하지 못하고 있다. 이러한 문제점과 한계를 극복하고자 ISO와 같은 품질 표준 속성과 컨텍스트(Context)를 중심으로 사용자에 의한 평가 척도의 설정은 구체적이고 실용적이며 신뢰성 있는 평가 방법이 될 것이다.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4 s.46
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• pp.277-288
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• 2005

Perlite, a hydrated volcanic glass, occurs mainly as a bed-like body, and is distributed intermittently along the unconformity surface between the Beomgockri Group and its lower formations, viz. Janggi Group. The perlite is intimately associated with surrounding pumiceous welded tuff and rhyodacites in space and time. Compared to the typical perlite, the perlite is rather silica-poor and impure, and thus, includes lots of phenocrysts and rock fragments. Nearly the perlite is compositionally rather close to a pitchstone than a perlite in water contents. Petrographic comparison between perlite and associated volcanic to volcaniclastic rocks indicates that pumiceous welded tuff and rhyodacite seem to be Protolith of the Perlite. A Zr/$TiO_{2}$-Nb/Y diagram and field occurrence of perlite and their protolithic rocks also conforms the above interpretation. Kn addition, remnant vesicles in perlite strongly reflect that the precursor of perlitic glass appeared to be pumice fragment as well as volcanic glass. The perlite was diagenetically formed by way of a pervasive water-rock interaction at the deposition of the Manghaesan Formation in lacustrine environment. During perlitization, $SiO_{2}$ and alkali tend to be consistently depleted. Preexisting system of the Beomgockri Group based on the perlite formation should be corrected, because the perlite was formed diagenetically without lateral persistence in its occurrence.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2014

The Practice of Landscape Urbanism has been criticized on two aspects; Landscape Urbanism does not yet provide differentiated forms of planning and design neither able to fill the gap between theory and practice. In response to these criticisms, Landscape Urbanists have tried to provide additional cases that can exemplify achievements of Landscape Urbanism in practice. There has been another type of effort to suggest distinct planning and design strategies of Landscape Urbanism from theoretical texts. However, these approaches overlooked the fact that professional practice actually gave huge influence on the theoretical framework of Landscape Urbanism. Based on this observation, the study examined the development process of Landscape Urbanism by verifying the correlation between its practice and theory. Through an extensive literature review, the study suggested horizontality, infrastructure, process, ecology, media, hybrid, site, and scale as eight major concepts of Landscape Urbanism. Afterwards, the study classified 51 projects cited in major essays and articles of Landscape Urbanism into four categories: Archetypal projects, precedent projects, exemplary projects, and progressive projects. The correlation between strategies of the selected projects and main theoretical concepts was analyzed. The study found out that the early stage of the theory was focused on defining and explaining the new design and planning approaches of contemporary design projects related with landscape. However, these days, Landscape Urbanism became a more productive in providing diverse types of practice sharing the direction and vision proposed by the theory. Various projects influenced in constructing theoretical structure of Landscape Urbanism as well as proved that the suggestions of Landscape Urbanism could be effective to reorganize contemporary cites in the form of design and planning strategies. The observation of this study can contribute to provide proper answers to the criticism on practice of Landscape Urbanism and be helpful in understanding the limits and unrealized potentials of Landscape Urbanism as a practical theory.