• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.159-168
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• 1992

To predict eruptive path of maxillary canine, 13 male and 11 female malocclusions were longitudinally studied for 4 years. And to study frequency and distribution of impaction of maxillary canine, 1500 malocclusions were studied. The path, velocity and duration of maxillary canine eruption were determined by periodic angular and linear measurement using periodic orthopantomograms and cephalograms. The following results were obtained. 1. Maxillary canine was erupted with $14.5^{\circ}$ distal tipping from initial stage $98.1^{\circ}$ to final stage $83.6^{\circ}$ of axial inclination on orthopantomogram. 2. Eruptive velocity of maxillary canine was fastest on stage 4, and mean eruptive velocity was 10.5mm per year on stage 4. 3. Eruption of maxillary canine was completed 12 year 5 months in male and 11 years 8 months in female. 4. To predict the duration for eruption completion by position of maxillary canine on cephalogram, regression equation was obtained. 5. Frequency of impaction of maxillary canine was 1.47% in malocclusion and more frequent in male. Distribution of buccal and palatal, right and left impaction was no different, but unilateral impaction was more frequent.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.727-733
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• 1997

Autotransplantation is a procedure which transplants teeth from the original position to other positions in the same individual. It is classified surgical reposition by intraalveolar autotransplantation and transalveolar autotransplantation. The prognosis for successful autotransplantation is dependent on a number of factors such as root development, surgical technique, patient's age, endodontic treatment, time and type of splinting, preservation of periodontal ligament and storage medium. The most important factor is preservation of periodontal ligament. The cause of the failure of transplantation include damage of the transplant during removal from deep palatal malposition, poor regeneration of the bone around the transplant and chronic periodontal infection. In case I, Impacted maxillary canine for which surgical exposure and orthodontic treatment was impossisle was transplanted. After 2 weeks, It showed periapical radiolucency and external root resorption. So, endodontic treatment was done. One year later, permanent filling was done with gutta percha. In case II, Transpositioned maxillary central incisor was transplanted after extraction of impacted mesiodens. Pulp vitality was maintained during 5 months without other clinical symptons.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.18 no.1 s.25
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• pp.25-53
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• 1988

Retraction of canines represents a fundamental stage in a considerable number of orthodontic treatment. Correct position of the canine after retraction is most important for function, stability, and esthetics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress in the periodontal tissue at the initial phase during canine retraction using various types of sectional retraction springs, by finite element method. Three dimensional model of tooth, periodontal ligament, bone and eight springs were simulated and tested. The following results were obtained. 1. In sectional retraction springs, increasing number of helix and the closed loop in preference to the open loop provided an decrease in horizontal force. Without angulating the arms of spring, the T-loop revealed the highest Moment-to-force ratio. 2. The Moment-to-force ratio raised by angulating mesial and distal arms of spring, but very large horizontal force was applied to canine. 3. When optimal force and optimal moment was applied to canine, the stress induced was homogeneous and the difference of stress value from cervix to the apex was little.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 2010

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the timing and sequence of eruption of permanent canine and premolars, and to evaluate tooth calcification stage on emergence in Korean children. Materials and Methods : The sample was comprised of 1,266 children (male 720, female 546) aged from 7-13 years. Tooth eruption and calcification stages were determined through oral and panoramic radiographic examination, respectively. Probit analysis was used to calculate the timing of tooth eruption and tooth calcification stage from these cross-sectional data. Results : In both males and females, eruption occurred around the time when one third of tooth root or more was formed. The sequence was as follows: first premolar, canine, and second premolar in maxilla, and canine, first premolar and second premolar in mandible. Tooth eruption occurred earlier in girls compared with boys, averaging 0.63 years. Conclusions : Eruption sequence is identical in males and females with a trend for females to erupt earlier than males. Tooth eruption becomes earlier over the past decades in Korean children.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2005

Periapical cemental dysplasia(PCD) is a condition most commonly seen in the mandibular incisor region. Radiographically it passes through the three phases(osteolytic stage, intermediate stage, and mature stage). At osteolytic stage, the lesion is similar to features associated with granuloma or cyst that arise following pulpal necrosis. So, it is important to confirm the vitality of the pulp to diagnosis. In this case, it is difficult to confirm the vitality of involved tooth because the tooth was covered with PFG bridge. And it is unusual that the PCD lesion at mandibular incisors has occurred at first and the lesion of mandibular canine and mandibular premolar were occurred afterward.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.6 s.95
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• pp.395-400
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• 2002

This paper outlines the case of a 56 year-old man undertaking treatment by means of luxation and forced eruption of an ankylosed canine. At the time of diagnosis, the ankylosis of the tooth was not suspected, because there were not signs of intrusive luxation nor horizontal diaplacement. Only after the application of a vertical elastic force failed to erupt the maxillary left canine, was the ankylosis of that tooth suspected. At the time of reevaluation, the maxillary left canine hads no physiologic tooth mobility and emitted a sharp, ringing sound upon percussion. Hence, the maxillary left canine was considered ankylosed. The treatment course then changed to the extrusion of the canine through the surgical luxation of the tooth and the prompt application of vertical extrusive forces. The above outcome was successful for the patient not only in the orthodontic aspect, but also in terms of the periodontal considerations

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.3 s.104
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• pp.269-277
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• 2004

A modified removable appliance for molar distalization called C-activator was used in a 10-year old male patient with a Class II anterior deep bite malocclusion with upper arch discrepancy. The treatment plan involved correcting the Class ll relationship, distalizing both upper first molars, and regaining space for the erupting canines. The C-activator, which was used for 6 months, consisted of a labial framework formed from .036-in stainless steel wire and an acrylic monobloc. Both the closed helices of the labial framework were compressed for reactivation during the C-activator treatment period. C-activator mechanics simultaneously achieved distalization of the upper first molars into their proper positions and repositioning of the mandible. After 21 months of treatment, the correct oberbite and overjet was obtained and contributed to an Improvement in facial balance. The treatment results were stable 6 months after debonding. Fabrication and placement of the new appliance and clinical procedures are detailed, and the treatment sequence and results of this case are presented as follows.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.448-452
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• 2003

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is a rare benign odontogenic tumor that mainly occurs at mandibular molar area. Radiography usually shows a well-defined radiolucent area containing various amounts of radiopaque material of irregular size and form. In histiologic aspect, Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma composed of connective tissue characteristic of an ameloblastic fibroma and calcined tissue identifying the tumor as a complex odontoma. Thirteen years two months aged boy of this case visited with chief complaint of delayed eruption of mandibular left canine. After enucleation of lesion, biopsy was done and diagnosed by ameloblastic fibro-odontoma. In continous follow-up check, canine erupted normally after operation.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1976

The author observed the positional relationship of maxillary cuspid to ala-lacrimal duct line in the 594 Koreans(329 male, 265 female) who had relatively normal teeth arrangement, aged 16 to 70. The relationship of ala-lacrimal duct line to the distal angie of maxilly cuspid of the subjects were classified as follows; Type A : Ala-lacrimal duct line was lotated more medially than the distal angle of maxillary cuspid. Type B : Ala-lacrimal duct line coincided with the distal angle of maxillary cuspid. Type C: Ala-lacrimal duct line was located more distally than the distal angle of maxillary cuspid. The occlusal relationship of the maxillary first molar to the mandibular first molar of the subjects were classified as follows; Group I : Group of neutrocclusion relationship. Group II : Group of distocclusion relationship. Group III : Group of mesiocclusion relationship. The obtained results were as follows; 1) The positional relationship of maxillary cuspid to ala-lacrimal duct line were as follows; (Male) Type A: $68.5%{\pm}1.58m%$, Type B: $22.5%{\pm}2.30m%$, Type C: $9.1%{\pm}\1.58m%$ (Female) Type A : $64.5%{\pm}2.94m%$, Type B: $26.5%{\pm}2.71m%$, TypeC: $8.9%{\pm}1.73m%$ 2) Ala-lacrimal duct line located more distally in group II and group III than group I at the point of the positional relationship of upper and lower first molar. 3) Average distance and standard deviation in type A were as follows; (Male) Right: $2.17mm.{\pm}1.01mm.$ Left: $2.27mm.{\pm}1.02mm.$ (Female) Right: $2.06mm.{\pm}0.70mm.$ Left: $2.24mm.{\pm}0.80mm.$ 4) Average distance and standard deviation in type C were as follows; (Male), Right: $1.47mm.{\pm}0.85mm.$ Left: $1.52mm.{\pm}0.97mm.$ (Female) Right: $1.04mm.{\pm}0.44mm.$ Left: $1.26mm.{\pm}0.89mm.$ The results of 3) and 4) had no significant difference between the male and female.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.257-272
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• 2009

This case report describes the treatment of an adult patient with a Class I canine and molar relationship but a convex profile with a retrognathic mandible and marked lip protrusion, as well as an excessive lower anterior facial height and reduced transverse width on both arches due to a nasal airway obstruction. The constricted arches were expanded by surgically-assisted rapid palatal expansion and the application of a Schwarz appliance to the maxilla and mandible. Acceptable facial balance was obtained using contemporary directional force technology with microimplant anchorage (MIA), which provided horizontal and vertical anchorage in the maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth, as well as intrusion and torque control in the maxillary anterior teeth, resulting in a favorable counterclockwise mandibular response. The total treatment period was 29 months and the results were acceptable for 13 months after debonding.