• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.80-84
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• 2001

Purpose : To evaluate the clinical and radiological results of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(PCL) by tibial inlay technique. Materials and Methods : Twenty four patients(25 cases), who underwent reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament by tibial inlay technique and were followed up for at least 2 years, were reviewed retrospectively. Mean age at operation was 35 years and mean period of follow up was 34 months. Clinically Lysholm knee socre, posterior drawer test and step off sign were evaluated. Instrumented posterior laxity test with $Telos^{\circledR}$ device(Telos stress device; Austin & Associates, Inc., Polston, US) was performed. Results : Lysholm knee score was improved from 56.9 points preoperatively to 94.6 points at fellow up. Posterior drawer test showed grade II instability in 1 case, grade III in 18 and Grade IV in 6 preoperatively and improved to grade I In 12, grade II in 10 and grade III in 3 at follow up. Step off signs were changed from -10mm in 6 cases, -5mm in 18 and flush in 1 preoperatively to -5mm in 3, flush in 10 and +5mm in 12 at follow up. Side to side difference of instrumented posterior laxity test was improved front 13.6mm preoperatively to 4.3mm at follow up. Conclusions : PCL reconstruction by tibial inlay technique is considered to be a good treatment method to restore posterior stability of the knee, which could result in satisfactory clinical and radiological results at more than 2 years' follow up.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.302-318
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to study to the effect of presenting SBF questions on the level of conceptual achievement and eye movement of elementary students in seasonal constellation learning that requires systems thinking. In this study, the effectiveness of SBF questions was divided into experimental groups and comparison groups, and scientific texts with different question types were presented to analyze the level of conceptual achievement and differences in eye movement of sixth-grade elementary students. Data analysis quantitatively analyzed the pre- and post-test results of the developed concept test paper and the eye movement data when learning scientific texts related to seasonal constellations. As a result of the study, first, the SBF question was a valid learning strategy for learning seasonal constellations. The SBF question showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the pre- and post-test between groups, and a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in the pre- and post-test within the group. Second, SBF questions had a positive effect on students' learning by inducing learners with low preconceptions to area of interest that help them achieve concepts. In other words, when presenting SBF questions with visual data from a space-based perspective, it was confirmed based on the results of eye movement analysis that there was a significant difference in total fixation count (p<0.01) of learners. On the other hand, for learners with high scientific preconceptions, the effect of exploration was not significant because the preconceptions of the learners themselves acted as a hard core rather than the effect of SBF questions. This study is different from existing seasonal constellation learning studies in that it provides quantitative data through pre- and post-test and eye movement analysis in the seasonal constellation learning process, and can help elementary students learn seasonal constellations.