• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 DCT를 기반으로 영상의 지역적인 특성에 따라 워터마크를 삽입하는 위치와 워터마크의 크기를 조절하며 영상에 워터마크를 삽입하는 기법을 소개하고자 한다. 영상의 속성에 따라 워터마크의 크기를 조정할 수 있는 JND(Just Noticeable Difference)와 워터마크가 삽입될 위치를 정하는 기준이 되는 Variance를 사용함으로써 워터마크를 영상에 삽입하였을 때, 원래 영상의 질(Qualtiy)을 저하시키지 않고도 영상변형에 강인하도록 한다. 또한, 전체 영상의 JND특성을 함께 고려해 줌으로써 영상에 삽입할 수 있는 워터마크의 크기를 지역적인 영상의 JND를 통해서 구해진 한계치보다 크게 조정하여 워터마크의 강인성을 증가시킨다. 실험 결과에 의하면 본 알고리즘은 워터마크가 삽입된 영상을 필터링(blurring, sharpening) 처리하거나 압축, 또는 노이즈를 첨가하는 등의 영상변형을 가안 후에도 워터마크를 검출함으로써 영상변형에 강인한 알고리즘을 확인할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.32B no.11
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• pp.1424-1433
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• 1995

The edge detection process serves to simplify the analysis of images by drastically reducing the amount of data to be processed, while preserving useful structural informations about object boundaries. At first, this paper proposes an edge detection algorithm to reduce the amount of computation. The gradients of pixels are calculated by using first order differential equations on the pixels with even rows and even columns or odd rows and odd columns, and they are compared with a threshold to decide edges. As a result, the computational complexity is reduced to one third or one forth compared with the provious ones. To enhance the accuracy of edge detection, a method with the adaptive threshold for each pixel window which is calculated by using characteristic values is proposed. In this case, the performance can be improved since the threshold is calculated properly for each window according to the local characteristics of corresponding window.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.113-115
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• 1995

환경오염이 건강에 미치는 영향에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 서유럽 국가들, 특히 독일에서는 섬유, 가죽, 옷 등 일용제품에 환경마크(ECO-Label)를 부착하려는 경향이 있다. 환경마크는 소비자들에게 그들이 구입한 제품들이 환경오염을 일으키지 않으며, 또 사용시 몸에 해롭지 않다는 것을 보증하기 위한 것으로서, 여러 관련 협회, 연구기관 또는 컨설팅 회사가 각각의 유해 물질에 대해서 정한 표준과 허용 한계치에 기초하여 주어진다. 이러한 환경마크들 중에서 eco-tex, Gut, Oeko-Tex Standard 100, TOX PROOF, EU environmental symbol 등이 있으며, 이 외에도 더욱 많은 환경마크들이 특히 독일에서 경쟁적으로 생겨나고 있다. 이들 중에서 가장 잘 알려져 있고 널리 사용되고 있는 것은 'Oeko-Tex Standard 100'으로서 서유럽 12개 국가들이 참여하며 각국을 대표하는 연구기관들로 구성된 '국제 섬유 환경학 연구 실험 기구(Int'l Association for Research and Testing in the field of Textile Ecology)'에 의해 주어진다.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.672-677
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• 2010

A duplex PCR method was developed to detect a transformation vector pSPB130 used in the development of a genetically modified (GM) rose plant. To detect a GM rose plant, the anthocyanin synthase ($ANS$) was used as an endogenous reference gene of rose in PCR detection. The primer pair RHANS-KF/KR producing 107 bp amplicon was used to amplify the $ANS$ gene and no amplified product was observed in any of the 9 different plants used as a template. The primer pair GMRH-KF/KR was designed to amplify the junction sequence between 35S promoter and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase ($F3^{\prime}5^{\prime}H$) gene in pSPB130. The detection limit of the duplex PCR method is approximately 0.5%. This result indicates that this duplex PCR method could be useful for monitoring unauthorized GM rose in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1991

In this study, sampling and analytical procedures were evaluated for the determination of ambient levels of atmospheric PAH, both in gaseous and particulate phase. The method involves low-volume sampling and Soxhlet extraction of the filters and Tenax absorbent, followed by a clean-up stage using a silica column prior to analysis by reversed-phase HPLC with wavelength programmable fluorescence and UV detection. A total of 18 PAH were identified and quantified, all of which have been of environmental concern. In order to validate the methodology and to ensure compatibility of the results, the analytical method used for the determination of PAH was evaluated with respect to the efficiencies of extraction and clean-up procedure, HPLC separation, and lower limits of detection. In addition, substrate dependency of PAH recovery was investigated for the two types of fiters, i.e. glass fiber and PTFE filters.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.195-209
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify the hazard analysis critical control point on food production and transportation flow, applied to home-delivered meals for the elderly. To carry out this study, 1) pan-fried oak mushroom and meat, soy sauce glazed hair tail, and roasted dodok were selected as high nutrient and preferred foods for the elderly and 2) time, temperature, and microbiological quality(standard plate count, coliform, Salmonella spp, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes) were measured at various phases of the home-delivered meal production and its transportation flows. The results of this experiments are as follows: The temperature measured at cooling phases during the home-delivered meal production flows was 19.2 ∼ 20.0$^{\circ}C$ for the pan- fried oak mushroom and meat and the roasted dodok and was 24.0 ∼ 25.2$^{\circ}C$ for the soy sauce glazed hair tail. These temperature were in the potentially dangerous zone. Microbiological analysis showed that S. spp. was higher in the raw ingredients, including oak mushroom, hair tail, radish, and dodok, than the standard limit. SPC was lower than the standard limit from cooking to transportation phase, but SPC increased significantly during the cooling and packaging phase. The level of coliform detected was far lower than the standard limit and was not detected at all during the transportation phase. Few S. spp. was detected in the pan-fried oak mushroom and meat, but was found in above standards limit during the wrap packaging phase in the soy sauce glazed hair tail and roasted dodok. The level decreased rapidly during the holding and transportation phase. Sal. spp., V. parahaemolyticus, S. spp., E. coli O157:H7, and L. monocytogenes were not detected. For the pan-fried oak mushroom and meat, the critical control points were during the purchasing and receiving of raw ingredients, cooling, and packaging phases. For the soy sauce glazed hair tail and roasted dodok, the critical control points were during the purchasing and receiving of raw ingredients, preparation, cooling, and packaging phases.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.235-240
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• 2022

In this study, the delivery conditions and microbial contamination in Mille-feuille Nabe and fresh spring roll meal kits purchased online were assessed. The average surface temperature on the product arrival was 14.4℃. The average number of total aerobic bacteria and coliforms in Mille-feuille Nabe was 3.27 log CFU/g and 1.27 log CFU/g, respectively, in meat, and 6.66 log CFU/g and 2.94 log CFU/g, respectively, in vegetables. The average number of total aerobic bacteria and coliforms in fresh spring rolls was 3.82 log CFU/g and 1.93 log CFU/g in meat, and 5.62 log CFU/g and 3.31 log CFU/g in vegetables, respectively. Escherichia coli was detected in bok choy and perilla leaves, with an average of 0.86 log CFU/g. Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157:H7 were not detected in any of the samples; however, Listeria monocytogenes was detected in all three beef samples. Therefore, before consuming meal kits, sufficient washing and heating are recommended to prevent occurrences of food poisoning.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.453-460
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• 2014

We analyze fault detection algorithm of ephemeris included in navigation message, which is one of the GNSS risk factors. This algorithm uses carrier-phase measurement and baseline vector of two reference stations and is alternative method for uncertainty condition of previous ephemeris. Even though same ephemeris fault is occurred, the geometry condition, between baseline vector of reference stations and satellites, effects on performance of algorithm. Also, we introduce the suitable geometry of reference stations, threshold and performance index (MDE : Minimum Detectable Error) in jeju international airport.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2015

This paper is about analysis of UDRE monitoring method for Korean Satellite navigation system, which is the correction parameter of satellite measurements. New receiver clock bias and tropospheric delay error estimation method to make pseudo-range residual for UDRE monitoring is proposed. Saastamoinen model and Neill mapping function are used for estimate the tropospheric delay and EKF is used for estimgate the receiver clock bias. Through the satellite measurements and regional weather data received directly from the domestic is using for UDRE monitoring analysis, more suitable UDRE monitoring threshold can be deducted and it is expected to be utilized for fault detection technique of Korean Satellite Navigation System.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.3-9
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• 2008

The measurement of physicochemical properties and chemical composition of SSA(sewage sludge ash) has been carried out and the preparation of lightweight material has also been performed using SSA for reuse as building or construction materials. For this aim, lightweight material has been prepared by forming the mixture of SSA, lightweight filler and inorganic binder followed by calcination at elevated temperature and characterized in terms of density and compressive strength. The pH of fly ash was found to be slightly alkaline, pH 8.69, due to the addition of caustic soda in order to neutralize the acidic gas while the pH of bottom ash was 6.48 Heavy metal leachability based on the standard leach test was also found to be below the detection limit for Cd, Cu, Pb, As and Cr of SSA. As far as the compressive strength of lightweight material was concerned, the compressive strength of lightweight material using fly ash was higher than that of lightweight material using bottom ash.