• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5317-5325
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and determine the distribution of the clustering of the metabolic risk factors, and we wanted to evaluated the related factors in urban areas. 1,388 adults of 30 years and over, not recognized as taking medicines for or having cardiovascular diseases, who underwent health package check-up at the health promotion center of a university hospital. All subjects were measured by height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure and blood chemistry(lipid profile). As a results, the prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome of study subjects were 21.7%, and the rates of metabolic risk factors were HDL-C, blood pressure, TG, abdominal obesity and FBS in that order. And the factors such influencing on metabolic syndrome as age, BMI, smoking habits, vegetable consumption and family history of the diabetes. Consequently, it is suggested that the evaluation and intervention for lifestyle factors may be needed in order to the risk management of metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1583-1588
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• 2008

The purpose of this work was to study the relationships between dietary intake and serum lipid profile in 293 adult subjects (mean age: $45.9{\pm}0.7$, men: 163, women: 130) who visited health promotion center. The anthropometric and biochemical blood indices were measured, and nutritional intakes were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire method. The subjects were divided by three groups in accordance with a standard for treating hyperlipidemia; those who had blood cholesterol levels above 240 mL/dL or triglyceride levels above 200 mL/dL were put into the risk group (Risk), while those with blood cholesterol levels below 200 mL/dL and triglyceride levels below 150 mL/dL were put into the control group (Control). Subjects who were between the two groups in terms of blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels were put into the borderline group (Borderline). Risk group showed significantly higher body mass index, body weight, waist circumference, and fat content compared to control group. The levels of calorie, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake were significantly higher in the risk group than control group. There were significantly positive correlations between dietary calorie, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake and blood triglyceride concentration. The blood HDL-cholesterol concentration had negative correlation with carbohydrate intake. These results suggested that overeating may be one of important factors affecting hyperlipidemia in Korean adults.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.324-331
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• 2015

Thyroid hormones are essential for cellular energy homeostasis and regulation by interacting with the sympathetic nervous system. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between thyroid hormone and risk factors of metabolic syndrome for medical checkups of male patients. The study subjects were 12,250 males between 20~80 years old who visited the hospital for a health check-up at one General Hospital in Gyeonggi-do during the period of January 2011 to December 2013. According to the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI), the metabolic syndrome criteria is defined as the presence of 3 or more risk factors. FT4 was lower in the metabolic syndrome group than in the normal group (p<0.001). The level of FT4 decreased as the levels of abdominal obesity (p=0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (p<0.001), blood pressure (p=0.005) and blood glucose (p=0.005) increased. The TSH level increased hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.047). FT4 had an influence on the waist circumference and triglyceride (p<0.001). HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP were higher in the lowest quartile than in the highest quartile (p<0.001). FT4 had effects on the waist circumference and triglyceride, but TSH had no effect on metabolic syndrome risk factors. The metabolic syndrome was lower in the highest quartile of FT4 than in its lowest quartile.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2009

The study found out developmental factors of the liver diseases in 29, 531 cases of the healthy adults who were diagnosed by using ultrasound at domestic healthcare centers in 6 cities. The results are as follows. Based on the result of the study, the liver diseases diagnosed by using ultrasound was revealed to show 43.1% of prevalence, and the occurrence was significantly higher in male (23.3%) than in female (19.8%). The prevalence of hepatic diseases related to the BMI was revealed to show highest prevalence of the fatty liver in obese group (BMI $\geqq$ 25) by recording 44.3%. Smoking contributed to the high prevalence of all liver diseases. Although the fatty liver was the most frequently occurred form of liver diseases by recording the prevalence of 49.1% (22.2% in male, 26.9% in female), the significant difference was found only in female (p < 0.05), but male group did not show significant difference (p > 0.05). The prevalence of hepatic diseases related to the hypertension was revealed to show highest prevalence of the fatty liver in hypertension group by recording 67.7%. The prevalence of hepatic diseases related to the diabetes was revealed to show highest prevalence of the fatty liver in diabetes group by recording 66.2%. The high prevalence of all hepatic diseases was related to diabetes mellitus with statistical significance (p < 0.001). The multiple regression analysis for the related factors which affect the prevalence of the liver diseases showed the higher prevalence by age. Sex, obesity and diabetes mellitus were positively related to the prevalence (p < 0.05) while hypertension and smoking showed no significant relationship to the prevalence of the disease (p > 0.05).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.627-634
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the obesity status on serum uric acid in health check-up examinees. The study subjects were 1,118 adults, 20 years and over (636 males, 482 females), the health package check-up at the general hospital in Gwang-Ju from January to December, 2011. This study assessed the serum uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels, as well as the anthropometric variables (SBP, DBP, and BMI). In a model I, after adjusting for the variables, such as age, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, HDL-C, and FBG, the mean uric acid level ($M{\pm}SE$) increased with increasing obesity status in males (p<0.001) or females (p=0.036). In model II, after adjusting for BUN and creatinine, the mean uric acid ($M{\pm}SE$) in males increased with increasing obesity status (Normal weight [BMI <$23.0kg/m^2$], $4.89{\pm}0.07mg/dl$; overweight [BMI $23.0-24.9kg/m^2$], $5.01{\pm}0.09mg/dl$; obesity [BMI ${\geq}25.0kg/m^2$], $5.35{\pm}0.08mg/dl$) (p<0.001). In the females, however, the mean uric acid ($M{\pm}SE$) did not increase with increasing obesity status (Normal weight, $5.03{\pm}0.08mg/dl$; overweight, $5.19{\pm}0.11mg/dl$; obesity, $5.27{\pm}0.09mg/dl$) (p=0.191). In conclusion, these results suggest that an increase in obesity status is associated with an increase in the serum uric acid levels in males, but not in females.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2219-2231
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• 2012

This study conducted to investigate incidence rate and association of serum lipid profiles with incidence of ischemic heart disease. Study subjects consisted of 417,642 adults aged 30 years and over, who underwent physical examination and responded to questionnaire from health examination center of 19 university general hospitals. Hazard ratio of risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD) were calculated by Cox's proportional hazard regression model adjusted for ages, BMI and lifestyle (drinking, smoking and exercising). For TC/HDL ratio, hazard ratio of IHD in male increased from 1.21 times to 1.84 times increase with TC/HDL ratio, and that in female also increased from 1.26 times to 1.86 times. For TG/HDL ratio, hazard ratio of IHD in male increased from 1.17 times to 1.49 times increase with TG/HDL ratio, and that in female also increased from 1.42 times to 1.97 times. For LDL/HDL ratio, hazard ratio of IHD in male increased from 1.26 times to 1.82 times increase with LDL/HDL ratio, and that in female also increased from 1.26 times to 1.68 times. In conclusion serum lipid indexes are the significant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The higher the concentration of TC, LDL and TG is, the lower the concentration of HDL is, hazard ratio for IHD increased. Ratio of TC/HDL, TG/HDL and LDL/HDL were also verified to be significant risk factors for IHD.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1137-1144
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• 2015

This study examined the impact of osteoporosis on thyroid hormone in health check-up examinees. The study subjects were 1,117 adults, 20 years and over (636 males, 481 females), who underwent a health package check-up at the general hospital G from January to December, 2011. After adjusting for factors, such as year and gender, the mean thyroid stimulating hormone increased with decreasing T-score (Normal[${\geq}-1g/cm^2$], $1.61{\pm}0.07{\mu}IU/m{\ell}$ and osteopenia[-1 >, ${\geq}-2.5g/cm^2$],$1.82{\pm}0.08{\mu}IU/m{\ell}$ and osteoporosis[< $-2.5g/cm^2$],$3.14{\pm}0.27{\mu}IU/m{\ell}$). After adjusting for factors, such as gender and FBS, the mean free thyroxine decreased with decreasing T-score(Normal, $1.30{\pm}0.01ng/d{\ell}$, and osteopenia, $1.22{\pm}0.01ng/d{\ell}$, and osteoporosis, $1.13{\pm}0.04ng/d{\ell}$). Conclusion. These results suggest that a decrease in T-score might increase the thyroid stimulating hormone and decrease the free thyroxine levelin euthyroid adults.

• Korean Public Health Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.35-49
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of dehydration from the subjects who underwent anthropometric and blood parameters testing during a comprehensive health screening. Methods : For the study analysis, 5,391 samples with valid data of the levels of Sodium($Na^+$), BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) and FBS(Fasting Blood Sugar) were selected to calculate a dehydration indicator of plasma osmolality. The study data was collected from the health screening examinees who visited Sahmyook Medical Center Seoul Adventist Hospital Comprehensive Health Check-up Center from 2014.01.01 to 2015.12.31. The relationship between dehydration and age group, BMI, disease exposures(hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, kidney disorder) were analyzed by gender. Results : The odds ratio of dehydration showed statistical significance from age ${\geq}50$ in both male and female, respectively. The female obese group was vulnerable to dehydration while the male study group showed no statistical significance in the BMI difference. The disease exposed groups(hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, kidney disorder) were vulnerable to dehydration. Also, the more types of disease carried by the exposed patients, the higher odds ratio and susceptibility to dehydration. Conclusions : Aging, increasing BMI, and exposed to diseases were found to be the risk factors for vulnerability to dehydration. To prevent dehydration, special caution to be taken for those in the ${\geq}50s$ group, along with controlling BMI and chronic diseases. Further studies are suggested to investigate the risk factors of dehydration that may affect increasing plasma osmolality as a potential stimulus mechanism in disease outbreaks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.751-759
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• 2022

Currently, ultrasound examination for diagnostic ultrasound and health examination purposes is widely used, and it is showing an increasing trend due to the application of health insurance. However, the risk of ultrasound has not been clearly identified so far, and in this study, surface and deep temperature changes according to frequency and mode were measured by using a tissue mimicking phantom and TI and MI values were compared. A simulated phantom was manufactured by adding a small amount of kappa-caraginan powder with acoustic characteristics similar to that of the human body and potassium chloride for solidification, and the change of surface and depth temperature was measured using a surface thermometer and a probe thermometer. As a result, the convex probe using low frequency showed a higher temperature increase than the linear probe using high frequency, so there was a significant difference, and the temperature increase was the highest on the surface, and the depth of 1cm showed a temporary temperature increase, but there was no significant temperature change. There was no change in the deep temperature of 5 cm to 15 cm, and the TI and MI values did not change during the test time. Since only the surface temperature rose during the 15-minute test and there was no temperature change in the core, so it is not expected to show a temperature change that is harmful to the human body. However, it is thought that prolonged examination of one area may cause temperature rise, so it should be avoided.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2024

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed physical activities due to social distancing to prevent the spread of infectious disease. The restriction could affect physical activities and serum lipid levels. The purpose of this study is to investigate changes of serum lipid levels and physical activities due to the social distancing between the pre-and-post COVID-19 pandemic on Jeju Island. A total of 5,373 subjects who underwent medical examination at a medical center located on Jeju Island. between May 2018 and December 2021 was enrolled. They were divided into two groups (the pre-COVID-19 vs. the post-COVID-19) based on their medical checkup dates and analyzed about clinical variables between them. Among the clinical variables, the mean age (P<0.014) and the mean levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P=0.001), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P=0.039) and total-cholesterol (P<0.001) and the proportions of subjects with abdominal obesity (P<0.001), aerobic exercise (P=0.003) and physical activity (P=0.008) were significantly higher in the post-COVID pandemic than those in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic. Even though the proportions of subjects with physical activity and aerobic exercise were statistically greater in the post-COVID-19 pandemic, those with central obesity and dyslipidemia were significantly higher in the period than before on Jeju Island.