• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.23-30
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• 2018

According to recent ground collapse occurrence, ground subsidence is increasing every year in downtown area, which is a social problem. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between ground water level lowering and ground collapse through laboratory model experiments. After mixing 1:1 granite weathered soil with sand, sandy soil was formed as a relative density of 30%, 50%, and 80%. And then the changes of soil discharge with change of groundwater level were compared. The physical property of material of which particle distribution were well graded with maximu dry unit weight of $1.94kg/cm^3$ and internal friction angle of 37degrees. Ground water levels were measured at 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm from the bottom. As a result, the experiment shows that the higher the groundwater level works the higher the discharge velocity and the magnitude of underground cavity also increases with elapsed time. Finally, the cumulative quantity of soil discharge occurred up to 30 kg at the elapsed time, 35 minutes. It was also confirmed that the range of ground collapse increased due to soil discharge with ground water level lowering.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2005

Purpose : 자하거(Hominis Placenta; HP)는 건강한 사람의 태반을 홍제(烘製)하여 건조한 것으로 한의학에서는 기혈(氣血)을 대보(大補)하고 신정(腎精)을 보익(補益)시켜 구병(久病)으로 인한 신체허약(身體虛弱)이나 혹은 체질허약(體質虛弱)과 혈기부족(氣血不足) 및 신허정휴(腎虛精虧) 등 등(證)을 치료(治療)하는데 단미(單味) 또는 복방(複方)에 배오(配伍)하여 쓰여왔다. 또한 자하거는 면역학적으로 골대사 활성이 있는 것으로 알려져 있어 본 연구에서는 자하거의 항골다공증 활성을 분자세포생물학적으로 검정하고자 하였다. Methods : Osteoblast cells에서 자하거가 COX-2 mRNA의 발현과 $PGE_2$ 생합성을 억제시키는지를 관찰하기 위해 먼저 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-${\beta}$ 와 IL-6를 처리한 후 $PGE_2$의 생합성과 더불어 COX-2 mRNA의 발현을 확인하였다. 그 후 TGF-${\beta}$, 자하거(紫河車)와 이 둘의 조합인 자하거+TGF-${\beta}$가 COX-2 mRNA 발현과 $PGE_2$ 생합성을 저해시키는지 관찰하였다. 또한 자하거가 IL-1${\beta}$로 유발된 흰쥐의 과칼슘혈증을 감소시키는지를 확인하였다. Results : IL-6, IL-1${\beta}$와 TNF-${\alpha}$를 동시에 처리하면 이것을 단독으로 처리한 것과 비교해 볼 때 $PGE_2$의 생합성과 더불어 COX-2 mRNA의 수치가 상승작용을 일으키며 증가하였다. TGF-${\beta}$, 자하거와 이 둘의 조합인 자하거+TGF-${\beta}$은 COX-2 mRNA 발현, $PGE_2$ 생합성 및 골재흡수를 감소시켰다. 자하거(紫河車)는 IL-1${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$와 IL-6 각각 또는 이들의 조합으로 인해 증가하는 COX-2 mRNA 발현과 $PGE_2$ 생성을 감소시키는 반면 COX-1 mRNA 발현에는 유의성 있는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 한편 자하거는 농도의존적으로 IL-1${\beta}$로 유발된 흰쥐의 과칼슘혈증을 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과는 흰쥐의 두개골 골아세포에서 $PGE_2$ 생산에 대한 IL-${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6의 상승작용이 COX-2의 유전자 발현 증가에 기인함을 보여주었다. Conclusions : 이러한 결과들로부터 자하거가 골대사과정중 골재흡수를 억제하는데 효과적임을 밝히게 되었으며, 자하거의 골다공증의 억제기전이 골재흡수관련 단백질들의 전사조절에 있음을 최초로 해명하게 되었다.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.212-235
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the location and the spatial composition of Uireung that is located in Seokgwan-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, in order to understand the landscape architectural characteristics. The results are as follows. First, Uireung is 6.4km from Changdeokgung Palace and 5.5km from Heunginjimun Gate. It did not violate the distance standard (40km) for the royal tombs according to Joseon Dynasty Neung-won Myo-je. Second, Uireung is in harmony with the nature and shows the authoritative characteristics of the royal authority through the spatial composition and rank(Entrance Area, Ceremonial Area, Burial Area). Third, there are burial mound, stone sheep, stone tiger, stone table, stone watch pillars in the upper platform, and stone civil official, stone horse, stone lantern in the middle platform, and stone military official, stone horse in the lower platform, and T-shape shrine, worship road in the ceremonial area. There is no pond and a tomb keeper residence, but the position, size, and form can be approximated through historical research materials. There are a colony of pine trees around the burial mound and 64 species of trees such as pine tree, zelcova tree, and fir tree below the burial mound.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.42
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• pp.145-156
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate status survey on flower products with high sales by item and peak season. The survey was implemented for 103 people who are running flower shop and are members of association for Engineer Floral Design who are acquired Craftsman Floral Design and Engineer Floral Design. The result of this study, the peak season for the sale of flower product is showed May (52.0%) and February (24.3%). The reason for the selection was in May, month of family, teacher's day, etc. in February, personnel transfer and graduation ceremony. As a result of researching flower products with high sales volume by category, Cut flowers were ranked the first place of bouquet (51.5%%, 40.3%) and the second place of basket (28.8%, 37.5%) on annual and peak season. And also, Corsage, which was 6^th (1.8%) in the annual sales volume survey, increased to 3^rd (8.0%) during peak season. Pot plants were ranked 1st of foliage plant (50.6%, 51.3%) and 2nd tropical orchid·oriental orchids (27.4%, 28.3%) on annual and peak season. And also, Charcoal and bonsai, which were unresponsive in the annual sales survey, increased sales volume to 0.7% and 2.6%, respectively, during peak season. Processed flowers were highest ranked dry flower (45.3%, 39.5%), preserved flower (27.7%, 37.2%) on both non peak season and peak season. And then followed by artificial flower, pressed flower and collage.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.409-422
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• 2022

Riverine wetlands are an important element of the river ecosystem and account for approximately 38% of the inland wetlands surveyed so far. The Shincheon Wetland located in Mangyeong River is also a channel wetland as the flow rate is slowed by the constructed weirs, leading to sediment accumulation. To identify the conservation value and ecological characteristics of Shincheon Wetland, its vegetation and plant diversity were identified using a phytosociological method, and a total of 45 vegetation-related datasets were collected. Overall, 24 plant communities, comprising a total of 153 taxa (49 families, 117 genera, 146 species, 2 subspecies, 5 varieties) were identified. The plant with the highest appearance rate in the communities was Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. In addition, annual herb species, including Rumex crispus L., Bromusjaponicus Thunb., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., and Artemisia indica Willd. were frequently observed to be growing in the secondary grassland. Naturalized plants were surveyed in the 38 taxa; the urbanization index was 10.3% and the naturalized index was 24.8%. Plant communities were largely classified into submerged vegetation, floating and floating-leaved vegetation, annual and biennial vegetation, perennial herb vegetation, and woody vegetation. The distribution of plant communities reflecting various habitats, including the lentic and lotic zone maintaining a constant water depth, littoral zone experiencing intermittent water level fluctuations, and dry floodplain environment was also confirmed. Overall, plant community development plays an important role in the habitat for wild animals; therefore, it is expected to positively impact biodiversity enhancement.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2022

Many studies on pervaporation (PV) for the separation of dilute alcohols as an alternative to conventional energy-intensive technique of distillation have been conducted earlier. The pervaporation transition behavior of ethanol-water mixtures through the PDMS/PSF membrane is important, in order to understand the mechanism of diffusion process. Therefore, in the present work, transient PV behavior for 50 wt% EtOH/H₂O mixture at 50℃ was investigated by using 1194 cm² PDMS/PSF hollow fiber membrane modules. The overall total flux and the separation factor of all the membrane modules increased initially and then gradually decreased with respect to PV time. The initial increase can be attributed to fact that membrane fibers were dry and it took time to dissolve into the membrane surface, but the subsequent decrease is due to the depletion of ethanol concentration in the feed. Therefore, it was confirmed that the ethanol permeation through a PDMS membrane is governed by the solution-diffusion mechanism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1267-1273
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• 2022

Although the Korea shipbuilding industry has recently been receiving most of the orders for ships in the world, production processes are being disrupted due to a shortage of manpower at the production site. This is because the workers quit the shipyard as both work and wages were reduced due to the long slump in the shipbuilding industry. The main reason for the increase in orders was the large-scale orders for Qatar LNG carriers, and the situation in which the technical specifications required for ships are becoming more complex is also working to an advantage. Because the contract delivery time is of utmost importance for ships, the dock launch plan is the most important management item among the shipyard's major processes. The structure to be built in the dock may be a hull that has left the design work or a finished vessel, and in some cases, it is often at the level of some blocks of the hull. When launching, the hull is affected by the hogging or sagging moment due to the fluid force, and securing the safety of the structural strength of the block connection is of utmost importance. In a normal process, the connecting member launches after welding has been completed, but in actual shipbuilders, quick decision-making is needed on the conditions for securing structural safety to comply with the docking schedule. In this study, a detailed analysis method and applicability using a bending stress evaluation method and finite element analysis modelling were analyzed to rationally judge the above-mentioned problems from an engineering point of view. The main contents mentioned in the thesis can be used as good examples when conducting similar structural strength evaluations in the future.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.446-454
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• 2008

The traditional Korean drink "Jehotang", which is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for treatment of the heat stroke accompanied by high fever, severe sweat and thirst, it is effective far quenching thirst strengthening the stomach, stopping diarrhea and regulating intestinal function. It is also known to play a role in activating the growth of useful microbes in the intestine and in multiplying intestinal immune cells. Thus, this study investigated all aspects of the drink in an effort to develop a new functional beverage. In the course of this study, the analytical research into the literature concerning Jehotang an error in the secrets of preparing the drink. The Japanese apricot, which was given the botanical name, "Prunusmume", should only be used with the flesh (scientifically referred to as "Fructusmume"), which is fumigated with straw fire before drying. and the seed should be thrown away. The honey should only be used after it is heated with a gentle fire, before removing the white foam that farms on its surface to make the "Yeonmil". Two kinds of cooking processes were found in the ancient literature. One procedure boiling down the powered Fructus mume mixed with the Yeonmil, while the other procedure involved preparing the Fructus mume's water by adding water to it and blending the water with the Yeonmil and the rest of the raw ingredient before boiling them down. The current procedure, in which the cooking is done in a double boiler, has been widely adopted to its simplicity. The finished Jehotang is put in porcelain, kept at room temperature, and consumed after mixing with cold water.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2009

Maintenance of adequate soil water content during the period of crop growth is necessary to support optimum plant growth and yields. A better understanding of soil water movement for precision irrigation would allow efficient supply of water to crops, thereby resulting in minimization of water drainage and contamination of ground water. This research reports on the characterization of spatial and temporal variations in water contents through three different textured soils, such as loam, sandy loam, and loamy sand, when water is applied on the soil surface using an one-line drip irrigation system and the soils are dried after the irrigation stops, respectively. Water contents through each soil profile were continuously monitored using three Sentek probes, each consisting of three capacitance sensors at 10, 20, and 30cm depths. Spatial variability in water content for each soil type was strongly influenced by soil textural class. There were big differences in wetting pattern and the rate of downward movement between loam and sandy loam soils, showing that the loam soil had a wider wetting pattern and a slower rate of downward movement than did the sandy loam soil. The wetting pattern in loamy sand soil was not apparent due to a low variability in water content (< 10%) by a lower-water holding capacity as compared to those measured in the loam and sandy loam soils, implying that the rate of water drainage below a depth of 30cm was high. When soils were dried, there were highly exponential relationships between water content and time elapsed after irrigation stops ($r^2$${\geq}$0.98). It was estimated that equilibrium moisture contents for loam, sandy loam, and loamy sand soils would be 17.6%, 6.2%, and 4.2%, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1116-1122
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• 2008

The existing technology which is for recycling aggregate using dried swage sludge have been limited for practical application, because the properties of aggregate are not regular and don't meet the recycling aggregate standard. In this research, an innovative slag-producing technology is developed by addition of oyster shell, waste cast-sand and iron-rust as inorganic waste additives. The mixed slag with the additives was evaluated at the various ratio of CaO/SiO$_2$, SiO$_2$/Al$_2$O$_3$ and Fe$_2$O$_3$/SiO$_2$. When the waste sludge was melted at 1,400$^{\circ}C$ during 20 minutes, the optimal ratio of CaO/SiO$_2$ for the slag added the oyster shell, SiO$_2$/Al$_2$O$_3$ for added the waste cast-sand and Fe$_2$O$_3$/SiO$_2$ for added the iron-rust were 1.00, 3.00 and 0.60, respectively. At the optimal condition, the bulk density of the slag was 2.24 g/cm$^3$, 2.45 g/cm$^3$ and 2.73 g/cm$^3$, And the 24 h water adsorption was 4.72%, 1.44% and 0.37%, respectively. Therefore it is proved that adding the waste additives to the process of the slag production contributed for elevation of recycling aggregate properties. And also it is expected that production cost can be reduced by decreased melting temperature.